Backport modern F3 debug screen + debug overlays (#2301)

Co-authored-by: Jason Mitchell <[email protected]>

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-# Description of your *PR* and other info
-<!-- Please include a summary of the change -->
+## Summary
+<!-- Briefly describe what this PR changes and why. -->
 <!-- Any details that you think are important to review this PR? -->
 <!-- Are there any Issues / PRs related to this one? -->
 
 <!-- Add a screenshot or a video demonstration for new features -->
 
-<details open><summary>Template</summary> <!-- OPEN is intentional -->
 
-### Before submitting a *pull request* make sure you have:
-- [ ] Read the [AI Contribution Policy](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Angelica/blob/master/AI_POLICY.md)
-- [ ] At least [skimmed](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Angelica/search?q=is%3Apr&type=Issues) the tracker for similar pull requests
-
-</details>
+## Checklist
+- [ ] I have tested this PR in DevEnv
+- [ ] I have tested this PR in Fullpack
+- [ ] This PR is in compliance with the [GTNH AI Policy](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/GTNH-Dev-Doc/blob/master/AI_POLICY.md)
+- [ ] I have at least [skimmed](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Angelica/search?q=is%3Apr&type=Issues) the tracker for similar pull requests
+- [ ] This PR requires another PR in order to merge

.github/scripts/companion-version.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# usage: companion-version.sh <name> <catalog-key>; TAG is <name>-v<version>[-N] or unset
+set -euo pipefail
+
+name="${1:?name required}"
+key="${2:?catalog key required}"
+
+cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.."
+base="$(sed -nE "s/^$key = \"(.*)\"\$/\\1/p" gradle/libs.versions.toml)"
+[[ -n "$base" ]] || { echo "$key not found" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+tag="${TAG:-}"
+if [[ -z "$tag" ]]; then
+    echo "$base"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+version="${tag#"$name"-v}"
+if [[ "$version" == "$tag" || ( "$version" != "$base" && ! "$version" =~ ^"$base"-[1-9][0-9]*$ ) ]]; then
+    echo "bad tag '$tag': want $name-v$base[-N]" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo "$version"

.github/scripts/release-companion-jar.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# usage: release-companion-jar.sh <jar> <notes>; TAG is <name>-v<version>
+set -euo pipefail
+
+: "${TAG:?TAG required}"
+jar="${1:?jar required}"
+notes="${2:?notes required}"
+
+gh release create "$TAG" "$jar" --latest=false --title "angelica-${TAG%%-v*} ${TAG#*-v}" --notes "$notes"

.github/workflows/build-and-test.yml

@@ -10,4 +10,41 @@ on:
 jobs:
   build-and-test:
     uses: GTNewHorizons/GTNH-Actions-Workflows/.github/workflows/build-and-test.yml@master
+    with:
+      disable-spotless-pr: true
+      java-distribution: temurin
+      cache-rfg: true
     secrets: inherit
+
+  sdl-gpu-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 20
+    concurrency:
+      group: sdl-gpu-tests-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+      cancel-in-progress: true
+    steps:
+      - name: Install a software Vulkan driver
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -y
+          sudo apt-get install -y xvfb mesa-vulkan-drivers
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: |
+            21
+            25
+      - uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
+      - name: Run SDL-GPU tests
+        run: xvfb-run -a --server-args="-screen 0 1366x768x24" ./gradlew --build-cache --stacktrace --continue :sdl-gpu:glsmSdlTest :sdl-gpu:sdlGpuDeviceTest
+      - name: Check LWJGL did not extract natives to the shared temp dir
+        run: test ! -e "/tmp/lwjgl_$USER"
+      - name: Attach SDL-GPU test results
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sdl-gpu-test-results
+          path: |
+            sdl-gpu/build/test-results/
+            sdl-gpu/build/reports/tests/
+            sdl-gpu/hs_err_pid*.log

.github/workflows/build-moltenvk.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Build angelica-moltenvk
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "moltenvk-v*"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      publish:
+        description: Publish angelica-moltenvk.jar to the GTNH maven
+        type: boolean
+        required: false
+        default: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: 21
+      - uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4
+      - name: Compute version
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && github.ref_name || '' }}
+        run: |
+          version="$(bash .github/scripts/companion-version.sh moltenvk lwjgl3Release)"
+          echo "MOLTENVK_VERSION=$version" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Build angelica-moltenvk.jar
+        run: ./gradlew -PmoltenvkVersion="$MOLTENVK_VERSION" :moltenvk:distJar
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: angelica-moltenvk
+          path: moltenvk/build/libs/angelica-moltenvk-*.jar
+          if-no-files-found: error
+      - name: Publish to GTNH maven
+        if: github.ref_type == 'tag' || inputs.publish
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USER: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USER }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+        run: ./gradlew -PpublishMoltenVK=true -PmoltenvkVersion="$MOLTENVK_VERSION" :moltenvk:publish
+      - name: Create GitHub release
+        if: github.ref_type == 'tag'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        run: bash .github/scripts/release-companion-jar.sh moltenvk/build/libs/angelica-moltenvk-*.jar "MoltenVK for the SDL GPU Vulkan driver on macOS."

.github/workflows/build-tracy-natives.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ on:
         required: false
         default: false
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
   build:
     strategy:
@@ -66,8 +69,15 @@ jobs:
             cp "$d"/* "$dest/"
           done
           find tracy-client/src/main/resources/natives -type f
+      - name: Compute version
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && github.ref_name || '' }}
+        run: |
+          version="$(bash .github/scripts/companion-version.sh tracy tracy)"
+          echo "TRACY_JAR_VERSION=$version" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Build angelica-tracy.jar
-        run: ./gradlew :tracy-client:distJar
+        run: ./gradlew -PtracyJarVersion="$TRACY_JAR_VERSION" :tracy-client:distJar
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: angelica-tracy
@@ -78,4 +88,10 @@ jobs:
         env:
           MAVEN_USER: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USER }}
           MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
-        run: ./gradlew -PpublishTracy=true :tracy-client:publish
+        run: ./gradlew -PpublishTracy=true -PtracyJarVersion="$TRACY_JAR_VERSION" :tracy-client:publish
+      - name: Create GitHub release
+        if: github.ref_type == 'tag'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        run: bash .github/scripts/release-companion-jar.sh tracy-client/build/libs/angelica-tracy-*.jar "Tracy profiler backend for Angelica."

.github/workflows/release-tags.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Release tagged build
 
 on:
   push:
-    tags: [ '*', '!tracy-v*' ]
+    tags: [ '*', '!tracy-v*', '!moltenvk-v*' ]
 
 permissions:
   contents: write

README.MD

@@ -2,31 +2,59 @@
 
 <sup>**[CurseForge](https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/angelica) | [Modrinth](https://modrinth.com/mod/angelica)**</sup>
 
-🌐 **Languages:** [English](README.MD) | [Українська](README_uk.MD)
-
 * The little Angle [sic] that supports shaders while saving your fps from a certain death -boubou
 * Is it obtuse, or accute? -Caedis
 * It's a cute angle -mitchej123
 * It's the angel that pulls you out of OptiFine's hell -Roadhog360
 
-## **Beta Quality - Here there be Dragons**
-* Shaders - Beta
+## What's in it
+* Shaders - Iris backport & enhancements
+* Terrain - Celeritas 2.5.12 with threaded chunk building and translucency sorting
+* GL 3.3 core profile with Java based fixed function pipeline emulation
+* Renderer selection - OpenGL, or SDL GPU for Vulkan/Metal/Direct3D 12
+* Batching and instancing for entities, tile entities, items, particles and weather
+* Dynamic lights
+* HUD caching
+* Custom fonts and text effects
+* MCPatcher - connected textures, custom item textures, custom colors, random mobs, better skies
+* Bundled NotFine, zoom, FPS reducer
+
+## Status
+* OpenGL + Celeritas terrain - Default
+* Shaders - Generally Available
    * Complementary + Euphoria Patches is the primary compatibility target
    * Sildurs, Seus, and any other shaders might work
+* SDL GPU renderer - Experimental
+* MCPatcher features - Alpha
+* HUD caching - Semi-stable
+
+## SDL GPU renderer
+Optional, OpenGL is the default
+* Vulkan, Metal (macOS) and Direct3D 12 (Windows) through SDL3
+* Needs [LWJGL3ify](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/lwjgl3ify/releases/) 3.0.25+
+* Falls back to OpenGL when no device can be created
+* Vulkan on macOS via MoltenVK from the optional `angelica-moltenvk` jar
 
 ## Core Profile
 Targets GL 3.3+ core profile
 * FFP emulation via generated GLSL shaders
 * Display list emulation
 * Software matrix stacks and state management through GLSM
-* GL_QUADS → GL_TRIANGLES conversion
+* GL_QUADS -> GL_TRIANGLES conversion
 * Automatic transformation of mod shaders that use compat-only GLSL builtins (`gl_ModelViewMatrix`, `texture2D`, etc.)
 
 
 # Required Dependencies
 * [UniMixins](https://github.com/LegacyModdingMC/UniMixins/releases) >= 0.1.23
 * [GTNHLib](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/GTNHLib/releases) >= 0.11.19
-* NOTE: Some mods are not required, but a specific version is required if present - see: `Permanent Incompatibilities` below.
+* NOTE: Some mods are not required, but a specific version is required if present - see: `Minimum versions` below.
+
+# Minimum versions (if present)
+* [LWJGL3ify](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/lwjgl3ify/releases/) 1.5.3+ (3.0.25+ for the SDL GPU renderer)
+* [Hodgepodge](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Hodgepodge/releases) 2.4.4+
+* [ArchaicFix](https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/archaicfix/files/all?page=1&pageSize=20) 0.7.0+
+* [CodeChickenCore](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/CodeChickenCore/releases) 1.2.0+ - Threading issues below that
+* [Amazing Trophies](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Amazing-Trophies/releases) 1.2.2+
 
 # Known (temporary) Incompatibilities
 * Forge Relocation - Currently non Thread Safe; safe if not in use
@@ -45,15 +73,15 @@ Targets GL 3.3+ core profile
 * FastCraft [Disabled, won't fix]
 * BetterFPS [Disabled, won't fix]
 * OptimizationsAndTweaks [Disabled, won't fix]
-* [Amazing Trophies 1.2.1 and below](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Amazing-Trophies/releases) - Use 1.2.2+
-* [LWJGL3ify 1.5.4 and below](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/lwjgl3ify/releases/) - Use the latest version available, 1.5.7+
-* [ArchaicFix 0.6.2 and below](https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/archaicfix/files/all?page=1&pageSize=20) - Use 0.7.0 or above
-* [Hodgepodge 2.4.3 and below](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Hodgepodge/releases) - Use 2.4.5 or above
-* CodeChicken[Core](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/CodeChickenCore/releases)/[Lib](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/CodeChickenLib/releases) <1.2.0 - Threading issues, use 1.3.0+
 * Neodymium - Untested, but unlikely to be compatible. (Chunk Meshing is definitely incompatible, other features might work depending on config)
 * SmoothFont - Equivalent functionality added
 * ClientFixer - Use a resource pack like [GTNH-FTI-Standard-Font](https://github.com/Eldrinn-Elantey/GTNH-FTI-Standard-Font)
 
+# Building
+* `./gradlew build`, `./gradlew test`
+* Subprojects: `glsm` (state manager, FFP emulation, backends), `lwjgl3-backend`, `sdl-gpu`, `tracy-client`, `moltenvk`
+* Read the [AI policy](AI_POLICY.md) before opening a PR
+
 # Credits
 * ShadersMod
   * Original ShadersMods: karyonix, sonic ether, id_miner, daxnitro
@@ -96,7 +124,7 @@ Targets GL 3.3+ core profile
   * FalsePattern for [FalseTweaks](https://github.com/falsepattern/falsetweaks) - Item Rendering Optimizations taken from FalseTweaks under the LGPL 3.0 license
 * Beddium
   * Venn and Falsepattern for [Beddium](https://github.com/vfx-dev/Beddium) - MinimapRenderer, SafeChunkTracker, and some debug commands adapted under the LGPL 3.0 License
-* [Mesa](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa) — Code ported and/or inspired from Mesa - under the MIT licensed
+* [Mesa](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa) - Code ported and/or inspired from Mesa - under the MIT license
   * Display list ID allocator ported from [util_idalloc](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/blob/main/src/util/u_idalloc.c) (Copyright 2017 Valve Corporation)
   * FFP vertex shader generation inspired by ffvertex_prog.c (Copyright 2007 VMware, Inc.)
   * FFP fragment shader generation inspired by ff_fragment_shader.c (Copyright 2007, 2009 VMware, Inc. / 2010-2011 Intel Corporation)

build.gradle.kts

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ plugins {
     id("com.gtnewhorizons.gtnhconvention")
 }
 
+apply(from = "gradle/mod-version.gradle.kts")
+
 val lwjglDebug = false
 val gpuHud = false
 val renderdoc = false
@@ -87,8 +89,11 @@ tasks.register<Copy>("copyDependencies") {
 val embedOnly: Configuration by configurations
 val shadowImplementation: Configuration by configurations
 
+val dependencyClasspath: FileCollection = sourceSets.main.get().runtimeClasspath - sourceSets.main.get().output
+
 val downgradeEmbedOnlyForTest by tasks.registering(DowngradeFiles::class) {
     inputCollection = embedOnly
+    classpath = dependencyClasspath
     outputs.dir(temporaryDir)
 }
 
@@ -102,6 +107,7 @@ val stripModuleInfoFromShadow by tasks.registering(Jar::class) {
 
 val downgradeShadowImplForTest by tasks.registering(DowngradeFiles::class) {
     inputCollection = files(stripModuleInfoFromShadow.map { it.archiveFile })
+    classpath = dependencyClasspath
     outputs.dir(temporaryDir)
 }
 
@@ -116,6 +122,7 @@ val glsmTestFixtures: Configuration by configurations.creating {
 
 val downgradeGlsmTestFixturesForTest by tasks.registering(DowngradeFiles::class) {
     inputCollection = glsmTestFixtures
+    classpath = dependencyClasspath
     outputs.dir(temporaryDir)
 }
 
@@ -146,9 +153,49 @@ fun Test.configureAngelicaJava8() {
     }
 }
 
+if (isMacOs && providers.gradleProperty("clientJvmVendor").isPresent) {
+    for (javaVersion in listOf(17, 21, 25)) {
+        tasks.named<JavaExec>("runClient$javaVersion") {
+            javaLauncher = javaToolchains.launcherFor {
+                languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
+                vendor = JvmVendorSpec.matching(providers.gradleProperty("clientJvmVendor").get())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Forge's asm-debug-all 5.0.3 cannot read the Java 25 class files ArchScan walks; this ASM has to resolve first.
+val archScanAsm: Configuration by configurations.creating {
+    isCanBeConsumed = false
+    isCanBeResolved = true
+}
+
+val glsmRedirectAgent: Configuration by configurations.creating {
+    isCanBeConsumed = false
+    isCanBeResolved = true
+}
+
+val glsmMutableStaticsAgent: Configuration by configurations.creating {
+    isCanBeConsumed = false
+    isCanBeResolved = true
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    glsmRedirectAgent(project(":glsm", "redirectAgent"))
+    glsmMutableStaticsAgent(project(":glsm", "mutableStaticsAgent"))
+    archScanAsm(libs.asm.tree.test)
+    archScanAsm(libs.asm.commons.test)
+}
+
+sourceSets.test {
+    compileClasspath = archScanAsm + compileClasspath
+}
+
 tasks.test {
     useJUnitPlatform { excludeTags = setOf("gl-core") }
     configureAngelicaJava8()
+    classpath = archScanAsm + classpath
+    javaAgent(glsmMutableStaticsAgent)
     jvmArgs("-Dceleritas.lwjglService=org.taumc.celeritas.lwjgl.HeadlessTestLWJGLService")
     dependsOn(":glsm:classes", ":lwjgl3-backend:classes", ":sdl-gpu:classes")
 }
@@ -156,6 +203,13 @@ tasks.test {
 val downgradeRootMainClasses = tasks.named<DowngradeFiles>("downgradeMainClasses")
 val downgradeRootTestClasses = tasks.named<DowngradeFiles>("downgradeTestClasses")
 
+// JVMDowngrader only declares outputs for inputs that exist at configuration, so a clean tree has none.
+for (name in listOf("main", "mixin", "test")) {
+    tasks.named<DowngradeFiles>("downgrade${name.replaceFirstChar { it.uppercase() }}Classes") {
+        sourceSets[name].output.classesDirs.files.forEach { outputs.dir(temporaryDir.resolve(it.name)) }
+    }
+}
+
 val glCoreTest by tasks.registering(Test::class) {
     description = "Runs the gl-core tests in their own JVM with a real GL context."
     group = "verification"
@@ -171,11 +225,26 @@ val glCoreTest by tasks.registering(Test::class) {
         .plus(downgraded(downgradeRootMainClasses))
         .plus(sourceSets["test"].runtimeClasspath.minus(rawMain).minus(rawTest))
 
+    javaAgent(glsmRedirectAgent)
+
     configureAngelicaJava8()
-    mustRunAfter(tasks.test)
 }
 
-tasks.test { finalizedBy(glCoreTest) }
+val verifyTestsRan by tasks.registering
+listOf(tasks.test, glCoreTest).forEach { testTask ->
+    val name = testTask.name
+    val verify = tasks.register("verify${name.replaceFirstChar { it.uppercase() }}Ran") {
+        val resultsDir = layout.buildDirectory.dir("test-results/$name")
+        dependsOn(testTask)
+        doLast {
+            val dir = resultsDir.get().asFile
+            val xmls = dir.listFiles { f -> f.name.startsWith("TEST-") && f.name.endsWith(".xml") } ?: emptyArray()
+            check(xmls.isNotEmpty()) { ":$name produced no TEST-*.xml in $dir - test task likely went NO-SOURCE" }
+        }
+    }
+    verifyTestsRan.configure { dependsOn(verify) }
+}
+tasks.check { dependsOn(verifyTestsRan) }
 
 apply(from = "gradle/angelica-shadow-common.gradle.kts")
 apply(from = "experimental-surround/surround.root.gradle.kts")

buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/JavaAgent.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import org.gradle.api.file.FileCollection
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.Test
+import org.gradle.process.CommandLineArgumentProvider
+
+fun Test.javaAgent(jar: FileCollection) {
+    inputs.files(jar).withPropertyName("javaAgent")
+    jvmArgumentProviders.add(CommandLineArgumentProvider { listOf("-javaagent:${jar.singleFile.path}") })
+}

buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/Lwjgl3Natives.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import org.gradle.api.Project
+import org.gradle.api.file.ArchiveOperations
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.SourceSetContainer
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.Sync
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskProvider
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.Test
+import org.gradle.kotlin.dsl.get
+import org.gradle.kotlin.dsl.register
+import org.gradle.kotlin.dsl.the
+import javax.inject.Inject
+
+abstract class UnpackLwjgl3Natives : Sync() {
+    @get:Inject
+    abstract val archives: ArchiveOperations
+}
+
+// LWJGL extracts jar-packed natives to a shared temp dir with no cross-process safety; plain files it loads in place.
+fun Project.registerLwjgl3NativesUnpack(): TaskProvider<UnpackLwjgl3Natives> {
+    val jars = the<SourceSetContainer>()["test"].runtimeClasspath.filter {
+        it.name.startsWith("lwjgl") && it.name.contains("-natives-") && !it.name.startsWith("lwjgl-platform-")
+    }
+    return tasks.register<UnpackLwjgl3Natives>("unpackLwjgl3Natives") {
+        val archives = archives
+        from(jars.elements.map { files -> files.map { archives.zipTree(it) } })
+        exclude("META-INF/**")
+        into(layout.buildDirectory.dir("lwjgl3-natives"))
+    }
+}
+
+fun Test.loadLwjgl3NativesFrom(unpack: TaskProvider<UnpackLwjgl3Natives>) {
+    classpath = project.files(unpack) + classpath
+}

dependencies.gradle.kts

@@ -62,9 +62,10 @@ DependencyHandlerScope.of(dependencies).apply {
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:BetterLoadingScreen:1.7.9-GTNH:dev")
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:BetterQuesting:3.8.72-GTNH:dev")
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:BuildCraft:7.1.63:dev")
+    compileOnly("com.github.GTNewHorizons:Botania:1.13.32-GTNH:dev") { isTransitive = false }
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:Botania:1.13.32-GTNH:dev")
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:LogisticsPipes:1.5.32-GTNH:dev")
-    runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:OpenComputers:1.12.55-GTNH:dev")
+    runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:OpenComputers:1.12.64-GTNH:dev")
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:Mobs-Info:0.5.18-GTNH:dev")
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:IguanaTweaksTConstruct:2.7.10:dev")
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable("com.github.GTNewHorizons:OpenBlocks:1.12.18-GTNH:dev")
@@ -93,6 +94,9 @@ DependencyHandlerScope.of(dependencies).apply {
     shadowImplementation(project(":lwjgl3-backend")) { isTransitive = false }
     shadowImplementation(project(":sdl-gpu")) { isTransitive = false }
     runtimeOnlyNonPublishable(project(":tracy-client")) { isTransitive = false }
+    if (System.getProperty("os.name").lowercase().contains("mac")) {
+        runtimeOnlyNonPublishable(project(":moltenvk")) { isTransitive = false }
+    }
     devOnlyNonPublishable(libs.async.profiler)
     shadowImplementation(libs.eventbus)
 
@@ -201,7 +205,6 @@ afterEvaluate {
         testImplementation(libs.junit.platform.reporting)
         testImplementation(libs.junit.platform.launcher)
 
-        testImplementation(libs.archunit.junit5)
         testImplementation(libs.retrofuturabootstrap) { isTransitive = false }
 
         glsmTestFixtures(testFixtures(project(":glsm")) as ModuleDependency) { isTransitive = false }

experimental-surround/runtime/build.gradle.kts

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ repositories {
 }
 
 tasks.withType<DowngradeFiles>().configureEach {
+    outputs.cacheIf { true }
     downgradeTo.set(JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8)
     multiReleaseOriginal.set(false)
     multiReleaseVersions.set(emptySet())

glsm/build.gradle.kts

@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ dependencies {
     testFixturesApi(platform(libs.junit.bom))
     testFixturesApi(libs.junit.jupiter.api)
     testFixturesApi(libs.lwjgl2)
+    testFixturesCompileOnly(libs.asm.tree.test)
 
     // Test
     testImplementation(sourceSets["stubs"].output)
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ dependencies {
 }
 
 tasks.withType<DowngradeFiles>().configureEach {
+    outputs.cacheIf { true }
     downgradeTo.set(JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8)
     multiReleaseOriginal.set(false)
     multiReleaseVersions.set(emptySet())
@@ -256,6 +258,13 @@ fun Test.configureGlsmJava8() {
     }
 }
 
+val mutableStaticsAgentJar by tasks.registering(Jar::class) {
+    archiveClassifier = "mutable-statics-agent"
+    manifest {
+        attributes("Premain-Class" to "com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.MutableStatics")
+    }
+}
+
 tasks.test {
     useJUnitPlatform {
         excludeTags = GL_TASK_TAGS.values.toSet() + "lwjgl3"
@@ -264,6 +273,29 @@ tasks.test {
         excludeTestsMatching("com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.SpirvShaderTranslator*Test")
     }
     configureGlsmJava8()
+    javaAgent(files(mutableStaticsAgentJar))
+}
+
+val redirectAgentJar by tasks.registering(Jar::class) {
+    archiveClassifier = "redirect-agent"
+    manifest {
+        attributes("Premain-Class" to "com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlsmRedirectAgent")
+    }
+}
+
+val redirectAgent by configurations.creating {
+    isCanBeConsumed = true
+    isCanBeResolved = false
+}
+
+val mutableStaticsAgent by configurations.creating {
+    isCanBeConsumed = true
+    isCanBeResolved = false
+}
+
+artifacts {
+    add(redirectAgent.name, redirectAgentJar)
+    add(mutableStaticsAgent.name, mutableStaticsAgentJar)
 }
 
 val glTestTasks = GL_TASK_TAGS.map { (taskName, tag) ->
@@ -274,6 +306,7 @@ val glTestTasks = GL_TASK_TAGS.map { (taskName, tag) ->
             includeTags = setOf(tag)
         }
         configureGlsmJava8()
+        javaAgent(files(redirectAgentJar))
     }
 }
 
@@ -302,6 +335,8 @@ val verifyTestsRan by tasks.registering {
 }
 tasks.check { dependsOn(verifyTestsRan) }
 
+val unpackLwjgl3Natives = registerLwjgl3NativesUnpack()
+
 val spirvTest by tasks.registering(Test::class) {
     description = "Runs SpirvShaderTranslator* tests against native shaderc + spvc on Java 21."
     group = "verification"
@@ -330,6 +365,7 @@ val spirvTest by tasks.registering(Test::class) {
         "-Djava.library.path=${extractNatives3.get().property("destinationFolder").let { (it as DirectoryProperty).asFile.get().path }}",
         "--enable-native-access=ALL-UNNAMED"
     )
+    loadLwjgl3NativesFrom(unpackLwjgl3Natives)
 
     testLogging {
         showStandardStreams = true

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/config/SystemProperties.java

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
 
     // Backend selection
     public static final String KEY_USE_SDL_GPU = "angelica.sdlgpu.enable";
-    public static final boolean USE_SDL_GPU = Boolean.getBoolean(KEY_USE_SDL_GPU);
+    public static final Boolean SDL_GPU_OVERRIDE = parseBooleanOverride(KEY_USE_SDL_GPU);
     public static final String GL_PROFILE = System.getProperty("angelica.glProfile", "");
     public static final boolean DISABLE_NVIDIA_WORKAROUND = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.disableNvidiaWorkaround");
     public static final boolean DISABLE_LTW_WORKAROUND = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.disableLtwWorkaround");
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
 
     // SDL-GPU
     public static final String KEY_SDL_GPU_DRIVER = "angelica.sdlgpu.driver";
-    public static final String SDL_GPU_DRIVER = System.getProperty(KEY_SDL_GPU_DRIVER, "");
+    public static final String SDL_GPU_DRIVER_OVERRIDE = parseStringOverride(KEY_SDL_GPU_DRIVER);
+    public static final String MOLTENVK_DIR = System.getProperty("angelica.moltenvk.dir", "angelica" + File.separator + "natives" + File.separator + "moltenvk");
     public static final boolean SDL_GPU_DEBUG = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.sdlgpu.debug");
     private static final SdlAssertionMode ENCODER_ASSERTIONS = parseEnum("angelica.sdlgpu.encoderAssertions", SdlAssertionMode.OFF, SdlAssertionMode.WARN, SdlAssertionMode.class);
     public static final boolean SDL_ENCODER_ASSERTIONS = ENCODER_ASSERTIONS != SdlAssertionMode.OFF;
@@ -61,12 +62,20 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
     public static final long FLYBY_TIME_OF_DAY = Math.floorMod(Long.getLong("angelica.flyby.timeOfDay", 6000L), 24000L);
     public static final String FLYBY_COMMANDS = System.getProperty("angelica.flyby.commands", "");
     public static final String FLYBY_ORIGIN = System.getProperty("angelica.flyby.origin", "");
+    public static final Integer FLYBY_DIMENSION = Integer.getInteger("angelica.flyby.dimension");
     public static final FlybyPacing FLYBY_PACING = parseEnum("angelica.flyby.pacing", FlybyPacing.UNCAPPED, FlybyPacing.UNCAPPED, FlybyPacing.class);
     public static final FlybyWeather FLYBY_WEATHER = parseEnum("angelica.flyby.weather", FlybyWeather.CLEAR, FlybyWeather.CLEAR, FlybyWeather.class);
+    public static final FlybyCamera FLYBY_CAMERA = parseEnum("angelica.flyby.camera", FlybyCamera.FIRST_PERSON, FlybyCamera.FIRST_PERSON, FlybyCamera.class);
     public static final boolean FLYBY_JFR = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.flyby.jfr");
     public static final float FLYBY_PITCH = parseFloat("angelica.flyby.pitch");
     public static final int FLYBY_SCREENSHOTS = Integer.getInteger("angelica.flyby.screenshots", 0);
-    public static final boolean FLYBY_DEBUG_HUD = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.flyby.debugHud");
+    public static final Boolean FLYBY_DEBUG_HUD = parseBooleanOverride("angelica.flyby.debugHud");
+    public static final String FLYBY_DEBUG_PROFILE = System.getProperty("angelica.flyby.debugProfile", "");
+    public static final String FLYBY_DEBUG_ENTRIES = System.getProperty("angelica.flyby.debugEntries", "");
+    public static final Boolean FLYBY_DEBUG_FLAT = parseBooleanOverride("angelica.flyby.debugFlat");
+    public static final Boolean FLYBY_HUD_CACHING = parseBooleanOverride("angelica.flyby.hudCaching");
+    public static final Boolean FLYBY_FPS_GRAPH = parseBooleanOverride("angelica.flyby.fpsGraph");
+    public static final boolean FLYBY_DEBUG_DUMP = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.flyby.debugDump");
     public static final String FLYBY_CRASH_TEST = System.getProperty("angelica.flyby.crashTest", "");
 
     // Debug
@@ -131,6 +140,12 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
         CONFIGURED
     }
 
+    public enum FlybyCamera {
+        FIRST_PERSON,
+        THIRD_PERSON_BACK,
+        THIRD_PERSON_FRONT
+    }
+
     public enum FlybyWeather {
         CLEAR,
         RAIN,
@@ -158,7 +173,12 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
 
     private static Boolean parseBooleanOverride(String key) {
         final String raw = System.getProperty(key);
-        return raw == null ? null : Boolean.parseBoolean(raw);
+        return raw == null || raw.isEmpty() ? null : Boolean.parseBoolean(raw);
+    }
+
+    private static String parseStringOverride(String key) {
+        final String raw = System.getProperty(key);
+        return raw == null || raw.isEmpty() ? null : raw;
     }
 
     private static double parseDouble(String key) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatShaderTransformer.java

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.SystemProperties;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.RenderBackend;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.ShaderDiskCache;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.ShaderIndex;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.SpirvShaderTranslator;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
@@ -456,12 +457,7 @@ public class CompatShaderTransformer {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> declarators = new ArrayList<>();
-            declarators.add(decl.typeless_declaration());
-            if (decl.getParent() instanceof GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext list) {
-                declarators.addAll(list.typeless_declaration());
-            }
-            for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext d : declarators) {
+            for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext d : ShaderIndex.declarators((GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext) decl.getParent())) {
                 if (d.IDENTIFIER() == null) continue;
                 final int slots = baseSlots(baseType) * typeArraySlots * arraySlots(d.array_specifier());
                 final String arraySuffix = typeArray + arraySuffix(d.array_specifier());

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.FragmentKey;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.Uniforms;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.FogStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.LightStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ClipPlaneState;
@@ -66,7 +68,13 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
     static final int LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE = LOC_MAT_BASE + MAT_FIELDS; // 48
     static final int LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE = LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE + 1; // 49
 
-    static final int LOC_COUNT = LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE + 1; // 50
+    static final int LOC_FOG_MODE = LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE + 1; // 50
+    static final int LOC_FOG_PARAMS = LOC_FOG_MODE + 1; // 51
+    static final int LOC_FOG_DISTANCE_MODE = LOC_FOG_PARAMS + 1; // 52
+
+    static final int LOC_MODELVIEW_PROJECTION = LOC_FOG_DISTANCE_MODE + 1; // 53
+
+    static final int LOC_COUNT = LOC_MODELVIEW_PROJECTION + 1; // 54
 
     private static final String[] LIGHT_FIELD_NAMES = {
         "ambient", "diffuse", "specular", "position", "halfVector",
@@ -84,6 +92,7 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_MODELVIEW] = "angelica_ModelViewMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] = "angelica_ModelViewMatrixInverse";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_PROJECTION] = "angelica_ProjectionMatrix";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_MODELVIEW_PROJECTION] = "angelica_ModelViewProjectionMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE] = "angelica_ProjectionMatrixInverse";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_NORMAL] = "angelica_NormalMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_LIGHTMAP_TEXTURE_MATRIX] = "angelica_LightmapTextureMatrix";
@@ -98,6 +107,9 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_TEXTURE_MATRIX] = "iris_TextureMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] = "iris_ModelViewMatrixInverse";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE] = "iris_ProjectionMatrixInverse";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_FOG_MODE] = "angelica_FogMode";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_FOG_PARAMS] = "angelica_FogParams";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_FOG_DISTANCE_MODE] = "angelica_FogDistanceMode";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_ALPHA_TEST_REF] = "angelica_currentAlphaTest";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_SCENE_COLOR] = "angelica_SceneColor";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_CLIP_PLANES] = "angelica_ClipPlane[0]";
@@ -120,7 +132,14 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
         GLContextState owner;
         int lastMvGen = -1, lastMvLinearGen = -1, lastProjGen = -1, lastTexMatGen = -1;
         int lastFragmentGen = -1, lastLightingGen = -1, lastClipPlaneGen = -1;
-        ProgramUniforms(int[] locs) { this.locs = locs; }
+        int lastFogMode = -1, lastFogDistanceMode = -1;
+        final boolean lights;
+        ProgramUniforms(int[] locs) {
+            this.locs = locs;
+            boolean any = false;
+            for (int i = LOC_LIGHT_BASE; i < LOC_MAT_BASE; i++) any |= locs[i] != -1;
+            this.lights = any;
+        }
     }
 
     // Reusable NIO buffers for upload
@@ -186,6 +205,7 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             pu.owner = glCtx;
             pu.lastMvGen = pu.lastMvLinearGen = pu.lastProjGen = pu.lastTexMatGen = -1;
             pu.lastFragmentGen = pu.lastLightingGen = pu.lastClipPlaneGen = -1;
+            pu.lastFogMode = pu.lastFogDistanceMode = -1;
         }
 
         // Matrix uniforms — skip if this program's storage already holds the current generation
@@ -212,12 +232,15 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             uploadFragmentUniforms(locs);
         }
 
+        pu.lastFogMode = uploadIfChanged(locs[LOC_FOG_MODE], FragmentKey.activeFogMode(glCtx), pu.lastFogMode);
+        pu.lastFogDistanceMode = uploadIfChanged(locs[LOC_FOG_DISTANCE_MODE], glCtx.fogState.getFogDistanceMode(), pu.lastFogDistanceMode);
+
         // Lighting-derived uniforms (scene color, light sources, material)
         final int litGen = glCtx.lightingGeneration;
         if (litGen != pu.lastLightingGen) {
             pu.lastLightingGen = litGen;
             if (locs[LOC_SCENE_COLOR] != -1) uploadSceneColor(locs);
-            uploadLightSources(locs);
+            if (pu.lights) uploadLightSources(locs);
             uploadMaterial(locs);
         }
 
@@ -262,6 +285,11 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             }
         }
 
+        if ((mvChanged || projChanged) && locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_PROJECTION] != -1) {
+            Uniforms.modelViewProjection(proj, mv, scratchMatrix).get(mat4Buf);
+            RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_PROJECTION], false, mat4Buf);
+        }
+
         if (mvLinearChanged) {
             // Normal Matrix (inverse-transpose of upper-left 3x3 of ModelView)
             if (locs[LOC_NORMAL] != -1 || locs[LOC_IRIS_NORMAL] != -1) {
@@ -324,6 +352,11 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
         }
     }
 
+    private static int uploadIfChanged(int location, int value, int last) {
+        if (location != -1 && value != last) RENDER_BACKEND.uniform1i(location, value);
+        return value;
+    }
+
     private static void uploadFragmentUniforms(int[] locs) {
         // Fog uniforms
         FogStateStack fog = GLStateManager.getFogState();
@@ -336,6 +369,9 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
         if (locs[LOC_FOG_END] != -1) {
             RENDER_BACKEND.uniform1f(locs[LOC_FOG_END], fog.getEnd());
         }
+        if (locs[LOC_FOG_PARAMS] != -1) {
+            RENDER_BACKEND.uniform4f(locs[LOC_FOG_PARAMS], fog.linearScale(), fog.linearBias(), fog.expScale(), fog.exp2Scale());
+        }
         if (locs[LOC_FOG_COLOR] != -1) {
             vec4Buf.clear();
             vec4Buf.put((float) fog.getFogColor().x).put((float) fog.getFogColor().y).put((float) fog.getFogColor().z).put(fog.getFogAlpha());
@@ -372,8 +408,6 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
     }
 
     private static void uploadLightSources(int[] locs) {
-        // Early exit: if the first light field isn't present, no lighting uniforms exist
-        if (locs[LOC_LIGHT_BASE] == -1) return;
         final LightStateStack[] lights = GLStateManager.getLightDataStates();
         for (int li = 0; li < 2; li++) {
             final int base = LOC_LIGHT_BASE + li * LIGHT_FIELDS;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/DisplayListManager.java

@@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
                 }
 
                 final DisplayListCommand[] complexObjects = commandBuffer.getComplexObjects();
-                compiled = new CompiledDisplayList(commandBuffer.finish(), complexObjects, compiledBuffers, indexedBatches);
+                compiled = new CompiledDisplayList(commandBuffer.finish(), complexObjects, compiledBuffers, indexedBatches, GLStateManager.ctx());
                 currentRecorder = null;
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 GLStateManager.LOGGER.error("Encountered a fatal issue while trying to compile a display list.");

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ExitState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.AlphaState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.BlendState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.Color4;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ColorMask;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.MaterialState;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.joml.Vector3f;
+import org.joml.Vector4f;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+
+public final class ExitState {
+    public static final int POLYGON_OFFSET_ENABLE_WRITTEN = 1;
+    public static final int POLYGON_OFFSET_VALUES_WRITTEN = 2;
+    final Values entry = new Values();
+    final Values value = new Values();
+    final MaterialState frontMaterial = new MaterialState(GL11.GL_FRONT);
+    final MaterialState backMaterial = new MaterialState(GL11.GL_BACK);
+    long writes, dependencies;
+    boolean valid;
+    int textureDeleteCount;
+
+    public void clear() {
+        valid = false;
+        writes = dependencies = 0;
+    }
+
+    static final class Values {
+        final Color4 color = new Color4();
+        final Vector3f normal = new Vector3f();
+        final Vector4f texCoord = new Vector4f();
+        final Vector4f shaderColor = new Vector4f();
+        final Vector4f overlayColor = new Vector4f();
+        final BlendState blend = new BlendState();
+        final AlphaState alpha = new AlphaState();
+        final ColorMask colorMask = new ColorMask();
+        final Matrix4f textureMatrix = new Matrix4f();
+        long enabled;
+        int activeUnit, clientActiveUnit, matrixMode, texture, depthFunction, cullFace, frontFace, shadeModel;
+        int materialFace, materialParameter;
+        boolean depthMask;
+        float lightmapX, lightmapY, offsetFactor, offsetUnits, offsetClamp;
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ExitStateCapture.java

@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.BatchStateGuard;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredAlphaHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredBlendHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredDepthColorHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.BooleanStateStack;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.CowStateStack;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.MaterialState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfo;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2LongOpenHashMap;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fStack;
+import org.joml.Vector4f;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Records the GL state a block of rendering code leaves behind, so a later run of the same block can be skipped and
+ * its exit state applied instead.
+ */
+final class ExitStateCapture {
+    // Fields 0..12 are the capabilities, in CAPS order. FRONT_* and BACK_* are four contiguous fields each, ordered like
+    // vector(): apply() and finish() address them as 15L << FRONT_AMBIENT and (field - FRONT_AMBIENT) & 3.
+    static final int BLEND = 0, ALPHA = 1, DEPTH = 2, CULL = 3, LIGHTING = 4, NORMALIZE = 5, RESCALE = 6, LIGHT0 = 7, LIGHT1 = 8, TEXTURE0 = 9, TEXTURE1 = 10, OFFSET = 11, COLOR_MATERIAL = 12, COLOR = 13, NORMAL = 14, TEXCOORD = 15,
+        LIGHTMAP = 16, SHADER_COLOR = 17, BLEND_FUNC = 18, ALPHA_FUNC = 19, DEPTH_FUNC = 20, DEPTH_MASK = 21, COLOR_MASK = 22, CULL_FACE = 23, FRONT_FACE = 24, SHADE_MODEL = 25, ACTIVE_UNIT = 26, TEXTURE_BINDING = 27, MATRIX_MODE = 28,
+        TEXTURE_MATRIX = 29, OFFSET_VALUES = 30, COLOR_MATERIAL_SETTINGS = 31, FRONT_AMBIENT = 32, FRONT_DIFFUSE = 33, FRONT_SPECULAR = 34, FRONT_EMISSION = 35, BACK_AMBIENT = 36, BACK_DIFFUSE = 37, BACK_SPECULAR = 38,
+        BACK_EMISSION = 39, OVERLAY_COLOR = 40, CLIENT_ACTIVE_UNIT = 41;
+    private static final int FIELD_COUNT = 42;
+    private static final long IMPLICIT_INPUTS = bits(ACTIVE_UNIT, MATRIX_MODE);
+    private static final long MATERIAL_BAKE_INPUTS = bits(COLOR, COLOR_MATERIAL_SETTINGS);
+    private static final long DRAW_INPUTS = bits(CULL, TEXTURE0, TEXTURE1, COLOR, LIGHTMAP, OVERLAY_COLOR, CULL_FACE, FRONT_FACE, TEXTURE_BINDING);
+    private static final long VERTEX_INPUTS = bits(NORMAL, TEXCOORD);
+    private static final long MATERIAL_INPUTS = bits(BLEND, ALPHA, DEPTH, BLEND_FUNC, ALPHA_FUNC, DEPTH_FUNC, DEPTH_MASK, COLOR_MASK);
+    private static final int[] CAPS = {GL11.GL_BLEND, GL11.GL_ALPHA_TEST, GL11.GL_DEPTH_TEST, GL11.GL_CULL_FACE, GL11.GL_LIGHTING, GL11.GL_NORMALIZE, GL12.GL_RESCALE_NORMAL, GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_LIGHT1, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+        GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL, GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL};
+
+    private static final AtomicInteger openCaptures = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    private final GLContextState context;
+    private final Matrix4f modelView = new Matrix4f();
+    private final long[] attribWrites = new long[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    private final long[] matrixWrites = new long[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_STACK_DEPTH];
+    private final boolean[] matrixInherited = new boolean[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_STACK_DEPTH];
+    private final ExitState.Values current = new ExitState.Values();
+    private final Reference2LongOpenHashMap<StateSet> restoredFieldsBySet = new Reference2LongOpenHashMap<>();
+    private ExitState result;
+    private int suspended, attribDepth, modelViewDepth, textureDepth, entryOverrides;
+    private int filterTexture, filterMin, filterMag;
+    private float filterAniso;
+    private boolean filterOperation;
+    private boolean textureInherited;
+
+    ExitStateCapture(GLContextState context) {
+        this.context = context;
+    }
+
+    static boolean anyOpen() {
+        return openCaptures.get() != 0;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean blendWritesReachVanilla() {
+        final DeferredBlendHandler handler = GLSMHooks.blendHandler;
+        return handler == null || !handler.isOverrideHeld() || handler.isBlendLocked();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean alphaWritesReachVanilla() {
+        final DeferredAlphaHandler handler = GLSMHooks.alphaHandler;
+        return handler == null || !handler.isOverrideHeld() || handler.isAlphaTestLocked();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean depthColorWritesReachVanilla() {
+        final DeferredDepthColorHandler handler = GLSMHooks.depthColorHandler;
+        return handler == null || !handler.isOverrideHeld() || handler.isDepthColorLocked();
+    }
+
+    private static int overridesInControl() {
+        return (blendWritesReachVanilla() ? 0 : 1) | (alphaWritesReachVanilla() ? 0 : 2) | (depthColorWritesReachVanilla() ? 0 : 4);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean same(int field, ExitState.Values a, ExitState.Values b) {
+        return switch (field) {
+            case COLOR -> a.color.sameAs(b.color);
+            case NORMAL -> a.normal.equals(b.normal);
+            case TEXCOORD -> a.texCoord.equals(b.texCoord);
+            case LIGHTMAP -> a.lightmapX == b.lightmapX && a.lightmapY == b.lightmapY;
+            case OVERLAY_COLOR -> a.overlayColor.equals(b.overlayColor);
+            case BLEND_FUNC -> a.blend.sameAs(b.blend);
+            case ALPHA_FUNC -> a.alpha.sameAs(b.alpha);
+            case DEPTH_FUNC -> a.depthFunction == b.depthFunction;
+            case DEPTH_MASK -> a.depthMask == b.depthMask;
+            case COLOR_MASK -> a.colorMask.sameAs(b.colorMask);
+            case CULL_FACE -> a.cullFace == b.cullFace;
+            case FRONT_FACE -> a.frontFace == b.frontFace;
+            case ACTIVE_UNIT -> a.activeUnit == b.activeUnit;
+            case TEXTURE_BINDING -> a.texture == b.texture;
+            case MATRIX_MODE -> a.matrixMode == b.matrixMode;
+            case TEXTURE_MATRIX -> a.textureMatrix.equals(b.textureMatrix);
+            case COLOR_MATERIAL_SETTINGS -> a.materialFace == b.materialFace && a.materialParameter == b.materialParameter;
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported renderer state dependency " + field);
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static Vector4f vector(MaterialState state, int component) {
+        return switch (component) {
+            case 0 -> state.ambient;
+            case 1 -> state.diffuse;
+            case 2 -> state.specular;
+            default -> state.emission;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static boolean has(ExitState state, int field) {
+        return has(state.writes, field);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean has(long fields, int field) {
+        return (fields & (1L << field)) != 0;
+    }
+
+    private static long bits(int... fields) {
+        long bits = 0;
+        for (int field : fields) bits |= 1L << field;
+        return bits;
+    }
+
+    boolean active() {
+        return result != null && result.valid && suspended == 0 && !context.poppingAttributes && !BatchStateGuard.isSuspended();
+    }
+
+    void suspend() {
+        suspended++;
+    }
+
+    void resume() {
+        if (suspended == 0) throw new IllegalStateException("Exit capture suspension underflow");
+        suspended--;
+    }
+
+    void begin(ExitState out) {
+        out.clear();
+        if (result != null) {
+            result.valid = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        result = out;
+        openCaptures.incrementAndGet();
+        filterTexture = 0;
+        filterOperation = false;
+        out.valid = suspended == 0 && !BatchStateGuard.isSuspended() && GLStateManager.isCachingEnabled() && !DisplayListManager.isRecording() && context.savedFilterTextureId == 0;
+        if (!out.valid) return;
+        out.dependencies = IMPLICIT_INPUTS;
+        capture(out.entry, IMPLICIT_INPUTS | DRAW_INPUTS | MATERIAL_INPUTS | MATERIAL_BAKE_INPUTS | VERTEX_INPUTS | (1L << TEXTURE_MATRIX));
+        textureInherited = true;
+        modelView.set(context.modelViewMatrix);
+        attribDepth = context.attribDepth;
+        modelViewDepth = GLStateManager.getMatrixStackDepth(context.modelViewMatrix);
+        textureDepth = GLStateManager.getMatrixStackDepth(context.textures.getTextureUnitMatrix(0));
+        entryOverrides = overridesInControl();
+    }
+
+    boolean finish(ExitState out) {
+        if (result != out) {
+            out.clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (textureInherited && has(out, TEXTURE_MATRIX)) out.dependencies |= 1L << TEXTURE_MATRIX;
+        result = null;
+        openCaptures.decrementAndGet();
+        if (out.valid) out.valid = suspended == 0 && filterTexture == 0 && stacksMatchEntry() && overridesInControl() == entryOverrides;
+        if (out.valid) {
+            capture(out.value, out.writes);
+            if ((out.writes & (15L << FRONT_AMBIENT)) != 0) out.frontMaterial.set(context.frontMaterial);
+            if ((out.writes & (15L << BACK_AMBIENT)) != 0) out.backMaterial.set(context.backMaterial);
+            out.textureDeleteCount = TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.deleteCount();
+        }
+        filterTexture = 0;
+        return out.valid;
+    }
+
+    private boolean stacksMatchEntry() {
+        return context.attribDepth == attribDepth && GLStateManager.getMatrixStackDepth(context.modelViewMatrix) == modelViewDepth
+            && GLStateManager.getMatrixStackDepth(context.textures.getTextureUnitMatrix(0)) == textureDepth && modelView.equals(context.modelViewMatrix);
+    }
+
+    void cancel() {
+        if (result != null) {
+            result.clear();
+            openCaptures.decrementAndGet();
+        }
+        result = null;
+        filterTexture = 0;
+        filterOperation = false;
+    }
+
+    void reject() {
+        if (active()) result.valid = false;
+    }
+
+    // Callers record before their cache's unchanged-value early return
+    void write(int field) {
+        if (active()) record(field);
+    }
+
+    void writeBlend() {
+        if (active() && blendWritesReachVanilla()) record(ExitStateCapture.BLEND_FUNC);
+    }
+
+    void writeAlpha() {
+        if (active() && alphaWritesReachVanilla()) record(ExitStateCapture.ALPHA_FUNC);
+    }
+
+    void writeDepthColor(int field) {
+        if (active() && depthColorWritesReachVanilla()) record(field);
+    }
+
+    private void record(int field) {
+        result.writes |= 1L << field;
+    }
+
+    void requireDrawState(boolean materialFromState) {
+        if (!active()) return;
+        long fields = (materialFromState ? DRAW_INPUTS | MATERIAL_INPUTS : DRAW_INPUTS) & ~(result.writes | result.dependencies);
+        if ((fields & (1L << BLEND_FUNC)) != 0 && !context.blendMode.isEffectivelyEnabled()) fields &= ~(1L << BLEND_FUNC);
+        if ((fields & (1L << ALPHA_FUNC)) != 0 && !context.alphaTest.isEffectivelyEnabled()) fields &= ~(1L << ALPHA_FUNC);
+        result.dependencies |= fields;
+        if (textureInherited) result.dependencies |= 1L << TEXTURE_MATRIX;
+    }
+
+    void requireMaterialBakeInputs() {
+        if (active()) result.dependencies |= MATERIAL_BAKE_INPUTS & ~result.writes;
+    }
+
+    void requireVertexDefaults(boolean normal, boolean texCoord, boolean color, boolean lightmap) {
+        if (!active()) return;
+        final long fields = (normal ? 1L << NORMAL : 0) | (texCoord ? 1L << TEXCOORD : 0) | (color ? 1L << COLOR : 0) | (lightmap ? 1L << LIGHTMAP : 0);
+        result.dependencies |= fields & ~result.writes;
+    }
+
+    boolean beginTextureFilter(boolean nearest) {
+        if (filterOperationBlocked()) return false;
+        if (!nearest || filterTexture != 0 || context.savedFilterTextureId <= 0 || context.activeTextureUnit.getValue() != 0 || context.savedFilterMin < 0 || context.savedFilterMag < 0 || !(context.savedFilterAniso >= 1)) {
+            reject();
+            return false;
+        }
+        filterTexture = context.savedFilterTextureId;
+        filterMin = context.savedFilterMin;
+        filterMag = context.savedFilterMag;
+        filterAniso = context.savedFilterAniso;
+        startFilterOperation();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void finishTextureFilterSave() {
+        endFilterOperation();
+        if (active() && (savedFilterDiffers() || context.activeTextureUnit.getValue() != 0 || context.textures.getTextureUnitBindings(0).getBinding() != filterTexture || filterDiffersFrom(GL11.GL_NEAREST, GL11.GL_NEAREST, 1))) reject();
+    }
+
+    boolean beginTextureFilterRestore() {
+        if (filterOperationBlocked()) return false;
+        if (savedFilterDiffers()) {
+            reject();
+            return false;
+        }
+        startFilterOperation();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void finishTextureFilterRestore() {
+        endFilterOperation();
+        if (active() && (savedFilterDiffers() || filterDiffersFrom(filterMin, filterMag, filterAniso))) reject();
+        filterTexture = 0;
+    }
+
+    private boolean filterOperationBlocked() {
+        if (filterOperation) {
+            failTextureFilter();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return !active();
+    }
+
+    private void startFilterOperation() {
+        filterOperation = true;
+        suspend();
+    }
+
+    private void endFilterOperation() {
+        resume();
+        filterOperation = false;
+    }
+
+    void failTextureFilter() {
+        if (result != null) result.valid = false;
+    }
+
+    void requireTextureFilter(int texture, boolean nearest) {
+        if (filterTexture != 0 && texture == filterTexture && !nearest && active()) reject();
+    }
+
+    private boolean savedFilterDiffers() {
+        return filterTexture == 0 || context.savedFilterTextureId != filterTexture || context.savedFilterMin != filterMin || context.savedFilterMag != filterMag || context.savedFilterAniso != filterAniso;
+    }
+
+    private boolean filterDiffersFrom(int min, int mag, float aniso) {
+        final TextureInfo info = TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.getInfo(filterTexture);
+        return info == null || info.getMinFilter() != min || info.getMagFilter() != mag || info.getMaxAnisotropy() != aniso;
+    }
+
+    boolean lightingWritten() {
+        return active() && has(result, LIGHTING);
+    }
+
+    int polygonOffsetWrites() {
+        if (!active()) return 0;
+        return (has(result, OFFSET) ? ExitState.POLYGON_OFFSET_ENABLE_WRITTEN : 0) | (has(result, OFFSET_VALUES) ? ExitState.POLYGON_OFFSET_VALUES_WRITTEN : 0);
+    }
+
+    void capability(int cap, int unit) {
+        if (!active()) return;
+        int field = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < CAPS.length; i++) {
+            if (CAPS[i] == cap) {
+                field = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (field == TEXTURE0) field = unit == 0 ? TEXTURE0 : unit == 1 ? TEXTURE1 : -1;
+        if (field < 0) result.valid = false;
+        else if (field == BLEND ? blendWritesReachVanilla() : field != ALPHA || alphaWritesReachVanilla()) record(field);
+    }
+
+    void material(int face, int parameter) {
+        if (!active()) return;
+        int first = switch (parameter) {
+            case GL11.GL_AMBIENT, GL11.GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE -> 0;
+            case GL11.GL_DIFFUSE -> 1;
+            case GL11.GL_SPECULAR -> 2;
+            case GL11.GL_EMISSION -> 3;
+            default -> -1;
+        };
+        if (first < 0) {
+            result.valid = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (face != GL11.GL_BACK) {
+            record(FRONT_AMBIENT + first);
+            if (parameter == GL11.GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE) record(FRONT_DIFFUSE);
+        }
+        if (face != GL11.GL_FRONT) {
+            record(BACK_AMBIENT + first);
+            if (parameter == GL11.GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE) record(BACK_DIFFUSE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Pushes and pops check result rather than active()
+    void pushAttrib() {
+        if (result == null) return;
+        if (context.attribDepth < attribWrites.length) attribWrites[context.attribDepth] = result.writes;
+        else result.valid = false;
+    }
+
+    void popAttrib(StateSet set) {
+        if (result == null) return;
+        if (context.attribDepth <= attribDepth) {
+            result.valid = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        final long restored = restoredFields(set);
+        result.writes = (result.writes & ~restored) | (attribWrites[context.attribDepth - 1] & restored);
+    }
+
+    private long restoredFields(StateSet set) {
+        long restored = restoredFieldsBySet.getOrDefault(set, -1L);
+        if (restored >= 0) return restored;
+        restored = 0;
+        for (int field = 0; field < FIELD_COUNT; field++) {
+            final CowStateStack<?> stack = stack(field);
+            if (stack != null && set.contains(stack.stackId())) restored |= 1L << field;
+        }
+        restoredFieldsBySet.put(set, restored);
+        return restored;
+    }
+
+    private CowStateStack<?> stack(int field) {
+        return switch (field) {
+            case BLEND -> context.blendMode;
+            case ALPHA -> context.alphaTest;
+            case DEPTH -> context.depthTest;
+            case CULL -> context.cullState;
+            case LIGHTING -> context.lightingState;
+            case NORMALIZE -> context.normalizeState;
+            case RESCALE -> context.rescaleNormalState;
+            case LIGHT0, LIGHT1 -> context.lightStates[field - LIGHT0];
+            case TEXTURE0, TEXTURE1 -> context.textures.getTextureUnitStates(field - TEXTURE0);
+            case OFFSET -> context.polygonOffsetFillState;
+            case COLOR_MATERIAL -> context.colorMaterial;
+            case COLOR -> context.color;
+            case NORMAL -> context.ffp.normalStack;
+            case TEXCOORD -> context.ffp.texCoordStack;
+            case BLEND_FUNC -> context.blendState;
+            case ALPHA_FUNC -> context.alphaState;
+            case DEPTH_FUNC, DEPTH_MASK -> context.depthState;
+            case COLOR_MASK -> context.colorMask;
+            case CULL_FACE, FRONT_FACE, OFFSET_VALUES -> context.polygonState;
+            case SHADE_MODEL -> context.shadeModelState;
+            case ACTIVE_UNIT -> context.activeTextureUnit;
+            case TEXTURE_BINDING -> context.textures.getTextureUnitBindings(0);
+            case MATRIX_MODE -> context.matrixMode;
+            // Face and parameter are restored together (GL_LIGHTING_BIT and the batch set hold both).
+            case COLOR_MATERIAL_SETTINGS -> context.colorMaterialFace;
+            case FRONT_AMBIENT, FRONT_DIFFUSE, FRONT_SPECULAR, FRONT_EMISSION -> context.frontMaterial;
+            case BACK_AMBIENT, BACK_DIFFUSE, BACK_SPECULAR, BACK_EMISSION -> context.backMaterial;
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    void matrixChange(boolean absolute) {
+        if (result == null) return;
+        final int mode = context.matrixMode.getMode();
+        if ((absolute || mode != GL11.GL_MODELVIEW) && active()) recordMatrixChange(mode, context.activeTextureUnit.getValue(), absolute);
+    }
+
+    void matrixChange(int mode, int unit, boolean absolute) {
+        if (active()) recordMatrixChange(mode, unit, absolute);
+    }
+
+    private void recordMatrixChange(int mode, int unit, boolean absolute) {
+        if (mode == GL11.GL_MODELVIEW) {
+            if (absolute) result.valid = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (mode != GL11.GL_TEXTURE || unit != 0) {
+            result.valid = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        record(TEXTURE_MATRIX);
+        if (absolute) textureInherited = false;
+    }
+
+    void pushMatrix() {
+        if (result == null) return;
+        final int mode = context.matrixMode.getMode();
+        if (mode == GL11.GL_TEXTURE && context.activeTextureUnit.getValue() == 0) {
+            final int depth = GLStateManager.getMatrixStackDepth(context.textures.getTextureUnitMatrix(0));
+            if (depth < matrixWrites.length) {
+                matrixWrites[depth] = result.writes;
+                matrixInherited[depth] = textureInherited;
+            } else {
+                result.valid = false;
+            }
+        } else if (mode != GL11.GL_MODELVIEW) {
+            reject();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void popMatrix() {
+        if (result == null) return;
+        final int mode = context.matrixMode.getMode();
+        final boolean texture = mode == GL11.GL_TEXTURE && context.activeTextureUnit.getValue() == 0;
+        final Matrix4fStack matrix;
+        final int entryDepth;
+        if (mode == GL11.GL_MODELVIEW) {
+            matrix = context.modelViewMatrix;
+            entryDepth = modelViewDepth;
+        } else if (texture) {
+            matrix = context.textures.getTextureUnitMatrix(0);
+            entryDepth = textureDepth;
+        } else {
+            reject();
+            return;
+        }
+        final int depth = GLStateManager.getMatrixStackDepth(matrix);
+        if (depth <= entryDepth) {
+            result.valid = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (texture) {
+            final long bit = 1L << TEXTURE_MATRIX;
+            result.writes = (result.writes & ~bit) | (matrixWrites[depth - 1] & bit);
+            textureInherited = matrixInherited[depth - 1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void capture(ExitState.Values out, long fields) {
+        out.enabled = 0;
+        for (int field = 0; field < CAPS.length; field++) {
+            if (has(fields, field) && ((BooleanStateStack) Objects.requireNonNull(stack(field))).isEffectivelyEnabled()) out.enabled |= 1L << field;
+        }
+        if (has(fields, COLOR)) out.color.set(context.color);
+        if (has(fields, NORMAL)) out.normal.set(context.ffp.currentNormal);
+        if (has(fields, TEXCOORD)) out.texCoord.set(context.ffp.currentTexCoords[0]);
+        if (has(fields, LIGHTMAP)) {
+            out.lightmapX = context.lastBrightnessX;
+            out.lightmapY = context.lastBrightnessY;
+        }
+        if (has(fields, SHADER_COLOR)) out.shaderColor.set(context.shaderColorR, context.shaderColorG, context.shaderColorB, context.shaderColorA);
+        if (has(fields, OVERLAY_COLOR)) out.overlayColor.set(context.overlayR, context.overlayG, context.overlayB, context.overlayA);
+        if (has(fields, BLEND_FUNC)) context.blendState.readEffective(out.blend);
+        if (has(fields, ALPHA_FUNC)) context.alphaState.readEffective(out.alpha);
+        if (has(fields, COLOR_MASK)) context.colorMask.readEffective(out.colorMask);
+        if (has(fields, DEPTH_FUNC)) out.depthFunction = context.depthState.getFunc();
+        if (has(fields, DEPTH_MASK)) out.depthMask = context.depthState.isEffectiveMaskEnabled();
+        if (has(fields, CULL_FACE)) out.cullFace = context.polygonState.getCullFaceMode();
+        if (has(fields, FRONT_FACE)) out.frontFace = context.polygonState.getFrontFace();
+        if (has(fields, OFFSET_VALUES)) {
+            out.offsetFactor = context.polygonState.getOffsetFactor();
+            out.offsetUnits = context.polygonState.getOffsetUnits();
+            out.offsetClamp = context.polygonState.getOffsetClamp();
+        }
+        if (has(fields, SHADE_MODEL)) out.shadeModel = context.shadeModelState.getValue();
+        if (has(fields, ACTIVE_UNIT)) out.activeUnit = context.activeTextureUnit.getValue();
+        if (has(fields, CLIENT_ACTIVE_UNIT)) out.clientActiveUnit = context.clientActiveTextureUnit;
+        if (has(fields, MATRIX_MODE)) out.matrixMode = context.matrixMode.getMode();
+        if (has(fields, TEXTURE_BINDING)) out.texture = context.textures.getTextureUnitBindings(0).getBinding();
+        if (has(fields, TEXTURE_MATRIX)) out.textureMatrix.set(context.textures.getTextureUnitMatrix(0));
+        if (has(fields, COLOR_MATERIAL_SETTINGS)) {
+            out.materialFace = context.colorMaterialFace.getValue();
+            out.materialParameter = context.colorMaterialParameter.getValue();
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean canApply(ExitState in) {
+        if (!in.valid || result != null || !GLStateManager.isCachingEnabled() || DisplayListManager.isRecording() || context.savedFilterTextureId != 0) return false;
+        if (in.textureDeleteCount != TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.deleteCount()) return false;
+        capture(current, in.dependencies);
+        if (((current.enabled ^ in.entry.enabled) & in.dependencies & ((1L << CAPS.length) - 1)) != 0) return false;
+        long remaining = in.dependencies & -(1L << CAPS.length);
+        while (remaining != 0) {
+            final int field = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(remaining);
+            if (!same(field, in.entry, current)) return false;
+            remaining &= remaining - 1;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void apply(ExitState state) {
+        if (!state.valid) throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid renderer exit state");
+        if (result != null) throw new IllegalStateException("Exit state applied while a capture is open");
+        final ExitState.Values in = state.value;
+        final long fields = state.writes;
+        final int liveUnit = context.activeTextureUnit.getValue();
+        // Capabilities go first so the glColor4f below bakes into the material only if color material is on at exit.
+        for (int field = 0; field < CAPS.length; field++) {
+            if (!has(fields, field)) continue;
+            if (field == TEXTURE0 || field == TEXTURE1) GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + field - TEXTURE0);
+            // glEnable would bake the live color, not the exit color, into the material.
+            if (field == COLOR_MATERIAL) {
+                context.colorMaterial.setEnabled((in.enabled & (1L << field)) != 0);
+            } else if ((in.enabled & (1L << field)) != 0) GLStateManager.glEnable(CAPS[field]);
+            else GLStateManager.glDisable(CAPS[field]);
+        }
+        if (has(fields, COLOR)) GLStateManager.glColor4f(in.color.getRed(), in.color.getGreen(), in.color.getBlue(), in.color.getAlpha());
+        if (has(fields, NORMAL)) GLStateManager.glNormal3f(in.normal.x, in.normal.y, in.normal.z);
+        if (has(fields, TEXCOORD)) GLStateManager.glTexCoord4f(in.texCoord.x, in.texCoord.y, in.texCoord.z, in.texCoord.w);
+        if (has(fields, LIGHTMAP)) GLStateManager.setLightmapTextureCoords(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1, in.lightmapX, in.lightmapY);
+        if (has(fields, SHADER_COLOR)) GLStateManager.setShaderColor(in.shaderColor.x, in.shaderColor.y, in.shaderColor.z, in.shaderColor.w);
+        if (has(fields, OVERLAY_COLOR)) GLStateManager.setOverlayColor(in.overlayColor.x, in.overlayColor.y, in.overlayColor.z, in.overlayColor.w);
+        if (has(fields, BLEND_FUNC)) GLStateManager.tryBlendFuncSeparate(in.blend.getSrcRgb(), in.blend.getDstRgb(), in.blend.getSrcAlpha(), in.blend.getDstAlpha());
+        if (has(fields, ALPHA_FUNC)) GLStateManager.glAlphaFunc(in.alpha.getFunction(), in.alpha.getReference());
+        if (has(fields, DEPTH_FUNC)) GLStateManager.glDepthFunc(in.depthFunction);
+        if (has(fields, DEPTH_MASK)) GLStateManager.glDepthMask(in.depthMask);
+        if (has(fields, COLOR_MASK)) GLStateManager.glColorMask(in.colorMask.red, in.colorMask.green, in.colorMask.blue, in.colorMask.alpha);
+        if (has(fields, CULL_FACE)) GLStateManager.glCullFace(in.cullFace);
+        if (has(fields, FRONT_FACE)) GLStateManager.glFrontFace(in.frontFace);
+        if (has(fields, SHADE_MODEL)) GLStateManager.glShadeModel(in.shadeModel);
+        if (has(fields, OFFSET_VALUES)) GLStateManager.glPolygonOffsetClamp(in.offsetFactor, in.offsetUnits, in.offsetClamp);
+        if (has(fields, TEXTURE_BINDING)) {
+            GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, in.texture);
+        }
+        if (has(fields, TEXTURE_MATRIX)) GLStateManager.setTextureMatrix(0, in.textureMatrix);
+        if (has(fields, COLOR_MATERIAL_SETTINGS)) GLStateManager.glColorMaterial(in.materialFace, in.materialParameter);
+        boolean materialChanged = false;
+        for (int field = FRONT_AMBIENT; field <= BACK_EMISSION; field++) {
+            if (!has(fields, field)) continue;
+            final boolean front = field < BACK_AMBIENT;
+            final int component = (field - FRONT_AMBIENT) & 3;
+            final Vector4f source = vector(front ? state.frontMaterial : state.backMaterial, component);
+            final var target = front ? context.frontMaterial : context.backMaterial;
+            if (vector(target, component).equals(source)) continue;
+            target.beforeModify();
+            vector(target, component).set(source);
+            materialChanged = true;
+        }
+        if (materialChanged) context.lightingGeneration++;
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + (has(fields, ACTIVE_UNIT) ? in.activeUnit : liveUnit));
+        if (has(fields, CLIENT_ACTIVE_UNIT)) GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + in.clientActiveUnit);
+        if (has(fields, MATRIX_MODE)) GLStateManager.glMatrixMode(in.matrixMode);
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/Feature.java

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ public class Feature {
             , GLStateManager.getSecondaryColor() // Current secondary color
             , ShaderManager.getNormalStack()    // Current normal vector
             , ShaderManager.getTexCoordStack()  // Current texture coordinates
+            , GLStateManager.getEdgeFlagState()
             // Current color index
             // Current raster position
             // GL_CURRENT_RASTER_POSITION_VALID flag
@@ -158,6 +159,8 @@ public class Feature {
             , GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetPointState()
             , GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetLineState()
             , GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetFillState()
+            , GLStateManager.getPointSpriteState()
+            , GLStateManager.getVertexProgramTwoSideState()
             , GLStateManager.getPolygonSmoothState()
             , GLStateManager.getPolygonStippleState()
             , GLStateManager.getRescaleNormalState()
@@ -178,6 +181,7 @@ public class Feature {
             enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture1DStates(i));
             enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i));
             enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture3DStates(i));
+            enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureCubeMapStates(i));
         }
 
         // Flags GL_TEXTURE_GEN_x where x is S, T, R, or Q
@@ -216,13 +220,7 @@ public class Feature {
                                        // ^^ GL_FOG_MODE value
         ));
         attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_HINT_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
-            // GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT setting
-            // GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT setting
-            // GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT setting
-            // GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT setting
-            // GL_FOG_HINT setting
-            // GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP_HINT setting
-            // GL_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_HINT setting
+            GLStateManager.getHintState()
         ));
         attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_LIGHTING_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
             GLStateManager.getColorMaterial()
@@ -286,6 +284,7 @@ public class Feature {
         ));
         attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_POINT_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
               GLStateManager.getPointSmoothState()
+            , GLStateManager.getPointSpriteState()
             , GLStateManager.getPointState()
         ));
         attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_POLYGON_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
@@ -328,6 +327,10 @@ public class Feature {
         for(int i = 0 ; i < GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS; i++) {
             textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(i));
             textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexEnvState(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture1DStates(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture3DStates(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureCubeMapStates(i));
         }
 
         // Enable bits GL_TEXTURE_GEN_x where x is S, T, R, or Q

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/FeedbackManager.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.ImmediateModeRecorder;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ViewportState;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     public static void processDrawArrays(int mode, int first, int count) {
         computeMVP();
         final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+        if (!glCtx.vaos.isAttribEnabled(0)) return;
         final int stride = positionStride(glCtx);
         final long posOffset = positionOffset(glCtx);
         final int byteCount = count * stride;
@@ -154,6 +156,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     public static void processDrawElements(int mode, int indexCount, int type, long eboOffset) {
         computeMVP();
         final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+        if (!glCtx.vaos.isAttribEnabled(0)) return;
         final int stride = positionStride(glCtx);
 
         final int elementSize = GLTypes.sizeBytes(type);
@@ -210,6 +213,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     private static void processDrawElementsImpl(int mode, int count, IndexReader reader) {
         computeMVP();
         final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+        if (!glCtx.vaos.isAttribEnabled(0)) return;
         final int stride = positionStride(glCtx);
 
         int minIdx = Integer.MAX_VALUE, maxIdx = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
@@ -261,6 +265,14 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     }
 
     private static void readPositionBuffer(long offset, ByteBuffer destination, GLContextState glCtx) {
+        final VAOManager.Attrib position = glCtx.vaos.attrib(0);
+        if (position != null && position.clientPointer != null) {
+            final ByteBuffer source = position.clientPointer.duplicate();
+            source.position(source.position() + (int) offset);
+            if (source.remaining() > destination.remaining()) source.limit(source.position() + destination.remaining());
+            destination.duplicate().put(source);
+            return;
+        }
         final int positionVbo = glCtx.vaos.attribVBO(0);
         final int previousVbo = glCtx.boundVBO;
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLContextState.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.stacks.IStateStack;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.AlphaStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.BlendStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.BooleanStateStack;
@@ -30,10 +31,11 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.AlphaState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.BlendState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ClipPlaneState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.Color4;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ImageUnitArray;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.SamplerUnitArray;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureUnitArray;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.InstancedAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.Instancing;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL14;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
 
 import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public class GLContextState {
+    final ExitStateCapture exitCapture = new ExitStateCapture(this);
     private final List<IStateStack<?>> allStacksBuilder = new ArrayList<>();
     public IStateStack<?>[] allStacks;
     final List<BooleanStateStack> allBooleanStates = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -103,6 +107,8 @@ public class GLContextState {
     public boolean dirtyNormalAttrib;
     public boolean dirtyTexCoordAttrib;
     public boolean dirtyLightmapAttrib = true;
+    public long entityIds = InstancedAttribs.DEFAULT_ENTITY_IDS;
+    public boolean dirtyEntityIdsAttrib = true;
     public boolean unit23TexCoordSetDuringDraw = false;
     public int maxBoundTextureUnit = 0;
     public int maxBoundImageUnit = 0;
@@ -169,6 +175,9 @@ public class GLContextState {
     public final BooleanStateStack lineSmoothState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_LINE_SMOOTH));
     public final BooleanStateStack lineStippleState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE, false, true));
     public final BooleanStateStack pointSmoothState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POINT_SMOOTH, false, true));
+    public final BooleanStateStack pointSpriteState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL20.GL_POINT_SPRITE, false, true));
+    public final BooleanStateStack vertexProgramTwoSideState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL20.GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_TWO_SIDE, false, true));
+    public final BooleanStateStack edgeFlagState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG, true, true));
     public final BooleanStateStack polygonSmoothState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH));
     public final BooleanStateStack polygonStippleState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POLYGON_STIPPLE, false, true));
     public final BooleanStateStack multisampleState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL13.GL_MULTISAMPLE, true));
@@ -182,6 +191,7 @@ public class GLContextState {
     public final BooleanStateStack polygonOffsetFillState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL));
     public final LineStateStack lineState = member(new LineStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
     public final PointStateStack pointState = member(new PointStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
+    public final IntegerStateStack hintState = member(new IntegerStateStack(0, StackIdAllocator.nextId()).restoreBit(StateSet.R_HINT));
     public final PolygonStateStack polygonState = member(new PolygonStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
     public final StencilStateStack stencilState = member(new StencilStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
     public int stencilBitMask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
@@ -231,9 +241,16 @@ public class GLContextState {
     public int boundCopyReadBuffer;
     public int boundCopyWriteBuffer;
     public final Int2IntMap boundOtherBuffers = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();
-    public PixelUnpackState pixelUnpackState = PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT;
-    public final int[] clientAttribSavedTextureUnit = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-    public final int[] clientAttribSavedVertexFlags = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final int[] uniformBufferBindings = new int[GLStateManager.INDEXED_BUFFER_SLOTS];
+    public final int[] storageBufferBindings = new int[GLStateManager.INDEXED_BUFFER_SLOTS];
+    public PixelStoreState pixelUnpackState = PixelStoreState.DEFAULT;
+    public PixelStoreState pixelPackState = PixelStoreState.DEFAULT;
+    public final int[] clientAttribSavedMask = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final PixelStoreState[] clientAttribSavedPixelUnpack = new PixelStoreState[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final PixelStoreState[] clientAttribSavedPixelPack = new PixelStoreState[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final int[] clientAttribSavedUnpackBuffer = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final int[] clientAttribSavedPackBuffer = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final VAOManager.ClientArrays[] clientAttribSavedArrays = new VAOManager.ClientArrays[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
     public int clientAttribStackPointer = 0;
     public int restoreChangedMask;
     public long restoreUnitChangedMask;
@@ -242,6 +259,7 @@ public class GLContextState {
     public boolean vanillaBlendEnabledBefore;
     public int drawFramebuffer = 0;
     public int readFramebuffer = 0;
+    public final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<int[]> framebufferTextures = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
     public int texGenGeneration;
     public int defaultVAO;
     public final VAOManager vaos = new VAOManager();
@@ -255,8 +273,9 @@ public class GLContextState {
     public int savedFilterMin = -1;
     public int savedFilterMag = -1;
     public float savedFilterAniso = -1.0f;
-    public boolean wideLineEmulationActive = false;
+    public boolean lineQuadsActive = false;
     public boolean lineStippleActive = false;
+    public int textureSupersamplingSamples = 1;
     public Instancing ffpInstancing = Instancing.NONE;
     public float lastBrightnessX;
     public float lastBrightnessY;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GlslTransformUtils.java

@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.BailErrorStrategy;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.BufferedTokenStream;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CharStreams;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CommonToken;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CommonTokenStream;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.DefaultErrorStrategy;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Parser;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.WritableToken;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.atn.PredictionMode;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.misc.ParseCancellationException;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLLexer;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLPreParser;
 
-import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
@@ -72,6 +76,10 @@ public class GlslTransformUtils {
     }
 
     public static String renameReservedWords(String source, int targetVersion) {
+        if (!containsWholeWord(source, "sample") && !containsWholeWord(source, "new")
+            && (targetVersion < 400 || !containsWholeWord(source, "sampler"))) {
+            return source;
+        }
         for (var entry : VERSIONED_RESERVED_WORDS.entrySet()) {
             // Rename identifiers that become reserved words at or above this GLSL version
             if (targetVersion >= entry.getKey()) {
@@ -83,6 +91,23 @@ public class GlslTransformUtils {
         return source;
     }
 
+    static boolean containsWholeWord(String source, String word) {
+        int from = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            final int match = source.indexOf(word, from);
+            if (match < 0) return false;
+            final int end = match + word.length();
+            if ((match == 0 || !isAsciiWordChar(source.charAt(match - 1))) && (end == source.length() || !isAsciiWordChar(source.charAt(end)))) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            from = match + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAsciiWordChar(char c) {
+        return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '_';
+    }
+
     public static String restoreReservedWords(String source) {
         source = source.replace(RENAMED_PREFIX + "texture", "texture");
         source = source.replace(RENAMED_PREFIX + "sampler", "sampler");
@@ -110,72 +135,35 @@ public class GlslTransformUtils {
     public record QuietParse(GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext full, GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre) {}
 
     public static GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext parseFullQuiet(String source) {
-        final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
-        lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final GLSLParser parser = new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
-        parser.removeErrorListeners();
-        parser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        return parser.translation_unit();
-    }
-
-    public static GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext parsePreQuiet(String source) {
-        final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
-        lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final GLSLPreParser preParser = new GLSLPreParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer, GLSLLexer.DIRECTIVES));
-        preParser.removeErrorListeners();
-        preParser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        return preParser.translation_unit();
+        return parseQuiet(new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(quietLexer(source))), GLSLParser::translation_unit);
     }
 
     public static QuietParse parseBothQuiet(String source) {
-        final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
-        lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final GLSLPreParser preParser = new GLSLPreParser(new BufferedTokenStream(lexer));
-        preParser.removeErrorListeners();
-        preParser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        final GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre = preParser.translation_unit();
+        final GLSLLexer lexer = quietLexer(source);
+        final GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre = parseQuiet(new GLSLPreParser(new BufferedTokenStream(lexer)), GLSLPreParser::translation_unit);
         lexer.reset();
-        final GLSLParser parser = new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
-        parser.removeErrorListeners();
-        parser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        return new QuietParse(parser.translation_unit(), pre);
+        return new QuietParse(parseQuiet(new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer)), GLSLParser::translation_unit), pre);
     }
 
-    public static Set<String> identifiersInDirectiveText(String source) {
+    private static <P extends Parser, T> T parseQuiet(P parser, Function<P, T> rule) {
+        parser.removeErrorListeners();
+        parser.setErrorHandler(new BailErrorStrategy());
+        parser.getInterpreter().setPredictionMode(PredictionMode.SLL);
+        try {
+            return rule.apply(parser);
+        } catch (ParseCancellationException e) {
+            // Rewinds the token stream, which keeps every token SLL already pulled from the lexer.
+            parser.reset();
+            parser.setErrorHandler(new DefaultErrorStrategy());
+            parser.getInterpreter().setPredictionMode(PredictionMode.LL);
+            return rule.apply(parser);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static GLSLLexer quietLexer(String source) {
         final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
         lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final BufferedTokenStream tokens = new BufferedTokenStream(lexer);
-        tokens.fill();
-
-        final Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
-        for (Token token : tokens.getTokens()) {
-            switch (token.getType()) {
-                case GLSLLexer.PROGRAM_TEXT, GLSLLexer.MACRO_TEXT, GLSLLexer.CONSTANT_EXPRESSION -> collectIdentifiers(token.getText(), names);
-                default -> { }
-            }
-        }
-        return names;
-    }
-
-    private static void collectIdentifiers(String text, Set<String> out) {
-        if (text == null) return;
-        final int len = text.length();
-        int i = 0;
-        while (i < len) {
-            final char c = text.charAt(i);
-            if (c != '_' && !Character.isLetter(c)) {
-                i++;
-                continue;
-            }
-            int end = i + 1;
-            while (end < len) {
-                final char n = text.charAt(end);
-                if (n != '_' && !Character.isLetterOrDigit(n)) break;
-                end++;
-            }
-            out.add(text.substring(i, end));
-            i = end;
-        }
+        return lexer;
     }
 
     public static String getFormattedShader(ParseTree tree, String header) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/LTWWorkaround.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ public final class LTWWorkaround {
             oneTexel = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4);
         }
         oneTexel.clear();
-        GLStateManager.forcePixelUnpackState(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT);
+        GLStateManager.forcePixelUnpackState(PixelStoreState.DEFAULT);
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
         RENDER_BACKEND.texSubImage2D(target, level, 0, 0, 1, 1, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, oneTexel);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
-        GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackState(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT);
+        GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackState(PixelStoreState.DEFAULT);
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/LegacyQueries.java

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL14;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+
+final class LegacyQueries {
+
+    static final int BOOL = 1;
+    static final int INT = 2;
+    static final int FLOAT = 3;
+    static final int FLOATN = 4;
+
+    private static final int COUNT_SHIFT = 3;
+
+    private LegacyQueries() {}
+
+    static int desc(int pname) {
+        return switch (pname) {
+            case GL11.GL_ALPHA_TEST, GL11.GL_AUTO_NORMAL, GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL, GL14.GL_COLOR_SUM, GL11.GL_FOG,
+                 GL11.GL_INDEX_LOGIC_OP, GL11.GL_LIGHTING, GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_LIGHT1, GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_LIGHT3,
+                 GL11.GL_LIGHT4, GL11.GL_LIGHT5, GL11.GL_LIGHT6, GL11.GL_LIGHT7, GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE, GL11.GL_MAP1_COLOR_4,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP1_INDEX, GL11.GL_MAP1_NORMAL, GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_1, GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_2,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_3, GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_4, GL11.GL_MAP1_VERTEX_3, GL11.GL_MAP1_VERTEX_4,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP2_COLOR_4, GL11.GL_MAP2_INDEX, GL11.GL_MAP2_NORMAL, GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_1,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2, GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_3, GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_4,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP2_VERTEX_3, GL11.GL_MAP2_VERTEX_4, GL11.GL_NORMALIZE, GL11.GL_POINT_SMOOTH,
+                 GL11.GL_POLYGON_STIPPLE, GL12.GL_RESCALE_NORMAL, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D,
+                 GL13.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R,
+                 GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_Q, GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_LOCAL_VIEWER, GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE,
+                 GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY,
+                 GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY, GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY,
+                 GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG, GL20.GL_POINT_SPRITE, GL20.GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_TWO_SIDE -> BOOL;
+            case GL11.GL_ALPHA_TEST_FUNC, GL11.GL_LIST_BASE, GL11.GL_MATRIX_MODE, GL11.GL_SHADE_MODEL,
+                 GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_FACE, GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_PARAMETER, GL12.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_COLOR_CONTROL,
+                 GL11.GL_FOG_MODE, GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE_PATTERN, GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE_REPEAT, GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE,
+                 GL20.GL_MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS, GL11.GL_RENDER_MODE, GL11.GL_FOG_HINT, GL11.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,
+                 GL11.GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL14.GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP_HINT, GL11.GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL11.GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT,
+                 GL13.GL_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_HINT, GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER_DERIVATIVE_HINT, GL20.GL_POINT_SPRITE_COORD_ORIGIN,
+                 GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_SIZE, GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_SIZE, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_STRIDE,
+                 GL15.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE,
+                 GL15.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_STRIDE,
+                 GL15.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING -> INT;
+            case GL11.GL_FOG_DENSITY, GL11.GL_FOG_START, GL11.GL_FOG_END, GL14.GL_POINT_SIZE_MIN, GL14.GL_POINT_SIZE_MAX,
+                 GL14.GL_POINT_FADE_THRESHOLD_SIZE -> FLOAT;
+            case GL11.GL_ALPHA_TEST_REF -> FLOATN;
+            case GL14.GL_POINT_DISTANCE_ATTENUATION -> FLOAT | 2 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_CURRENT_TEXTURE_COORDS -> FLOAT | 3 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, GL11.GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MATRIX -> FLOATN | 15 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_CURRENT_NORMAL -> FLOATN | 2 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_CURRENT_COLOR, GL14.GL_CURRENT_SECONDARY_COLOR, GL11.GL_FOG_COLOR, GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT -> FLOATN | 3 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    static int type(int desc) {
+        return desc & 7;
+    }
+
+    static int count(int desc) {
+        return (desc >> COUNT_SHIFT) + 1;
+    }
+
+    static int floatToInt(float value) {
+        return (int) (2147483647.0 * value);
+    }
+
+    static int lround(float value) {
+        return value < 0 ? -Math.round(-value) : Math.round(value);
+    }
+
+    static int toInt(int type, float value) {
+        return type == FLOATN ? floatToInt(value) : lround(value);
+    }
+
+    private static FloatBuffer fillScratch(GLContextState glCtx, int pname) {
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = glCtx.queryScratch;
+        scratch.clear();
+        GLStateManager.glGetFloat(pname, scratch);
+        return scratch;
+    }
+
+    private static IllegalStateException uncached(int pname) {
+        return new IllegalStateException("Legacy pname 0x" + Integer.toHexString(pname) + " has no cached answer for its declared type");
+    }
+
+    static int getInteger(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int desc) {
+        final int type = type(desc);
+        if (count(desc) > 1) {
+            return toInt(type, fillScratch(glCtx, pname).get(0));
+        }
+        return switch (type) {
+            case BOOL -> GLStateManager.glGetBoolean(glCtx, pname) ? GL11.GL_TRUE : GL11.GL_FALSE;
+            case FLOAT -> lround(GLStateManager.glGetFloat(glCtx, pname));
+            case FLOATN -> floatToInt(GLStateManager.glGetFloat(glCtx, pname));
+            default -> throw uncached(pname);
+        };
+    }
+
+    static float getFloat(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int desc) {
+        if (count(desc) > 1) {
+            return fillScratch(glCtx, pname).get(0);
+        }
+        return switch (type(desc)) {
+            case BOOL -> GLStateManager.glGetBoolean(glCtx, pname) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            case INT -> (float) GLStateManager.glGetInteger(glCtx, pname);
+            default -> throw uncached(pname);
+        };
+    }
+
+    static boolean getBoolean(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int desc) {
+        if (count(desc) > 1) {
+            return fillScratch(glCtx, pname).get(0) != 0.0f;
+        }
+        return switch (type(desc)) {
+            case INT -> GLStateManager.glGetInteger(glCtx, pname) != 0;
+            case FLOAT, FLOATN -> GLStateManager.glGetFloat(glCtx, pname) != 0.0f;
+            default -> throw uncached(pname);
+        };
+    }
+
+    static boolean getIntegerv(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, IntBuffer params) {
+        final int desc = desc(pname);
+        if (desc == 0) return false;
+        final int pos = params.position();
+        final int type = type(desc);
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = fillScratch(glCtx, pname);
+        for (int i = 0, count = count(desc); i < count; i++) {
+            params.put(pos + i, toInt(type, scratch.get(i)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static boolean getIntegerv(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int[] params) {
+        final int desc = desc(pname);
+        if (desc == 0) return false;
+        final int type = type(desc);
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = fillScratch(glCtx, pname);
+        for (int i = 0, count = Math.min(count(desc), params.length); i < count; i++) {
+            params[i] = toInt(type, scratch.get(i));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static boolean getBooleanv(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, ByteBuffer params) {
+        final int desc = desc(pname);
+        if (desc == 0) return false;
+        final int pos = params.position();
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = fillScratch(glCtx, pname);
+        for (int i = 0, count = count(desc); i < count; i++) {
+            params.put(pos + i, (byte) (scratch.get(i) != 0.0f ? GL11.GL_TRUE : GL11.GL_FALSE));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     private static boolean supportsMultiDrawIndirect;
     private static boolean supportsBufferStorage;
     private static boolean supportsClearTexture;
+    private static boolean supportsStencilTexturing;
+    private static boolean supportsTextureStorage;
     private static boolean supportsTesselation;
     private static boolean supportsSamplerObjects;
     private static boolean supportsProgramBinary;
@@ -128,6 +130,8 @@ public class RenderSystem {
         supportsMultiDrawIndirect = GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL43 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect;
         supportsBufferStorage = !isGLES && (GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL44 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_buffer_storage);
         supportsClearTexture = GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL44 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_clear_texture;
+        supportsStencilTexturing = GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL43 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_stencil_texturing;
+        supportsTextureStorage = isGLES ? glesVersion >= 300 : GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL42 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_texture_storage;
         hasClipCullDistance = !isGLES || hasExtension("GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance");
 
         // Cache maximum image units
@@ -154,8 +158,8 @@ public class RenderSystem {
             maxSSBOBindings = 0;
         }
 
-        // Check for sampler objects support (GL 3.3+ or ARB extension)
-        supportsSamplerObjects = GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL33 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_sampler_objects;
+        supportsSamplerObjects = isGLES ? glesVersion >= 300
+            : GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL33 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_sampler_objects;
         if (supportsSamplerObjects) {
             maxCombinedTextureImageUnits = RENDER_BACKEND.getInteger(GL20.GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS);
         }
@@ -194,14 +198,17 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static void generateMipmaps(int texture, int mipmapTarget) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.generateMipmaps(texture, mipmapTarget);
     }
 
     public static void bindAttributeLocation(int program, int index, CharSequence name) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.bindAttribLocation(program, index, name);
     }
 
     public static void texImage2D(int texture, int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         final GLStateManager.GLESTexImageRemap remap = GLStateManager.remapTexImageForGLES(internalformat, format, type);
         internalformat = remap.internalFormat();
         format = remap.format();
@@ -216,6 +223,7 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static void uniformMatrix4fv(int location, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer matrix) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(location, transpose, matrix);
     }
 
@@ -224,118 +232,151 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static void uniform1f(int location, float v0) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniform1f(location, v0);
     }
 
     public static void uniform1i(int location, int v0) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniform1i(location, v0);
     }
 
     public static void uniform2f(int location, float v0, float v1) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniform2f(location, v0, v1);
     }
 
     public static void uniform2i(int location, int v0, int v1) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniform2i(location, v0, v1);
     }
 
     public static void uniform3f(int location, float v0, float v1, float v2) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniform3f(location, v0, v1, v2);
     }
 
-    public static void uniform3i(int location, int v0, int v1, int v2) {RENDER_BACKEND.uniform3i(location, v0, v1, v2);}
+    public static void uniform3i(int location, int v0, int v1, int v2) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
+        RENDER_BACKEND.uniform3i(location, v0, v1, v2);
+    }
 
     public static void uniform4f(int location, float v0, float v1, float v2, float v3) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniform4f(location, v0, v1, v2, v3);
     }
 
     public static void uniform4i(int location, int v0, int v1, int v2, int v3) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.uniform4i(location, v0, v1, v2, v3);
     }
 
     public static int getAttribLocation(int programId, String name) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return RENDER_BACKEND.getAttribLocation(programId, name);
     }
 
     public static int getUniformLocation(int programId, String name) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return RENDER_BACKEND.getUniformLocation(programId, name);
     }
 
     public static void texParameteriv(int texture, int target, int pname, IntBuffer params) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.texParameteriv(texture, target, pname, params);
     }
 
     public static void copyTexSubImage2D(int destTexture, int target, int i, int i1, int i2, int i3, int i4, int width, int height) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.copyTexSubImage2D(destTexture, target, i, i1, i2, i3, i4, width, height);
+        if (i == 0) TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.onContentsChanged(destTexture);
     }
 
     public static void texParameteri(int texture, int target, int pname, int param) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.texParameteri(texture, target, pname, param);
     }
 
     public static void texParameterf(int texture, int target, int pname, float param) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.texParameterf(texture, target, pname, param);
     }
 
     public static void textureImage2D(int texture, int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, ByteBuffer pixels) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
         dsaState.textureImage2D(texture, target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, pixels);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
+        TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.onTextureImage2D(texture, target, level, internalformat, width, height);
     }
 
     public static void textureImage2D(int texture, int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, IntBuffer pixels) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
         dsaState.textureImage2D(texture, target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, pixels);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
+        TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.onTextureImage2D(texture, target, level, internalformat, width, height);
     }
 
     public static void textureSubImage2D(int texture, int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, ByteBuffer pixels) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
         dsaState.textureSubImage2D(texture, target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, pixels);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
+        if (level == 0) TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.onContentsChanged(texture);
     }
 
     public static void textureSubImage2D(int texture, int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, IntBuffer pixels) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
         dsaState.textureSubImage2D(texture, target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, pixels);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
+        if (level == 0) TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.onContentsChanged(texture);
     }
 
     public static void texImage1D(int texture, int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int border, int format, int type, ByteBuffer pixels) {
-        RENDER_BACKEND.bindTexture(target, texture);
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(target, texture);
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
         RENDER_BACKEND.texImage1D(target, level, internalformat, width, border, format, type, pixels);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
     }
 
     public static void texImage3D(int texture, int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int depth, int border, int format, int type, ByteBuffer pixels) {
-        RENDER_BACKEND.bindTexture(target, texture);
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(target, texture);
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
         RENDER_BACKEND.texImage3D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, depth, border, format, type, pixels);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
     }
 
     public static String getProgramInfoLog(int program) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return RENDER_BACKEND.getProgramInfoLog(program, RENDER_BACKEND.getProgrami(program, GL20.GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH));
     }
 
     public static String getShaderInfoLog(int shader) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return RENDER_BACKEND.getShaderInfoLog(shader, RENDER_BACKEND.getShaderi(shader, GL20.GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH));
     }
 
     public static void drawBuffers(int framebuffer, IntBuffer buffers) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.drawBuffers(framebuffer, buffers);
     }
 
     public static void readBuffer(int framebuffer, int buffer) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.readBuffer(framebuffer, buffer);
     }
 
     public static String getActiveUniform(int program, int index, int maxLength, IntBuffer sizeType) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return RENDER_BACKEND.getActiveUniform(program, index, maxLength, sizeType);
     }
 
     public static void readPixels(int x, int y, int width, int height, int format, int type, FloatBuffer pixels) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         GLStateManager.suspendPixelPackBuffer();
         RENDER_BACKEND.readPixels(x, y, width, height, format, type, pixels);
         GLStateManager.restorePixelPackBuffer();
@@ -346,30 +387,37 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static int bufferStorage(int target, FloatBuffer data, int usage) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return dsaState.bufferStorage(target, data, usage);
     }
 
     public static void vertexAttrib4f(int index, float v0, float v1, float v2, float v3) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttrib4f(index, v0, v1, v2, v3);
     }
 
     public static void detachShader(int program, int shader) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.detachShader(program, shader);
     }
 
     public static void framebufferTexture2D(int fb, int fbtarget, int attachment, int target, int texture, int levels) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         dsaState.framebufferTexture2D(fb, fbtarget, attachment, target, texture, levels);
     }
 
     public static int getTexParameteri(int texture, int target, int pname) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return dsaState.getTexParameteri(texture, target, pname);
     }
 
     public static float getTexParameterf(int texture, int target, int pname) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return dsaState.getTexParameterf(texture, target, pname);
     }
 
     public static int getTexLevelParameteri(int texture, int level, int pname) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return dsaState.getTexLevelParameteri(texture, level, pname);
     }
 
@@ -453,23 +501,34 @@ public class RenderSystem {
         return supportsClearTexture;
     }
 
+    public static boolean supportsStencilTexturing() {
+        return supportsStencilTexturing;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean supportsTextureStorage() {
+        return supportsTextureStorage;
+    }
+
     public static int getMaxSSBOBindings() {
         return maxSSBOBindings;
     }
 
     public static void getProgramiv(int program, int value, IntBuffer storage) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.getProgramiv(program, value, storage);
     }
 
     public static void dispatchCompute(int workX, int workY, int workZ) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.dispatchCompute(workX, workY, workZ);
     }
 
     public static void dispatchCompute(Vector3i workGroups) {
-        RENDER_BACKEND.dispatchCompute(workGroups.x, workGroups.y, workGroups.z);
+        dispatchCompute(workGroups.x, workGroups.y, workGroups.z);
     }
 
     public static void dispatchComputeIndirect(long offset) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.dispatchComputeIndirect(offset);
     }
 
@@ -478,6 +537,7 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static void memoryBarrier(int barriers) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         if (supportsCompute) {
             RENDER_BACKEND.memoryBarrier(barriers);
         }
@@ -500,12 +560,14 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static void bindTextureToUnit(int unit, int texture) {
-        if (unit != 0 && GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(unit) != texture) GLStateManager.beforeUncapturedStateChange();
+        if (unit == 0) GLStateManager.recordExitTextureBind(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+        else if (GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(unit) != texture) GLStateManager.beforeUncapturedStateChange();
         dsaState.bindTextureToUnit(unit, texture);
     }
 
     public static void bindTextureToUnit(int target, int unit, int texture) {
-        if (unit != 0 && GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(unit) != texture) GLStateManager.beforeUncapturedStateChange();
+        if (unit == 0) GLStateManager.recordExitTextureBind(target, 0);
+        else if (GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(unit) != texture) GLStateManager.beforeUncapturedStateChange();
         dsaState.bindTextureToUnit(target, unit, texture);
     }
 
@@ -525,6 +587,7 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static void blitFramebuffer(int source, int dest, int offsetX, int offsetY, int width, int height, int offsetX2, int offsetY2, int width2, int height2, int bufferChoice, int filter) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         final boolean scissor = GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
         if (scissor) GLStateManager.glDisable(GL11.GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
         try {
@@ -535,10 +598,12 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static int createFramebuffer() {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return dsaState.createFramebuffer();
     }
 
     public static int createTexture(int target) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         return dsaState.createTexture(target);
     }
 
@@ -556,7 +621,8 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static int getIndexedBufferBinding(int target, int index) {
-        return RENDER_BACKEND.getIndexedBufferBinding(target, index);
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
+        return GLStateManager.getIndexedBufferBinding(target, index);
     }
 
     public static void bindBufferBase(int target, int index, int buffer) {
@@ -587,6 +653,7 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     }
 
     public static void clearTexImage(int texture, int target, int level, int format, int type) {
+        GLStateManager.rejectExitCapture();
         RENDER_BACKEND.clearTexImage(texture, level, format, type);
     }
 
@@ -646,12 +713,7 @@ public class RenderSystem {
 
     public static void unbindAllSamplers() {
         if (!supportsSamplerObjects) return;
-        final int count = GLStateManager.getSamplerUnitCount();
-        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            if (GLStateManager.getSamplerBinding(i) != 0) {
-                GLStateManager.glBindSampler(i, 0);
-            }
-        }
+        GLStateManager.unbindAllSamplers();
     }
 
     /** Parse a GL version string (e.g. "4.6.0 NVIDIA ...") into concatenated digits "460". Strips
@@ -688,4 +750,12 @@ public class RenderSystem {
         if (actualVersion < 0) return true;
         return actualVersion >= requestedMajor * 10 + requestedMinor;
     }
+
+    public static final int MIN_CORE_VERSION = 33;
+
+    public static int probeCapAfterRejection(int requested, int actual) {
+        if (actual >= MIN_CORE_VERSION && actual < requested) return actual;
+        if (actual >= 0 && actual < MIN_CORE_VERSION && requested > MIN_CORE_VERSION) return MIN_CORE_VERSION;
+        return requested - 1;
+    }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/StateSet.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public final class StateSet {
     public static final int R_ACTIVE_UNIT = 1 << 13;
     public static final int R_PROGRAM = 1 << 14;
     public static final int R_SCISSOR = 1 << 15;
+    public static final int R_HINT = 1 << 16;
 
     public static final int B_FRAG_COLORBUF = 1;
     public static final int B_FRAG_TEXTURE = 1 << 1;
@@ -224,6 +225,9 @@ public final class StateSet {
         if ((mask & GL11.GL_POINT_BIT) != 0) {
             restore |= R_POINT;
         }
+        if ((mask & GL11.GL_HINT_BIT) != 0) {
+            restore |= R_HINT;
+        }
         if ((mask & GL11.GL_POLYGON_BIT) != 0) {
             restore |= R_POLYGON;
         }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/BackendOptions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.SystemProperties;
+
+public final class BackendOptions {
+
+    private static boolean configSdlGpu;
+    private static String configDriver = "";
+    private static int configGlVersion;
+
+    private BackendOptions() {}
+
+    public static void latch(boolean sdlGpu, String driver, int glVersion) {
+        configSdlGpu = sdlGpu;
+        configDriver = driver;
+        configGlVersion = glVersion;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean sdlGpuRequested() {
+        return SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_OVERRIDE != null ? SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_OVERRIDE : configSdlGpu;
+    }
+
+    public static String sdlGpuDriver() {
+        return sdlGpuDriver(configDriver);
+    }
+
+    public static String sdlGpuDriver(String driver) {
+        return SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_DRIVER_OVERRIDE != null ? SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_DRIVER_OVERRIDE : driver;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean configSdlGpu() {
+        return configSdlGpu;
+    }
+
+    public static String configDriver() {
+        return configDriver;
+    }
+
+    public static int configGlVersion() {
+        return configGlVersion;
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/BackendStartGuard.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+
+public final class BackendStartGuard {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("Angelica/BackendStartGuard");
+
+    static final int STRIKE_LIMIT = 3;
+
+    private static File marker;
+    private static File verified;
+    private static String key;
+    private static int strikes;
+    private static boolean pending;
+    private static boolean tripped;
+
+    private BackendStartGuard() {}
+
+    public static boolean begin(File dir, boolean sdlGpuConfigured, boolean flagForced, int requirementsRevision, String requestedDriver) {
+        marker = new File(dir, "sdlgpu-starting");
+        verified = new File(dir, "sdlgpu-verified");
+        key = requirementsRevision + "/" + requestedDriver;
+        pending = tripped = false;
+        if (flagForced) return false;
+        if (!sdlGpuConfigured) {
+            delete(marker);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (key.equals(read(verified))) return false;
+        final String count = read(marker);
+        final Integer parsed = count == null ? null : Ints.tryParse(count.trim());
+        strikes = parsed == null ? 0 : parsed;
+        if (strikes >= STRIKE_LIMIT) {
+            LOGGER.warn("SDL GPU failed to bring up the device {} times in a row; resetting the render backend to OpenGL", strikes);
+            delete(marker);
+            tripped = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (strikes == STRIKE_LIMIT - 1) {
+            LOGGER.warn("SDL GPU failed to bring up the device {} times in a row; one more and the render backend switches to OpenGL", strikes);
+        } else if (strikes > 0) {
+            LOGGER.info("The last start ended while bringing up the SDL GPU device");
+        }
+        pending = true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static void arm() {
+        if (pending) write(marker, Integer.toString(strikes + 1));
+    }
+
+    public static void disarm() {
+        if (pending) delete(marker);
+    }
+
+    public static void latch() {
+        if (!pending) return;
+        pending = false;
+        write(verified, key);
+        LOGGER.info("SDL GPU booted; the startup guard stays off until the requirements revision or driver changes");
+    }
+
+    public static boolean tripped() {
+        return tripped;
+    }
+
+    private static String read(File file) {
+        try {
+            return file.isFile() ? new String(Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath()), StandardCharsets.UTF_8) : null;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Could not read {}: {}", file, e.toString());
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void write(File file, String content) {
+        try {
+            Files.createDirectories(file.toPath().getParent());
+            Files.write(file.toPath(), content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Could not write {}: {}", file, e.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void delete(File file) {
+        if (file.isFile() && !file.delete()) LOGGER.warn("Could not delete {}", file);
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend.java

@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetAddress;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetInt;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.Pointer.POINTER_SIZE;
 import static org.taumc.celeritas.lwjgl.LWJGLServiceProvider.LWJGL;
 
 /**
@@ -380,7 +383,9 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
 
     @Override
     public void multiDrawElementsBaseVertex(int mode, long pCount, int type, long pIndices, int drawcount, long pBaseVertex) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("GLRenderBackend.multiDrawElementsBaseVertex should not be called — LWJGL service handles this");
+        for (int i = 0; i < drawcount; i++) {
+            GL32.glDrawElementsBaseVertex(mode, memGetInt(pCount + 4L * i), type, memGetAddress(pIndices + (long) i * POINTER_SIZE), memGetInt(pBaseVertex + 4L * i));
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -609,6 +614,21 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL30.glFramebufferTexture2D(target, attachment, textarget, texture, level);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void framebufferTexture1D(int target, int attachment, int textarget, int texture, int level) {
+        GL30.glFramebufferTexture1D(target, attachment, textarget, texture, level);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void framebufferTexture3D(int target, int attachment, int textarget, int texture, int level, int zoffset) {
+        GL30.glFramebufferTexture3D(target, attachment, textarget, texture, level, zoffset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void framebufferTextureLayer(int target, int attachment, int texture, int level, int layer) {
+        GL30.glFramebufferTextureLayer(target, attachment, texture, level, layer);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void framebufferTexture(int target, int attachment, int texture, int level) {
         GL32.glFramebufferTexture(target, attachment, texture, level);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/MoltenVK.java

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.SystemProperties;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public final class MoltenVK {
+
+    public enum Source {
+        ENV,
+        JAR,
+        SYSTEM,
+        NONE
+    }
+
+    public static final String ENV_VULKAN_LIBRARY = "SDL_VULKAN_LIBRARY";
+    public static final String JAR_NAME = "angelica-moltenvk";
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("Angelica/MoltenVK");
+    private static final String LIB_NAME = "libMoltenVK.dylib";
+    private static final String[] SYSTEM_PATHS = { "/opt/homebrew/lib/" + LIB_NAME, "/usr/local/lib/" + LIB_NAME };
+    private static final String ARCH = archName(System.getProperty("os.arch", ""));
+
+    private static Source source;
+    private static String path;
+    private static boolean located;
+
+    private MoltenVK() {}
+
+    public static synchronized Source source() {
+        if (source == null) {
+            final boolean macos = System.getProperty("os.name", "").toLowerCase().contains("mac");
+            source = detect(macos, System.getenv(ENV_VULKAN_LIBRARY), MoltenVK.class.getResource(bundledResource(ARCH)) != null, SYSTEM_PATHS);
+        }
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized String locate() {
+        if (!located) {
+            path = resolve(source(), System.getenv(ENV_VULKAN_LIBRARY), bundledResource(ARCH), new File(SystemProperties.MOLTENVK_DIR), ARCH, SYSTEM_PATHS);
+            located = true;
+        }
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    static String archName(String osArch) {
+        final String arch = osArch.toLowerCase();
+        return arch.contains("aarch64") || arch.contains("arm64") ? "arm64" : "x64";
+    }
+
+    static String bundledResource(String arch) {
+        return "/macos/" + arch + "/org/lwjgl/vulkan/" + LIB_NAME;
+    }
+
+    static Source detect(boolean macos, String env, boolean bundled, String[] systemPaths) {
+        if (!macos) return Source.NONE;
+        if (env != null && !env.isEmpty()) return Source.ENV;
+        if (bundled) return Source.JAR;
+        return systemPath(systemPaths) != null ? Source.SYSTEM : Source.NONE;
+    }
+
+    static String resolve(Source source, String env, String resource, File dir, String arch, String[] systemPaths) {
+        return switch (source) {
+            case ENV -> env;
+            case JAR -> {
+                final String extracted = extract(resource, dir, arch);
+                yield extracted != null ? extracted : systemPath(systemPaths);
+            }
+            case SYSTEM -> systemPath(systemPaths);
+            case NONE -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static String systemPath(String[] systemPaths) {
+        for (final String candidate : systemPaths) {
+            if (new File(candidate).isFile()) return candidate;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static String extract(String resource, File dir, String arch) {
+        final byte[] lib;
+        try (InputStream in = MoltenVK.class.getResourceAsStream(resource)) {
+            if (in == null) return null;
+            lib = readAll(in);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("MoltenVK: failed reading {}: {}", resource, e.toString());
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final File target = new File(dir, "libMoltenVK-" + arch + ".dylib");
+        File tmp = null;
+        try {
+            if (!target.isFile() || target.length() != lib.length || !Arrays.equals(Files.readAllBytes(target.toPath()), lib)) {
+                if (!dir.isDirectory() && !dir.mkdirs()) throw new IOException("cannot create " + dir);
+                tmp = File.createTempFile("libMoltenVK", ".dylib", dir);
+                Files.write(tmp.toPath(), lib);
+                Files.move(tmp.toPath(), target.toPath(), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("MoltenVK: failed extracting to {}: {}", target, e.toString());
+            if (tmp != null) tmp.delete();
+            return null;
+        }
+        return target.getAbsolutePath();
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] readAll(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1 << 20);
+        final byte[] buf = new byte[16384];
+        int n;
+        while ((n = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
+            out.write(buf, 0, n);
+        }
+        return out.toByteArray();
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/RenderBackend.java

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
  */
 public abstract class RenderBackend {
 
+    public static final int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 3;
+
     public void onPostWindowCreate(long window) {}
 
     public abstract void init();
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
 
     public boolean framebufferCompletenessIsMeaningful() { return true; }
     public void onPersistentBufferWrite(int glId, long offset, long size) {}
+    public boolean isBufferImmutable(int glId) { return false; }
 
     public boolean isAnisotropicSupported() { return true; }
 
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
 
     static VSyncMode resolveTearFreeMode(VSyncMode preferred, Predicate<VSyncMode> supported) {
         if (preferred != null && preferred.tearFree() && supported.test(preferred)) return preferred;
-        return supported.test(VSyncMode.MAILBOX) ? VSyncMode.MAILBOX : VSyncMode.ON;
+        return VSyncMode.ON;
     }
 
     protected abstract VSyncMode applyVSyncMode(VSyncMode preferred);
@@ -275,6 +278,12 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
     public void voxelizeRegion(long pass, boolean rebindVertexBuffer, float x, float y, float z, int rangeBase, int rangeCount, int vertexTotal) {}
     public void endVoxelizationBatch(long pass) {}
 
+    public void setVertexWriteReplay(int graphicsProgram, VertexWriteReplaySetup setup) {}
+
+    public boolean supportsComputeImageAtomics() { return true; }
+
+    public boolean supportsComputeImageAtomics(int width, int height, int depth) { return supportsComputeImageAtomics(); }
+
     public abstract void enable(int cap);
     public abstract void enablei(int cap, int index);
     public abstract void disable(int cap);
@@ -450,6 +459,9 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
     public abstract void deleteFramebuffers(int framebuffer);
     public abstract void bindFramebuffer(int target, int framebuffer);
     public abstract void framebufferTexture2D(int target, int attachment, int textarget, int texture, int level);
+    public abstract void framebufferTexture1D(int target, int attachment, int textarget, int texture, int level);
+    public abstract void framebufferTexture3D(int target, int attachment, int textarget, int texture, int level, int zoffset);
+    public abstract void framebufferTextureLayer(int target, int attachment, int texture, int level, int layer);
     public abstract void framebufferTexture(int target, int attachment, int texture, int level);
     public abstract int genRenderbuffers();
     public abstract void deleteRenderbuffers(int renderbuffer);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/VertexWriteReplaySetup.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import java.util.function.IntSupplier;
+
+/**
+ * How to replay a graphics program's vertex-stage image writes.
+ *
+ * @param inputLocations    per input, the declared location or -1 for whatever the graphics program linked
+ * @param images            per image the replay uses, in binding order: the written ones, then the read-only ones
+ * @param writtenImageCount how many of {@code images} the replay writes
+ * @param samplerNames      samplers the graphics program may not have, because only the stripped writes read them
+ * @param samplerUnits      per sampler name, the texture unit it reads at each draw, or -1 to use samplerTextures
+ * @param samplerTextures   per sampler name, its texture when samplerUnits is -1
+ * @param samplerObjects    per sampler name, supplies its current GL sampler object when samplerUnits is -1;
+ *                          null for unassigned or external bindings, and returns 0 to use the texture's own filtering
+ * @param vertexBufferBinding storage buffer binding of the first vertex buffer the replay program declares
+ * @param vertexBufferCount   how many vertex buffers it declares, at consecutive bindings
+ * @param indexBufferBinding  storage buffer binding of its index buffer
+ */
+public record VertexWriteReplaySetup(int replayProgram, String[] inputNames, int[] inputLocations,
+                                     IntSupplier[] images, int writtenImageCount,
+                                     String[] samplerNames, int[] samplerUnits, IntSupplier[] samplerTextures, IntSupplier[] samplerObjects,
+                                     int vertexBufferBinding, int vertexBufferCount, int indexBufferBinding) {
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/dsa/DSAARB.java

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public class DSAARB extends DSAUnsupported {
 
     @Override
     public void framebufferTexture2D(int fb, int fbtarget, int attachment, int target, int texture, int levels) {
-        RENDER_BACKEND.namedFramebufferTexture(fb, attachment, texture, levels);
+        GLStateManager.glNamedFramebufferTexture(fb, attachment, texture, levels);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ public class DSAARB extends DSAUnsupported {
 
     @Override
     public int createTexture(int target) {
-        GLStateManager.requireContext("glCreateTextures");
-        return RENDER_BACKEND.createTextures(target);
+        return GLStateManager.glCreateTextures(target);
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/dsa/DSAUnsupported.java

@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.dsa;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.TextureBindingStack;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureTargets;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL31;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ public class DSAUnsupported implements DSAAccess {
     @Override
     public void framebufferTexture2D(int fb, int fbtarget, int attachment, int target, int texture, int levels) {
         GLStateManager.glBindFramebuffer(fbtarget, fb);
-        RENDER_BACKEND.framebufferTexture2D(fbtarget, attachment, target, texture, levels);
+        GLStateManager.glFramebufferTexture2D(fbtarget, attachment, target, texture, levels);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -166,23 +165,12 @@ public class DSAUnsupported implements DSAAccess {
     @Override
     public int createTexture(int target) {
         final int texture = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
-        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(target, texture);
         return texture;
     }
 
-    private static int bindingQuery(int target) {
-        return switch (target) {
-            case GL11.GL_TEXTURE_1D -> GL11.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_1D;
-            case GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D -> GL12.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_3D;
-            case GL13.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP -> GL13.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_CUBE_MAP;
-            case GL30.GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY -> GL30.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D_ARRAY;
-            case GL31.GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE -> GL31.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_RECTANGLE;
-            default -> GL11.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D;
-        };
-    }
-
     private static int previousBinding(int target) {
-        return target == GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D ? previous2D() : RENDER_BACKEND.getInteger(bindingQuery(target));
+        return target == GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D ? previous2D() : RENDER_BACKEND.getInteger(TextureTargets.bindingQuery(target));
     }
 
     private static int previous2D() {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/CubeParams.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutFloat;
 public record CubeParams(float minX, float minY, float minZ, float spanX, float spanY, float spanZ, float u0, float v0, float uScaleX, float vScaleY, float uScaleZ, float vScaleZ) {
 
     private static final float MIN_SPAN = 1.0e-4f;
+    private static final float UV_EPSILON = 1.0e-5f;
 
     public CubeParams {
         if (!(spanX > MIN_SPAN && spanY > MIN_SPAN && spanZ > MIN_SPAN)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("degenerate cube span");
@@ -43,12 +44,25 @@ public record CubeParams(float minX, float minY, float minZ, float spanX, float
         }
     }
 
-    public void writeTexture(long ptr) {
-        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_LIGHTMAP_SCALE + 8, uScaleZ);
-        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_LIGHTMAP_SCALE + 12, vScaleZ);
-        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX, u0);
-        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX + 4, v0);
-        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX + 8, uScaleX);
-        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX + 12, vScaleY);
+    public boolean uvInsideTexture() {
+        final float u1 = u0 + 2.0f * (Math.abs(uScaleX) + uScaleZ);
+        final float v1 = v0 + vScaleY + vScaleZ;
+        return u0 >= 0.0f && v0 >= 0.0f && u1 <= 1.0f + UV_EPSILON && v1 <= 1.0f + UV_EPSILON;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean allInsideTexture(CubeParams[] cubes) {
+        for (CubeParams cube : cubes) {
+            if (!cube.uvInsideTexture()) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void writeTexture(long ptr, float regionU, float regionV, float regionW, float regionH) {
+        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_LIGHTMAP_SCALE + 8, uScaleZ * regionW);
+        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_LIGHTMAP_SCALE + 12, vScaleZ * regionH);
+        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX, regionU + u0 * regionW);
+        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX + 4, regionV + v0 * regionH);
+        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX + 8, uScaleX * regionW);
+        memPutFloat(ptr + CubeInstancedAttribs.OFFSET_CUBE_TEX + 12, vScaleY * regionH);
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FFPUniformBlock.java

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ public final class FFPUniformBlock {
     public static final int TEX_ENV_COLOR_3 = vec4("u_TexEnvColor3");
     public static final int OVERLAY_COLOR = vec4("u_OverlayColor");
     public static final int SECONDARY_COLOR = vec3("u_SecondaryColor");
+    public static final int ATLAS_GUTTER = flt("u_AtlasGutter");
     public static final int FOG_PARAMS = vec4("u_FogParams");
     public static final int FOG_COLOR = vec4("u_FogColor");
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FfpGlsl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.FogState;
+
+public final class FfpGlsl {
+
+    private FfpGlsl() {}
+
+    // Mesa ffvertex_prog.c build_fog(): FDM_EYE_RADIAL/EYE_PLANE/EYE_PLANE_ABS
+    public static String fogDistance(int mode, String eye) {
+        return switch (mode) {
+            case FogState.DISTANCE_EYE_RADIAL -> "length(" + eye + ".xyz)";
+            case FogState.DISTANCE_EYE_PLANE -> eye + ".z";
+            default -> "abs(" + eye + ".z)";
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static void appendFogFactor(StringBuilder sb, String indent, int fogMode, String coord, String params) {
+        switch (fogMode) {
+            case FragmentKey.FOG_LINEAR -> sb.append(indent).append("f = ").append(coord).append(" * ").append(params).append(".x + ").append(params).append(".y;\n");
+            case FragmentKey.FOG_EXP -> sb.append(indent).append("f = exp2(-(").append(coord).append(" * ").append(params).append(".z));\n");
+            case FragmentKey.FOG_EXP2 -> {
+                sb.append(indent).append("float fogTmp = ").append(coord).append(" * ").append(params).append(".w;\n");
+                sb.append(indent).append("f = exp2(-(fogTmp * fogTmp));\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String quantizeAlpha(String alpha) {
+        return "round(" + alpha + " * 255.0)";
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentKey.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLContextState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TexEnvState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureUnitArray;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
@@ -65,6 +66,16 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
     public static final int FOG_EXP    = 2;
     public static final int FOG_EXP2   = 3;
 
+    public static int activeFogMode(GLContextState glCtx) {
+        if (!glCtx.fogMode.isEnabled()) return FOG_NONE;
+        return switch (glCtx.fogState.getFogMode()) {
+            case GL11.GL_LINEAR -> FOG_LINEAR;
+            case GL11.GL_EXP    -> FOG_EXP;
+            case GL11.GL_EXP2   -> FOG_EXP2;
+            default -> FOG_NONE;
+        };
+    }
+
     private static final int GLOBAL_BITS = 14;
     private static final int BIT_COMBINED_GLINT = 61;
     private static final int BIT_GLINT_REPLACE_ALPHA = 62;
@@ -72,7 +83,7 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
     private static final int BIT_ALPHA_TEST        = 2;  // 1 bit
     private static final int BIT_ALPHA_FUNC        = 3;  // 3 bits
     private static final int BIT_SEPARATE_SPECULAR = 6;  // 1 bit
-    private static final int BIT_NR_ENABLED_UNITS  = 7;  // 3 bits
+    private static final int BIT_TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING = 7; // 3 bits, log2(samples)
     private static final int BIT_OVERLAY_ENABLED   = 10; // 1 bit
     private static final int BIT_LINE_STIPPLE      = 11; // 1 bit
     private static final int BIT_COLOR_SUM         = 12; // 1 bit
@@ -117,15 +128,7 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
         if (CombinedGlint.replacesAlpha()) global |= 1L << BIT_GLINT_REPLACE_ALPHA;
 
         // Fog
-        if (glCtx.fogMode.isEnabled()) {
-            final int fogMode = switch (glCtx.fogState.getFogMode()) {
-                case GL11.GL_LINEAR -> FOG_LINEAR;
-                case GL11.GL_EXP    -> FOG_EXP;
-                case GL11.GL_EXP2   -> FOG_EXP2;
-                default -> FOG_NONE;
-            };
-            global |= (long) fogMode;
-        }
+        global |= activeFogMode(glCtx);
 
         // Alpha test
         if (glCtx.alphaTest.isEnabled()) {
@@ -170,7 +173,10 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
         }
 
         final int nrEnabled = highestEnabled + 1;
-        global |= ((long) (nrEnabled & 0x7)) << BIT_NR_ENABLED_UNITS;
+        if (glCtx.textureSupersamplingSamples > 1 && (unit0Bits & 1L) != 0
+            && TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.getInfo(textures.getTextureUnitBindings(0).getBinding()).getAtlasGutter() > 0) {
+            global |= (long) Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(glCtx.textureSupersamplingSamples) << BIT_TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING;
+        }
         global |= (unit0Bits << GLOBAL_BITS);
         out[0] = global;
 
@@ -254,12 +260,13 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
     public int fogMode()              { return (int) (packed[0] & 0x3); }
     public boolean combinedGlint()    { return (packed[0] & (1L << BIT_COMBINED_GLINT)) != 0; }
     public boolean glintReplaceAlpha() { return (packed[0] & (1L << BIT_GLINT_REPLACE_ALPHA)) != 0; }
+    public int textureSupersamplingSamples() { return 1 << (int) ((packed[0] >> BIT_TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING) & 0x7); }
     public boolean alphaTestEnabled() { return ((packed[0] >> BIT_ALPHA_TEST) & 1) != 0; }
     public int alphaTestFunc()        { return (int) ((packed[0] >> BIT_ALPHA_FUNC) & 0x7); }
     public boolean separateSpecular() { return ((packed[0] >> BIT_SEPARATE_SPECULAR) & 1) != 0; }
     public boolean colorSum()         { return ((packed[0] >> BIT_COLOR_SUM) & 1) != 0; }
     public boolean lineStipple()      { return ((packed[0] >> BIT_LINE_STIPPLE) & 1) != 0; }
-    public int nrEnabledUnits()       { return (int) ((packed[0] >> BIT_NR_ENABLED_UNITS) & 0x7); }
+    public int nrEnabledUnits()       { return packed.length == 1 && !unitEnabled(0) ? 0 : packed.length; }
     public boolean overlayEnabled()   { return ((packed[0] >> BIT_OVERLAY_ENABLED) & 1) != 0; }
     public boolean overlayInstanced() { return ((packed[0] >> BIT_OVERLAY_INSTANCED) & 1) != 0; }
 
@@ -398,6 +405,7 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
         sb.append(String.format("FFPFragmentKey[fog=%s alpha=%b(%s) specSep=%b colorSum=%b overlay=%b units=%d", fogName, alphaTestEnabled(),
             alphaTestEnabled() ? String.format("0x%04X", decodeAlphaFunc(alphaTestFunc())) : "-", separateSpecular(), colorSum(),
             overlayEnabled() || overlayInstanced(), nrEnabledUnits()));
+        if (textureSupersamplingSamples() > 1) sb.append(" samples=").append(textureSupersamplingSamples());
         for (int i = 0; i < nrEnabledUnits(); i++) {
             if (!unitEnabled(i)) {
                 sb.append(String.format(" u%d=OFF", i));

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentShaderGenerator.java

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ public final class FragmentShaderGenerator {
             return sb.toString();
         }
         sb.append("out vec4 fragColor;\n\n");
+        if (key.textureSupersamplingSamples() > 1) {
+            sb.append("#define TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES ").append(key.textureSupersamplingSamples()).append('\n');
+            sb.append(ShaderLoader.getShaderSource("angelica:texture_supersampling.glsl"));
+        }
 
         sb.append("void main() {\n");
         emitLineStipple(sb, key);
@@ -86,7 +90,8 @@ public final class FragmentShaderGenerator {
     private static void emitTextureSampling(StringBuilder sb, FragmentKey key) {
         for (int i = 0; i < key.nrEnabledUnits(); i++) {
             if (!key.unitEnabled(i)) continue;
-            sb.append("  vec4 tex").append(i).append("Color = textureProj(u_Sampler").append(i).append(", v_TexCoord").append(i).append(");\n");
+            final String sample = i == 0 && key.textureSupersamplingSamples() > 1 ? "sampleSupersampledTexture" : "textureProj";
+            sb.append("  vec4 tex").append(i).append("Color = ").append(sample).append("(u_Sampler").append(i).append(", v_TexCoord").append(i).append(");\n");
         }
     }
 
@@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ public final class FragmentShaderGenerator {
         final int func = FragmentKey.decodeAlphaFunc(key.alphaTestFunc());
 
 
-        sb.append("  float qa = round(color.a * 255.0);\n");
+        sb.append("  float qa = ").append(FfpGlsl.quantizeAlpha("color.a")).append(";\n");
         switch (func) {
             case GL11.GL_NEVER ->
                 sb.append("  discard;\n");
@@ -335,18 +340,7 @@ public final class FragmentShaderGenerator {
 
         sb.append("  // Fog\n");
         sb.append("  float f;\n");
-
-        switch (fogMode) {
-            case FragmentKey.FOG_LINEAR ->
-                sb.append("  f = v_FogCoord * u_FogParams.x + u_FogParams.y;\n");
-            case FragmentKey.FOG_EXP ->
-                sb.append("  f = exp2(-(v_FogCoord * u_FogParams.z));\n");
-            case FragmentKey.FOG_EXP2 -> {
-                sb.append("  float fogTmp = v_FogCoord * u_FogParams.w;\n");
-                sb.append("  f = exp2(-(fogTmp * fogTmp));\n");
-            }
-        }
-
+        FfpGlsl.appendFogFactor(sb, "  ", fogMode, "v_FogCoord", "u_FogParams");
         sb.append("  f = clamp(f, 0.0, 1.0);\n");
         sb.append("  color.rgb = mix(u_FogColor.rgb, color.rgb, f);\n");
     }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/GeometryShaderGenerator.java

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
-
-/**
- * Generates GLSL 330 core geometry shaders for wide line emulation.
- */
-public final class GeometryShaderGenerator {
-
-    private GeometryShaderGenerator() {}
-
-    public static String generate(VertexKey key) {
-        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(1024);
-        sb.append("#version 330 core\n\n");
-
-        sb.append("layout(lines) in;\n");
-        sb.append("layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices = 4) out;\n\n");
-
-        sb.append(FFPUniformBlock.GLSL_DECL);
-        sb.append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("// Pass-through varyings\n");
-        sb.append("in vec4 v_Color_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.separateSpecular()) {
-            sb.append("in vec3 v_SpecularColor_gs[];\n");
-        }
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(0) || key.texGenEnabled()) sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord0_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.lightmapEnabled())            sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord1_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2))       sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord2_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3))       sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord3_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.fogEnabled()) {
-            sb.append("in float v_FogCoord_gs[];\n");
-        }
-        if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            sb.append("flat in vec2 v_LineStart_gs[];\n");
-        }
-        sb.append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("out vec4 v_Color;\n");
-        if (key.separateSpecular()) {
-            sb.append("out vec3 v_SpecularColor;\n");
-        }
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(0) || key.texGenEnabled()) sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord0;\n");
-        if (key.lightmapEnabled())            sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord1;\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2))       sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord2;\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3))       sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord3;\n");
-        if (key.fogEnabled()) {
-            sb.append("out float v_FogCoord;\n");
-        }
-        if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            sb.append("flat out vec2 v_LineStart;\n");
-        }
-        sb.append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("void main() {\n");
-        sb.append("    vec4 c0 = gl_in[0].gl_Position;\n");
-        sb.append("    vec4 c1 = gl_in[1].gl_Position;\n\n");
-
-        sb.append("    float d0 = c0.z + c0.w;\n");
-        sb.append("    float d1 = c1.z + c1.w;\n");
-        sb.append("    if (d0 < 0.0 && d1 < 0.0) return;\n");
-        sb.append("    float t0 = d0 < 0.0 ? d0 / (d0 - d1) : 0.0;\n");
-        sb.append("    float t1 = d1 < 0.0 ? d0 / (d0 - d1) : 1.0;\n");
-        sb.append("    vec4 p0 = mix(c0, c1, t0);\n");
-        sb.append("    vec4 p1 = mix(c0, c1, t1);\n\n");
-
-        sb.append("    // NDC positions\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 n0 = p0.xy / p0.w;\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 n1 = p1.xy / p1.w;\n\n");
-
-        sb.append("    // Screen-space direction and perpendicular\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 dir = normalize((n1 - n0) * u_ViewportSize);\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 offset = vec2(-dir.y, dir.x) * u_LineWidth / u_ViewportSize;\n\n");
-
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 0, "+offset");
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 0, "-offset");
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 1, "+offset");
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 1, "-offset");
-
-        sb.append("    EndPrimitive();\n");
-        sb.append("}\n");
-
-        return sb.toString();
-    }
-
-    private static void emitVertex(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key, int endpointIdx, String offsetExpr) {
-        final String pi = "p" + endpointIdx;
-        final String ni = "n" + endpointIdx;
-        final String ti = "t" + endpointIdx;
-
-        sb.append("    // Endpoint ").append(endpointIdx).append(' ').append(offsetExpr).append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("    v_Color = ").append(lerp("v_Color_gs", ti)).append(";\n");
-        if (key.separateSpecular()) {
-            sb.append("    v_SpecularColor = ").append(lerp("v_SpecularColor_gs", ti)).append(";\n");
-        }
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(0) || key.texGenEnabled()) sb.append("    v_TexCoord0 = ").append(lerp("v_TexCoord0_gs", ti)).append(";\n");
-        if (key.lightmapEnabled())            sb.append("    v_TexCoord1 = ").append(lerp("v_TexCoord1_gs", ti)).append(";\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2))       sb.append("    v_TexCoord2 = ").append(lerp("v_TexCoord2_gs", ti)).append(";\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3))       sb.append("    v_TexCoord3 = ").append(lerp("v_TexCoord3_gs", ti)).append(";\n");
-        if (key.fogEnabled()) {
-            sb.append("    v_FogCoord = ").append(lerp("v_FogCoord_gs", ti)).append(";\n");
-        }
-        if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            sb.append("    v_LineStart = v_LineStart_gs[0];\n");
-        }
-
-        if (key.clipPlanesEnabled()) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-                sb.append("    gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = mix(gl_in[0].gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("], gl_in[1].gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("], ").append(ti).append(");\n");
-            }
-        }
-
-        sb.append("    gl_Position = vec4((").append(ni).append(' ').append(offsetExpr).append(") * ").append(pi).append(".w, ").append(pi).append(".z, ").append(pi).append(".w);\n");
-        sb.append("    EmitVertex();\n\n");
-    }
-
-    private static String lerp(String input, String t) {
-        return "mix(" + input + "[0], " + input + "[1], " + t + ")";
-    }
-}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/InstancedAttribs.java

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ public final class InstancedAttribs {
     public static final int OFFSET_LIGHTMAP = HEAD_SIZE;
     public static final int STRIDE = 72;
 
+    public static final long DEFAULT_ENTITY_IDS = packEntityInfo(-1, 0, -1);
+
     public static void writeHead(long ptr, float[] colMajor, int off, int colorABGR, int overlayABGR, long entityInfo) {
         writeRows(ptr, colMajor, off);
         writeTail(ptr, colorABGR, overlayABGR, entityInfo);
@@ -60,13 +62,21 @@ public final class InstancedAttribs {
         return id == 0xFFFF ? -1 : id;
     }
 
+    public static float normalizedId(long info, int shift) {
+        return ((info >>> shift) & 0xFFFF) / 65535.0f;
+    }
+
     public static void pointHead(long base, int stride) {
         for (int r = 0; r < 3; r++) {
             GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(LOC_ROW0 + r, 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, stride, base + OFFSET_ROWS + r * 16L);
         }
         GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(LOC_COLOR, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, true, stride, base + OFFSET_COLOR);
         GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(LOC_OVERLAY, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, true, stride, base + OFFSET_OVERLAY);
-        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribIPointer(LOC_ENTITY, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, stride, base + OFFSET_ENTITY);
+        pointEntityIds(LOC_ENTITY, stride, base + OFFSET_ENTITY);
+    }
+
+    public static void pointEntityIds(int location, int stride, long offset) {
+        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(location, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, true, stride, offset);
     }
 
     public static void pointTemplate(long base) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/Program.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 
 /**
- * A compiled and linked FFP emulation program (vertex + fragment + optional geometry shaders). Owns the GL program handle and caches uniform locations.
+ * A compiled and linked FFP emulation program (vertex + fragment shaders). Owns the GL program handle and caches uniform locations.
  */
 public class Program {
 
@@ -49,23 +49,19 @@ public class Program {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Compile vertex + fragment + optional geometry shaders, link into a program, and return the FFPProgram.
+     * Compile vertex + fragment shaders, link into a program, and return the FFPProgram.
      */
-    static Program create(VertexKey vk, FragmentKey fk, String vertSrc, String fragSrc, String geomSrc) {
+    static Program create(VertexKey vk, FragmentKey fk, String vertSrc, String fragSrc) {
         final RenderBackend backend = RENDER_BACKEND;
         final int id = PROGRAM_COUNTER.getAndIncrement();
         final String vkHex = Long.toHexString(vk.pack());
-        final boolean hasGeom = geomSrc != null;
 
         int shaderCount = 0;
-        final int[] shaders = new int[5]; // vertex, fragment, geometry, tess control, tess evaluation
+        final int[] shaders = new int[2];
         int program = 0;
         try {
             shaders[shaderCount++] = compileShader(GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertSrc, "ffp_v_" + vkHex);
             shaders[shaderCount++] = compileShader(GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragSrc, "ffp_f_" + id);
-            if (geomSrc != null) {
-                shaders[shaderCount++] = compileShader(GL32.GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, geomSrc, "ffp_g_" + id);
-            }
 
             program = backend.createProgram();
             for (int i = 0; i < shaderCount; i++) backend.attachShader(program, shaders[i]);
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ public class Program {
                 throw new RuntimeException("FFP shader link failed (vk=0x" + vkHex + ", fk=" + fk + "): " + log);
             }
 
-            final String debugName = "FFP(v=0x" + vkHex + ",f=" + id + (hasGeom ? ",g" : "") + ")";
+            final String debugName = "FFP(v=0x" + vkHex + ",f=" + id + ")";
             GLDebug.nameObject(KHRDebug.GL_PROGRAM, program, debugName);
 
             // Detach and delete individual shaders - they're linked into the program

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ShaderCache.java

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
     private static final long EMPTY_MARKER = 0L; // slot [1] == 0 means empty (fkLen >= 1 guarantees nonzero)
 
     private final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<String> vertexSourceCache = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
-    private final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<String> geometrySourceCache = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
 
     // Open-addressed table — parallel arrays
     private long[] keys;
@@ -103,7 +102,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
         final FragmentKey fk = FragmentKey.fromPacked(fkPacked, fkLen);
         final String vertSrc;
         String fragSrc;
-        final String geomSrc;
         final Program program;
         if (Tracy.ENABLED) Tracy.beginZone(Z_FFP_SHADER_GEN);
         try {
@@ -113,8 +111,7 @@ public class ShaderCache {
                 fragSrc = FragmentShaderGenerator.generate(fk);
                 uniqueFragCount++;
             }
-            geomSrc = vk.wideLineEmulation() ? getOrGenerateGeometry(vk) : null;
-            program = Program.create(vk, fk, vertSrc, fragSrc, geomSrc);
+            program = Program.create(vk, fk, vertSrc, fragSrc);
         } finally {
             if (Tracy.ENABLED) Tracy.endZone();
         }
@@ -135,9 +132,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
         if (dumpDir != null) {
             dumpShader(Long.toHexString(vkPacked), ".vert.glsl", vertSrc);
             dumpShader("frag_" + fragmentDumpCounter++, ".frag.glsl", fragSrc);
-            if (geomSrc != null) {
-                dumpShader(Long.toHexString(vkPacked), ".geom.glsl", geomSrc);
-            }
         }
 
         return program;
@@ -228,10 +222,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
         return vertexSourceCache.computeIfAbsent(vk.pack(), k -> VertexShaderGenerator.generate(vk));
     }
 
-    private String getOrGenerateGeometry(VertexKey vk) {
-        return geometrySourceCache.computeIfAbsent(vk.pack(), k -> GeometryShaderGenerator.generate(vk));
-    }
-
     private void dumpShader(String name, String suffix, String source) {
         if (dumpDir == null) return;
         try {
@@ -260,11 +250,8 @@ public class ShaderCache {
                     dumpShader("frag_" + idx, ".frag.glsl", fragSources[i]);
                 }
             }
-            for (var entry : geometrySourceCache.entrySet()) {
-                dumpShader(Long.toHexString(entry.getKey()), ".geom.glsl", entry.getValue());
-            }
-            GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("Dumped {} vertex, {} geometry, and {} fragment FFP shader sources to {}",
-                vertexSourceCache.size(), geometrySourceCache.size(), seen.size(), outputDir);
+            GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("Dumped {} vertex and {} fragment FFP shader sources to {}",
+                vertexSourceCache.size(), seen.size(), outputDir);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             GLStateManager.LOGGER.warn("Failed to dump FFP shaders: {}", e.getMessage());
         }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ShaderManager.java

@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
             VertexShaderGenerator.generate(VertexKey.fromPacked(VertexKey.withInstancing(vkPacked, Instancing.CUBE)));
             VertexShaderGenerator.generate(VertexKey.fromPacked(VertexKey.withInstancing(vkPacked, Instancing.PARTICLE)));
             FragmentShaderGenerator.generate(FragmentKey.fromPacked(fkScratch, fkLen));
-            GeometryShaderGenerator.generate(vk);
             final Class<?>[] touched = { Program.class, ShaderCache.class, TessellatorStreamingDrawer.class, QuadConverter.class };
             for (Class<?> c : touched) {
                 c.getName();
@@ -140,6 +139,7 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
         GLSMHooks.resolvePendingProgram();
         final DeferredBlendHandler bh = GLSMHooks.blendHandler;
         if (bh != null) bh.flushDeferredBlend();
+        GLStateManager.flushEntityIds(glCtx);
 
         // Handle FFP & Iris uniforms
         final int currentProgramId = glCtx.activeProgram;
@@ -190,6 +190,10 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
         }
     }
 
+    boolean isTextureSupersampling() {
+        return currentProgram != null && currentProgram.getFragmentKey().textureSupersamplingSamples() > 1;
+    }
+
     public static void endFrame() {
         final ShaderManager sm = GLStateManager.ctx().ffp;
         sm.lastFramePreDrawCalls = sm.preDrawCalls;
@@ -199,18 +203,21 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     }
 
     public void setNormal(float x, float y, float z) {
+        GLStateManager.recordExitNormal();
         normalStack.beforeModify();
         currentNormal.set(x, y, z);
         normalGeneration++;
     }
 
     public void setTexCoord(float s, float t, float r, float q) {
+        GLStateManager.recordExitTexCoord(0);
         texCoordStack.beforeModify();
         currentTexCoords[0].set(s, t, r, q);
         texCoordGeneration++;
     }
 
     public void setTexCoord(int unit, float s, float t, float r, float q) {
+        GLStateManager.recordExitTexCoord(unit);
         if (unit == 0) texCoordStack.beforeModify();
         currentTexCoords[unit].set(s, t, r, q);
         texCoordGeneration++;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/Uniforms.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TexGenState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureUnitArray;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ViewportState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming.UniformRingBuffer;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
 import org.joml.Math;
 import org.joml.Matrix3f;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ public class Uniforms {
     private int viewportX = Integer.MIN_VALUE, viewportY = Integer.MIN_VALUE, viewportWidth = -1, viewportHeight = -1;
     private int lineStipple = -1;
     private int weatherGen = -1;
+    private int atlasGutter = -1;
 
     int blockWrites;
     int blockSkips;
@@ -80,9 +82,6 @@ public class Uniforms {
     private final Vector3f tempVec3 = new Vector3f();
     private final FloatBuffer clipPlaneBuf = memAllocFloat(32); // 8 planes * vec4
 
-    private static final double LN2 = java.lang.Math.log(2.0);
-    private static final double SQRT_LN2 = java.lang.Math.sqrt(LN2);
-
     public void upload(GLContextState glCtx) {
         boolean dirty = false;
         contentChanged = false;
@@ -173,6 +172,15 @@ public class Uniforms {
             stagedFragment++;
             dirty = true;
         }
+        if (glCtx.textureSupersamplingSamples > 1 && ffp.isTextureSupersampling()) {
+            final int gutter = TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.getInfo(glCtx.textures.getTextureUnitBindings(0).getBinding()).getAtlasGutter();
+            if (gutter != atlasGutter) {
+                putFloat(FFPUniformBlock.ATLAS_GUTTER, gutter);
+                atlasGutter = gutter;
+                stagedMisc++;
+                dirty = true;
+            }
+        }
         final LineState line = glCtx.lineState;
         final float lw = line.getWidth();
         if (lw != lineWidth) {
@@ -233,8 +241,11 @@ public class Uniforms {
         if (projChanged) {
             putMat4(FFPUniformBlock.PROJECTION_MATRIX, proj);
         }
-        proj.mul(mv, mvpMatrix);
-        putMat4(FFPUniformBlock.MVP_MATRIX, mvpMatrix);
+        putMat4(FFPUniformBlock.MVP_MATRIX, modelViewProjection(proj, mv, mvpMatrix));
+    }
+
+    public static Matrix4f modelViewProjection(Matrix4f proj, Matrix4f mv, Matrix4f dest) {
+        return proj.mul(mv, dest);
     }
 
     private void stageNormalMatrix(GLContextState glCtx) {
@@ -343,17 +354,8 @@ public class Uniforms {
         final var secondary = glCtx.secondaryColor;
         putVec3(FFPUniformBlock.SECONDARY_COLOR, secondary.getRed(), secondary.getGreen(), secondary.getBlue());
 
-        // Mesa STATE_FOG_PARAMS_OPTIMIZED
         final FogState fog = glCtx.fogState;
-        final float start = fog.getStart();
-        final float end = fog.getEnd();
-        final float density = fog.getDensity();
-        final float range = end - start;
-        putVec4(FFPUniformBlock.FOG_PARAMS,
-            range != 0.0f ? -1.0f / range : 0.0f,
-            range != 0.0f ? end / range : 1.0f,
-            (float) (density / LN2),
-            (float) (density / SQRT_LN2));
+        putVec4(FFPUniformBlock.FOG_PARAMS, fog.linearScale(), fog.linearBias(), fog.expScale(), fog.exp2Scale());
         putVec4(FFPUniformBlock.FOG_COLOR,
             (float) fog.getFogColor().x, (float) fog.getFogColor().y, (float) fog.getFogColor().z,
             fog.getFogAlpha());
@@ -420,6 +422,7 @@ public class Uniforms {
         if (ring != null) {
             ring.endFrame();
         }
+        invalidateBinding();
         lastFrameBlockWrites = blockWrites;
         lastFrameBlockSkips = blockSkips;
         lastFrameStagedMatrices = stagedMatrices;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VAOManager.java

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL33;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL41;
 
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 
@@ -19,12 +26,116 @@ public final class VAOManager {
     final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<VAOData> eboOwners = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
 
     private VAOData current = null;
+    public static final int CONV_POSITION = 0;
+    public static final int CONV_NORMAL = 1;
+    public static final int CONV_COLOR = 2;
+    public static final int CONV_SECONDARY_COLOR = 3;
+    public static final int CONV_FOG_COORD = 4;
+    public static final int CONV_INDEX = 5;
+    public static final int CONV_EDGE_FLAG = 6;
+    public static final int CONV_TEX0 = 7;
+    public static final int TEX_COORD_UNITS = 8;
+    public static final int CONV_COUNT = CONV_TEX0 + TEX_COORD_UNITS;
+
+    private static final int[] CONV_LOCATION = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    private static final int[] LOCATION_CONV = new int[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+    static {
+        Arrays.fill(CONV_LOCATION, -1);
+        Arrays.fill(LOCATION_CONV, -1);
+        mapConventional(CONV_POSITION, Usage.POSITION);
+        mapConventional(CONV_NORMAL, Usage.NORMAL);
+        mapConventional(CONV_COLOR, Usage.COLOR);
+        mapConventional(CONV_TEX0, Usage.PRIMARY_UV);
+        mapConventional(CONV_TEX0 + 1, Usage.SECONDARY_UV);
+    }
+
+    private static void mapConventional(int conv, Usage usage) {
+        final int location = usage.getAttributeLocation();
+        CONV_LOCATION[conv] = location;
+        LOCATION_CONV[location] = conv;
+    }
+
+    public static int conventionalLocation(int conv) {
+        return CONV_LOCATION[conv];
+    }
+
+    private static final int T_BYTE = 1, T_UBYTE = 1 << 1, T_SHORT = 1 << 2, T_USHORT = 1 << 3, T_INT = 1 << 4, T_UINT = 1 << 5, T_FLOAT = 1 << 6;
+    private static final int T_DOUBLE = 1 << 10, T_HALF = 1 << 11, T_FIXED = 1 << 12, T_PACKED = 1 << 13, T_PACKED_FLOAT = 1 << 14;
+    private static final int T_INTEGER = T_BYTE | T_UBYTE | T_SHORT | T_USHORT | T_INT | T_UINT;
+    private static final int T_COLOR = T_INTEGER | T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_PACKED;
+    private static final int T_GENERIC = T_COLOR | T_FIXED | T_PACKED_FLOAT;
+    private static final int[] LEGAL_TYPES = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    private static final int[] MIN_SIZE = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    private static final int[] MAX_SIZE = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    static {
+        legal(CONV_POSITION, T_SHORT | T_INT | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_HALF | T_PACKED, 2, 4);
+        legal(CONV_NORMAL, T_BYTE | T_SHORT | T_INT | T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_PACKED, 3, 3);
+        legal(CONV_COLOR, T_COLOR, 3, 4);
+        legal(CONV_SECONDARY_COLOR, T_COLOR, 3, 4);
+        legal(CONV_FOG_COORD, T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE, 1, 1);
+        legal(CONV_INDEX, T_UBYTE | T_SHORT | T_INT | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE, 1, 1);
+        legal(CONV_EDGE_FLAG, T_UBYTE, 1, 1);
+        for (int unit = 0; unit < TEX_COORD_UNITS; unit++) {
+            legal(CONV_TEX0 + unit, T_SHORT | T_INT | T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_PACKED, 1, 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void legal(int conv, int types, int minSize, int maxSize) {
+        LEGAL_TYPES[conv] = types;
+        MIN_SIZE[conv] = minSize;
+        MAX_SIZE[conv] = maxSize;
+    }
+
+    private static int typeBit(int type) {
+        if (type >= GL11.GL_BYTE && type <= GL30.GL_HALF_FLOAT) return 1 << type - GL11.GL_BYTE;
+        return switch (type) {
+            case GL41.GL_FIXED -> T_FIXED;
+            case GL12.GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, GL33.GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV -> T_PACKED;
+            case GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV -> T_PACKED_FLOAT;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isLegal(int types, int minSize, int maxSize, boolean bgra, int size, int type) {
+        final int bit = typeBit(type);
+        if ((types & bit) == 0) return false;
+        if (size == GL12.GL_BGRA) return bgra && (bit & (T_UBYTE | T_PACKED)) != 0;
+        return size >= minSize && size <= maxSize;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isLegalConventional(int conv, int size, int type) {
+        return isLegal(LEGAL_TYPES[conv], MIN_SIZE[conv], MAX_SIZE[conv], conv == CONV_COLOR || conv == CONV_SECONDARY_COLOR, size, type);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isLegalGeneric(int index, int size, int type, boolean integer) {
+        return index >= 0 && index < MAX_ATTRIBS && isLegal(integer ? T_INTEGER : T_GENERIC, 1, 4, !integer, size, type);
+    }
+
     private int currentVertexFlags = 0;
+    private int genericEnabled = 0;
+    private int conventionalEnabled = 0;
     private Attrib[] currentAttribs = null;
+    private Attrib[] currentGeneric = null;
+    private Attrib[] currentConventional = null;
     public int boundEBO = 0;
 
     private int clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
+    private int arrayVersion = 0;
+    private int versionClock = 0;
+    private int bufferEpoch = 0;
+    private final Int2IntOpenHashMap bufferDeletedAt = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();
 
+    private void touch() {
+        arrayVersion = ++versionClock;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isBufferLive(int buffer, int sinceEpoch) {
+        return bufferDeletedAt.get(buffer) <= sinceEpoch;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBufferLive(Attrib a) {
+        return isBufferLive(a.vboId, a.epoch);
+    }
 
     public void init(int defaultVAO) {
         final VAOData data = new VAOData();
@@ -45,6 +156,10 @@ public final class VAOManager {
         // Save old VAO data
         if (current != null) {
             current.vertexFlags = currentVertexFlags;
+            current.genericEnabled = genericEnabled;
+            current.conventionalEnabled = conventionalEnabled;
+            current.generic = currentGeneric;
+            current.conventional = currentConventional;
             if (current.ebo != boundEBO) {
                 removeEboOwner(current.ebo, current);
                 current.ebo = boundEBO;
@@ -52,6 +167,7 @@ public final class VAOManager {
             }
             current.attribs = currentAttribs;
             current.clientSideEnabledCount = clientSideEnabledCount;
+            current.arrayVersion = arrayVersion;
         }
 
         VAOData data = vaoMap.get(vaoId);
@@ -61,9 +177,14 @@ public final class VAOManager {
         }
         current = data;
         currentVertexFlags = data.vertexFlags;
+        genericEnabled = data.genericEnabled;
+        conventionalEnabled = data.conventionalEnabled;
         currentAttribs = data.attribs;
+        currentGeneric = data.generic;
+        currentConventional = data.conventional;
         boundEBO = data.ebo;
         clientSideEnabledCount = data.clientSideEnabledCount;
+        arrayVersion = data.arrayVersion;
     }
 
     public void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
@@ -73,8 +194,25 @@ public final class VAOManager {
         if (data == current) current = null;
     }
 
+    private static boolean detach(Attrib[] slots, int buffer) {
+        boolean detached = false;
+        for (final Attrib a : slots) {
+            if (a != null && a.vboId == buffer) {
+                a.vboId = 0;
+                detached = true;
+            }
+        }
+        return detached;
+    }
+
     public void onDeleteBuffer(int buffer) {
         if (buffer == 0) return;
+        bufferDeletedAt.put(buffer, ++bufferEpoch);
+        if (currentAttribs != null) {
+            boolean detached = detach(currentGeneric != null ? currentGeneric : currentAttribs, buffer);
+            if (currentConventional != null) detached |= detach(currentConventional, buffer);
+            if (detached) touch();
+        }
         VAOData owner = eboOwners.remove(buffer);
         while (owner != null) {
             final VAOData next = owner.nextEboOwner;
@@ -112,14 +250,19 @@ public final class VAOManager {
     public void enableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags |= flag; }
     public void disableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags &= ~flag; }
     public int getVertexFlags() { return currentVertexFlags; }
-    public void setVertexFlags(int flags) { currentVertexFlags = flags; }
+    public boolean isConventionalEnabled(int conv) { return (conventionalEnabled >> conv & 1) != 0; }
     public static void setCurrentVertexFlags(int flags) { GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.currentVertexFlags = flags; }
 
     public static final class VAOData {
         public Attrib[] attribs;
         public int vertexFlags;
+        public int genericEnabled;
+        public int conventionalEnabled;
+        public Attrib[] generic;
+        public Attrib[] conventional;
         public int ebo;
         public int clientSideEnabledCount;
+        int arrayVersion;
         private VAOData nextEboOwner;
 
         public VAOData() {
@@ -127,92 +270,307 @@ public final class VAOManager {
         }
     }
 
-    public void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
+    public boolean setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, normalized, false, stride, offset, vboId, null);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, normalized, false, stride, 0, 0, pointer);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setIntegerAttribute(int index, int size, int type, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, false, true, stride, offset, vboId, null);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setIntegerAttribute(int index, int size, int type, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, false, true, stride, 0, 0, pointer);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setConventional(int conv, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        return setConventional(conv, size, type, normalized, stride, offset, vboId, null);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setConventional(int conv, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        return setConventional(conv, size, type, normalized, stride, 0, 0, pointer);
+    }
+
+    private boolean setGeneric(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, boolean integer, int stride, long offset, int vboId, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
+        final Attrib g = genericSlot(index);
+        store(g, size, type, normalized, integer, stride, offset, vboId, pointer);
+        if (currentAttribs[index] == g) return true;
+        if (!isGenericEnabled(index) && isLocationConventionalEnabled(index)) return false;
+        apply(index, g);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean setConventional(int conv, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        if (conv < 0 || conv >= CONV_COUNT) return false;
+        final Attrib c = conventionalSlot(conv);
+        store(c, size, type, normalized, false, stride, offset, vboId, pointer);
+        final int index = CONV_LOCATION[conv];
+        if (index < 0) return false;
+        if (currentAttribs[index] == c) return true;
+        if (isGenericEnabled(index)) return false;
+        apply(index, c);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void store(Attrib a, int size, int type, boolean normalized, boolean integer, int stride, long offset, int vboId, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        final boolean wasClient = a.isClientSide();
         a.size = size;
         a.type = type;
         a.normalized = normalized;
+        a.integer = integer;
         a.stride = stride;
         a.offset = offset;
         a.vboId = vboId;
-        a.clientPointer = null;
-        a.genericPointer = true;
-        if (wasClient && a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount--;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
-        a.size = size;
-        a.type = type;
-        a.normalized = normalized;
-        a.stride = stride;
-        a.offset = 0;
-        a.vboId = 0;
+        a.epoch = bufferEpoch;
         a.clientPointer = pointer;
-        a.genericPointer = true;
-        if (!wasClient && a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        if (wasClient != a.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount += wasClient ? -1 : 1;
+        touch();
+    }
+
+    private void apply(int index, Attrib source) {
+        final Attrib old = currentAttribs[index];
+        if (old != null) {
+            if (old.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount--;
+            source.enabled = old.enabled;
+            old.enabled = false;
+            if (source.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        }
+        currentAttribs[index] = source;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isGenericEnabled(int index) {
+        return (genericEnabled >> index & 1) != 0;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isLocationConventionalEnabled(int index) {
+        final int conv = LOCATION_CONV[index];
+        return conv >= 0 && isConventionalEnabled(conv);
+    }
+
+    private Attrib generic(int index) {
+        return (currentGeneric != null ? currentGeneric : currentAttribs)[index];
+    }
+
+    private Attrib genericSlot(int index) {
+        final Attrib[] slots = currentGeneric != null ? currentGeneric : currentAttribs;
+        Attrib g = slots[index];
+        if (g == null) {
+            g = new Attrib();
+            g.genericPointer = true;
+            slots[index] = g;
+            if (currentAttribs[index] == null) currentAttribs[index] = g;
+        }
+        return g;
+    }
+
+    private Attrib conventionalSlot(int conv) {
+        if (currentConventional == null) {
+            currentConventional = new Attrib[CONV_COUNT];
+            currentGeneric = currentAttribs.clone();
+        }
+        Attrib c = currentConventional[conv];
+        if (c == null) {
+            c = new Attrib();
+            currentConventional[conv] = c;
+        }
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    private boolean refresh(int index) {
+        touch();
+        boolean repoint = false;
+        final boolean conventional = isLocationConventionalEnabled(index);
+        final Attrib winner = isGenericEnabled(index) ? genericSlot(index) : conventional ? currentConventional[LOCATION_CONV[index]] : null;
+        if (winner != null && winner != currentAttribs[index]) {
+            apply(index, winner);
+            repoint = true;
+        }
+        final boolean enabled = winner != null;
+        Attrib e = currentAttribs[index];
+        if (e == null) {
+            if (!enabled) return repoint;
+            e = genericSlot(index);
+        }
+        if (e.enabled != enabled) {
+            if (e.clientPointer != null) clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
+            e.enabled = enabled;
+        }
+        return repoint;
+    }
+
+    public boolean enableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
+        genericEnabled |= 1 << index;
+        return refresh(index);
+    }
+
+    public boolean disableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
+        genericEnabled &= ~(1 << index);
+        return refresh(index);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setConventionalEnabled(int conv, boolean enabled) {
+        if (conv < 0 || conv >= CONV_COUNT) return false;
+        conventionalSlot(conv);
+        if (enabled) {
+            conventionalEnabled |= 1 << conv;
+        } else {
+            conventionalEnabled &= ~(1 << conv);
+        }
+        final int index = CONV_LOCATION[conv];
+        if (index >= 0) return refresh(index);
+        touch();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean setDivisor(int index, int divisor) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return true;
+        final Attrib g = genericSlot(index);
+        g.divisor = divisor;
+        touch();
+        return currentAttribs[index] == g;
+    }
+
+    public @Nullable Attrib conventional(int conv) {
+        return conv >= 0 && currentConventional != null ? currentConventional[conv] : null;
+    }
+
+    public static final class ClientArrays {
+        public int boundVAO;
+        public int boundVBO;
+        public int boundEBO;
+        public int clientActiveTextureUnit;
+        int arrayVersion;
+        int bufferEpoch;
+        int vertexFlags;
+        int genericEnabled;
+        int conventionalEnabled;
+        int genericPresent;
+        int conventionalPresent;
+        int effectiveGeneric;
+        final Attrib[] generic = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+        final Attrib[] conventional = new Attrib[CONV_COUNT];
+    }
+
+    private static void saveSlot(Attrib[] saved, int i, Attrib source) {
+        if (saved[i] == null) saved[i] = new Attrib();
+        saved[i].copyPointer(source);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBufferLive(int buffer, ClientArrays saved) {
+        return isBufferLive(buffer, saved.bufferEpoch);
+    }
+
+    public void saveClientArrays(ClientArrays out) {
+        out.arrayVersion = arrayVersion;
+        out.bufferEpoch = bufferEpoch;
+        out.vertexFlags = currentVertexFlags;
+        out.genericEnabled = genericEnabled;
+        out.conventionalEnabled = conventionalEnabled;
+        out.genericPresent = 0;
+        out.conventionalPresent = 0;
+        out.effectiveGeneric = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final Attrib g = generic(i);
+            if (g != null) {
+                out.genericPresent |= 1 << i;
+                saveSlot(out.generic, i, g);
+            }
+            final Attrib e = currentAttribs[i];
+            if (e != null && e.genericPointer) out.effectiveGeneric |= 1 << i;
+        }
+        if (currentConventional == null) return;
+        for (int i = 0; i < CONV_COUNT; i++) {
+            final Attrib c = currentConventional[i];
+            if (c != null) {
+                out.conventionalPresent |= 1 << i;
+                saveSlot(out.conventional, i, c);
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    public boolean isGenericPointerEnabled(int index) {
+    private final Attrib[] restoreBefore = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+
+    public int restoreClientArrays(ClientArrays in) {
+        currentVertexFlags = in.vertexFlags;
+        if (arrayVersion == in.arrayVersion) return 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            if (restoreBefore[i] == null) restoreBefore[i] = new Attrib();
+            final Attrib e = currentAttribs[i];
+            if (e == null) {
+                restoreBefore[i].clearPointer();
+                restoreBefore[i].enabled = false;
+            } else {
+                restoreBefore[i].copyPointer(e);
+                restoreBefore[i].enabled = e.enabled;
+            }
+        }
+        genericEnabled = in.genericEnabled;
+        conventionalEnabled = in.conventionalEnabled;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            if ((in.genericPresent >> i & 1) != 0) {
+                genericSlot(i).copyPointer(in.generic[i]);
+            } else {
+                final Attrib g = generic(i);
+                if (g != null) g.clearPointer();
+            }
+        }
+        if (currentConventional != null || in.conventionalPresent != 0) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < CONV_COUNT; i++) {
+                if ((in.conventionalPresent >> i & 1) != 0) {
+                    conventionalSlot(i).copyPointer(in.conventional[i]);
+                } else if (currentConventional != null && currentConventional[i] != null) {
+                    currentConventional[i].clearPointer();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final int conv = LOCATION_CONV[i];
+            final Attrib g = generic(i);
+            final Attrib c = conventional(conv);
+            final boolean conventional = isLocationConventionalEnabled(i);
+            Attrib e;
+            if (isGenericEnabled(i)) {
+                e = genericSlot(i);
+            } else if (conventional) {
+                e = conventionalSlot(conv);
+            } else {
+                e = c == null || (in.effectiveGeneric >> i & 1) != 0 ? g : c;
+            }
+            if (g != null) g.enabled = false;
+            if (c != null) c.enabled = false;
+            currentAttribs[i] = e;
+            if (e != null) {
+                e.enabled = isGenericEnabled(i) || conventional;
+                if (e.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount++;
+            }
+        }
+        int changed = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final Attrib e = currentAttribs[i];
+            final Attrib before = restoreBefore[i];
+            if (e == null) {
+                if (before.enabled) changed |= 0x10000 << i;
+            } else {
+                if (e.enabled != before.enabled) changed |= 0x10000 << i;
+                if (!e.samePointer(before)) changed |= 1 << i;
+            }
+            before.clientPointer = null;
+        }
+        arrayVersion = in.arrayVersion;
+        return changed;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAttribEnabled(int index) {
         if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
         final Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
-        return a != null && a.genericPointer && a.enabled;
-    }
-
-    public void markConventional(int index) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
-        if (a != null) a.genericPointer = false;
-    }
-
-    public void setEnabled(int index, boolean enabled) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled != enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        a.enabled = enabled;
-    }
-
-    public void enableAttribute(int index) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && !a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount++;
-        }
-        a.enabled = true;
-    }
-
-    public void disableAttribute(int index) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount--;
-        }
-        a.enabled = false;
-    }
-
-    // Lazily allocate each attrib. Most VAOs don't even have 4 attribs, let alone 16.
-    private Attrib getAttrib(int index) {
-        Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
-        if (a == null) {
-            a = new Attrib();
-            currentAttribs[index] = a;
-        }
-        return a;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isClientSideAttrib(int index) {
-        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
-        return attrib != null && attrib.isClientSide();
+        return a != null && a.enabled;
     }
 
     public Attrib attrib(int index) {
@@ -286,7 +644,11 @@ public final class VAOManager {
             if (clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] < 0) continue;
             final VAOManager.Attrib a = currentAttribs[i];
             RENDER_BACKEND.bufferSubData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOOffsets[i], a.clientPointer.duplicate());
-            RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.normalized, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+            if (a.integer) {
+                RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribIPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+            } else {
+                RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.normalized, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+            }
         }
 
         GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, savedVBO);
@@ -298,9 +660,12 @@ public final class VAOManager {
         public int size;
         public int type;
         public boolean normalized;
+        public boolean integer;
         public int stride;
         public long offset;
         public int vboId;
+        public int divisor;
+        int epoch;
         public ByteBuffer clientPointer;
         public boolean genericPointer;
 
@@ -308,16 +673,35 @@ public final class VAOManager {
             return enabled && clientPointer != null;
         }
 
-        public void reset() {
-            enabled = false;
+        void copyPointer(Attrib source) {
+            size = source.size;
+            type = source.type;
+            normalized = source.normalized;
+            integer = source.integer;
+            stride = source.stride;
+            offset = source.offset;
+            vboId = source.vboId;
+            divisor = source.divisor;
+            epoch = source.epoch;
+            clientPointer = source.clientPointer;
+        }
+
+        boolean samePointer(Attrib other) {
+            return size == other.size && type == other.type && normalized == other.normalized && integer == other.integer
+                && stride == other.stride && offset == other.offset && vboId == other.vboId && divisor == other.divisor
+                && clientPointer == other.clientPointer;
+        }
+
+        void clearPointer() {
             size = 0;
             type = 0;
             normalized = false;
+            integer = false;
             stride = 0;
             offset = 0;
             vboId = 0;
+            divisor = 0;
             clientPointer = null;
-            genericPointer = false;
         }
 
         public int effectiveStride() {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexKey.java

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ public final class VertexKey {
     private static final int BIT_TEXGEN_R            = BIT_TEXGEN_T + 3;
     private static final int BIT_TEXGEN_Q            = BIT_TEXGEN_R + 3;
     private static final int BIT_CLIP_PLANES         = BIT_TEXGEN_Q + 3;
-    private static final int BIT_WIDE_LINE           = BIT_CLIP_PLANES + 1;
-    private static final int BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE    = BIT_WIDE_LINE + 1;
+    private static final int BIT_LINE_QUADS          = BIT_CLIP_PLANES + 1;
+    private static final int BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE    = BIT_LINE_QUADS + 1;
     private static final int BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0 = BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE + MAX_UNITS;
     private static final int BIT_LINE_STIPPLE        = BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0 + 1;
     private static final int BIT_INSTANCING          = BIT_LINE_STIPPLE + 1;
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ public final class VertexKey {
     public int texGenModeQ()              { return (int)((packed >> BIT_TEXGEN_Q) & 0x7); }
     public boolean texGenEnabled()        { return texGenModeS() != TG_NONE || texGenModeT() != TG_NONE || texGenModeR() != TG_NONE || texGenModeQ() != TG_NONE; }
     public boolean clipPlanesEnabled()    { return bit(BIT_CLIP_PLANES); }
-    public boolean wideLineEmulation()   { return bit(BIT_WIDE_LINE); }
     public boolean lineStipple()          { return bit(BIT_LINE_STIPPLE); }
+    public boolean lineQuads()            { return bit(BIT_LINE_QUADS); }
     public Instancing instancing()         { return Instancing.VALUES[(int) ((packed >> BIT_INSTANCING) & INSTANCING_MASK)]; }
 
     public boolean cmReplacesAmbient()    { final int m = colorMaterialMode(); return m == CM_AMBIENT || m == CM_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE; }
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ public final class VertexKey {
 
         // Vertex format flags
         if (hasColor) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_COLOR);
-        if (hasNormal) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_NORMAL);
+        if (hasNormal && !glCtx.lineQuadsActive) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_NORMAL);
         if (hasTexCoord) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_TEX);
         if (hasLightmap) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_LIGHTMAP);
 
@@ -238,14 +238,14 @@ public final class VertexKey {
             bits |= (1L << BIT_CLIP_PLANES);
         }
 
-        if (glCtx.wideLineEmulationActive) {
-            bits |= (1L << BIT_WIDE_LINE);
-        }
-
         if (glCtx.lineStippleActive) {
             bits |= (1L << BIT_LINE_STIPPLE);
         }
 
+        if (glCtx.lineQuadsActive) {
+            bits |= (1L << BIT_LINE_QUADS);
+        }
+
         bits |= (long) glCtx.ffpInstancing.ordinal() << BIT_INSTANCING;
 
         return bits;
@@ -277,6 +277,6 @@ public final class VertexKey {
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return String.format("FFPVertexKey[0x%011X: lit=%b l0=%b l1=%b cm=%b fog=%b tex=%d%d%d%d texmat=%d%d%d%d col=%b nrm=%b vtex=%b vlm=%b tg=%d/%d/%d/%d clip=%b wline=%b inst=%s]", packed,lightingEnabled(), lightEnabled(0), lightEnabled(1), colorMaterialEnabled(), fogEnabled(), unitTexCoordEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(3)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(3)?1:0, hasVertexColor(), hasVertexNormal(), hasVertexTexCoord(), hasVertexLightmap(), texGenModeS(), texGenModeT(), texGenModeR(), texGenModeQ(), clipPlanesEnabled(), wideLineEmulation(), instancing());
+        return String.format("FFPVertexKey[0x%012X: lit=%b l0=%b l1=%b cm=%b fog=%b tex=%d%d%d%d texmat=%d%d%d%d col=%b nrm=%b vtex=%b vlm=%b tg=%d/%d/%d/%d clip=%b lquads=%b inst=%s]", packed,lightingEnabled(), lightEnabled(0), lightEnabled(1), colorMaterialEnabled(), fogEnabled(), unitTexCoordEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(3)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(3)?1:0, hasVertexColor(), hasVertexNormal(), hasVertexTexCoord(), hasVertexLightmap(), texGenModeS(), texGenModeT(), texGenModeR(), texGenModeQ(), clipPlanesEnabled(), lineQuads(), instancing());
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexShaderGenerator.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.shader.ShaderLoader;
 
 /**
  * Generates GLSL 330 core vertex shaders for FFP emulation.
@@ -19,6 +20,9 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
         emitAttributes(sb, key);
         emitUniforms(sb, key);
         emitOutputs(sb, key);
+        if (key.lineQuads()) {
+            sb.append(ShaderLoader.getShaderSource("angelica:include/line_quads.glsl")).append('\n');
+        }
 
         sb.append("void main() {\n");
         if (key.instancing() == Instancing.WEATHER) {
@@ -34,28 +38,16 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
         }
         emitTexCoordPassthrough(sb, key);
         if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            emitLineStart(sb);
+            emitLineStart(sb, key.lineQuads() ? "lineCenter" : "gl_Position");
         }
         if (key.fogEnabled()) {
             emitFogDistance(sb, key);
         }
         if (key.clipPlanesEnabled()) {
-            emitClipDistances(sb);
+            emitClipDistances(sb, key);
         }
         sb.append("}\n");
-
-        String source = sb.toString();
-        if (key.wideLineEmulation()) {
-            source = source.replace("v_SpecularColor", "v_SpecularColor_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord0", "v_TexCoord0_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord1", "v_TexCoord1_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord2", "v_TexCoord2_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord3", "v_TexCoord3_gs")
-                           .replace("v_FogCoord", "v_FogCoord_gs")
-                           .replace("v_LineStart", "v_LineStart_gs")
-                           .replace("v_Color", "v_Color_gs");
-        }
-        return source;
+        return sb.toString();
     }
 
     private static void emitAttributes(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
@@ -78,6 +70,8 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
             }
             if (key.hasVertexNormal() || kind == Instancing.CUBE) {
                 sb.append("layout(location = ").append(VertexFormatElement.Usage.NORMAL.getAttributeLocation()).append(") in vec3 a_Normal;\n");
+            } else if (key.lineQuads()) {
+                sb.append("layout(location = ").append(VertexFormatElement.Usage.NORMAL.getAttributeLocation()).append(") in vec3 a_LineOtherEnd;\n");
             }
         }
         for (String d : InstancedGlslHelpers.attributeDecls("a_", kind)) {
@@ -97,8 +91,8 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
         };
     }
 
-    private static void emitLineStart(StringBuilder sb) {
-        sb.append("  vec2 ndc = gl_Position.xy / gl_Position.w;\n");
+    private static void emitLineStart(StringBuilder sb, String clipPosition) {
+        sb.append("  vec2 ndc = ").append(clipPosition).append(".xy / ").append(clipPosition).append(".w;\n");
         sb.append("  v_LineStart = u_Viewport.xy + (ndc * 0.5 + 0.5) * u_Viewport.zw;\n\n");
     }
 
@@ -110,9 +104,9 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
     private static void emitOutputs(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
         sb.append("// Outputs\n");
         sb.append("out vec4 v_Color;\n");
+        sb.append("invariant gl_Position;\n");
         if (key.instancing().hasInstanceHead()) {
             sb.append("out vec4 v_Overlay;\n");
-            sb.append("invariant gl_Position;\n");
         }
         if (key.lineStipple()) {
             sb.append("flat out vec2 v_LineStart;\n");
@@ -151,15 +145,32 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
             sb.append("  v_Overlay = a_InstOverlay;\n");
         } else {
             sb.append("  gl_Position = u_MVPMatrix * pos4;\n");
+            if (key.lineQuads()) {
+                emitLineQuadWidening(sb, key);
+            }
 
             // Eye position needed for lighting, fog, EYE_LINEAR texgen, and clip planes
             if (key.lightingEnabled() || key.fogEnabled() || texGenNeedsEyePos(key) || key.clipPlanesEnabled()) {
                 sb.append("  vec4 eyePos = u_ModelViewMatrix * pos4;\n");
             }
+            if (key.lineQuads() && (key.fogEnabled() || key.clipPlanesEnabled())) {
+                sb.append("  vec4 lineEyeOther = u_ModelViewMatrix * vec4(a_LineOtherEnd, 1.0);\n");
+            }
         }
         sb.append('\n');
     }
 
+    private static void emitLineQuadWidening(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
+        sb.append("  int lineCorner = gl_VertexID % 6;\n");
+        sb.append("  bool lineStart = angelica_lineStart(lineCorner);\n");
+        sb.append("  vec4 lineOther = u_MVPMatrix * vec4(a_LineOtherEnd, 1.0);\n");
+        if (key.lineStipple()) {
+            sb.append("  vec4 lineCenter = lineStart ? gl_Position : lineOther;\n");
+        }
+        sb.append("  float lineT;\n");
+        sb.append("  gl_Position = angelica_lineQuad(gl_Position, lineOther, lineCorner, u_ViewportSize, u_LineWidth, lineT);\n");
+    }
+
     private static void emitNormalTransform(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
         sb.append("  // Normal transform\n");
         final String srcNormal = key.hasVertexNormal() && key.instancing() != Instancing.PARTICLE ? "a_Normal" : "u_CurrentNormal";
@@ -380,24 +391,21 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
 
     private static void emitFogDistance(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
         sb.append("  // Fog distance\n");
-        // Mesa ffvertex_prog.c build_fog(): FDM_EYE_RADIAL/EYE_PLANE/EYE_PLANE_ABS
-        final int fogDistMode = key.fogDistanceMode();
-        switch (fogDistMode) {
-            case 0 -> // FDM_EYE_RADIAL: Euclidean distance
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = length(eyePos.xyz);\n");
-            case 1 -> // FDM_EYE_PLANE: raw Z (can be negative, clamped by fog factor)
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = eyePos.z;\n");
-            case 2 -> // FDM_EYE_PLANE_ABS: absolute Z
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = abs(eyePos.z);\n");
-            default ->
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = abs(eyePos.z);\n");
+        final String own = FfpGlsl.fogDistance(key.fogDistanceMode(), "eyePos");
+        final String fog = key.lineQuads() ? acrossLine(own, FfpGlsl.fogDistance(key.fogDistanceMode(), "lineEyeOther")) : own;
+        sb.append("  v_FogCoord = ").append(fog).append(";\n");
+    }
+
+    private static void emitClipDistances(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
+        sb.append("  // Clip distances\n");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            final String own = "dot(u_ClipPlane[" + i + "], eyePos)";
+            final String distance = key.lineQuads() ? acrossLine(own, "dot(u_ClipPlane[" + i + "], lineEyeOther)") : own;
+            sb.append("  gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = ").append(distance).append(";\n");
         }
     }
 
-    private static void emitClipDistances(StringBuilder sb) {
-        sb.append("  // Clip distances\n");
-        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            sb.append("  gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = dot(u_ClipPlane[").append(i).append("], eyePos);\n");
-        }
+    private static String acrossLine(String own, String other) {
+        return "mix(lineStart ? " + own + " : " + other + ", lineStart ? " + other + " : " + own + ", lineT)";
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/DeferredAlphaHandler.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks;
 
 public interface DeferredAlphaHandler {
     boolean isAlphaTestLocked();
+    boolean isOverrideHeld();
     boolean deferAlphaTestToggle(boolean enabled);
     boolean deferAlphaFunc(int function, float reference);
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/FrameHooks.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public final class FrameHooks {
     }
 
     public static void frameEnd() {
+        GLStateManager.onFrameEnd();
         popFrameGroup();
         RENDER_BACKEND.onFrameEnd();
     }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/GLSMHooks.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ public final class GLSMHooks {
     public static DeferredDepthColorHandler depthColorHandler;
     public static GlintColorHandler glintColorHandler;
     public static ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler immediateExtendedHandler;
+    public static LineDrawHandler lineDrawHandler;
     public static ShaderTransformPostProcessor postTransformProcessor;
     public static PerFrameUniformBlock perFrameUniformBlock;
     public static PerFrameUniformBlock perPassUniformBlock;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.java

@@ -3,15 +3,18 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.InstancedAttribs;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 public interface ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler {
 
     int EXT_STRIDE = 12;
+    int ENTITY_IDS_STRIDE = 8;
     int LOC_MC_ENTITY = 11;
     int LOC_MID_TEX = 12;
     int LOC_TANGENT = 13;
     int LOC_MIDBLOCK = 14;
+    int LOC_ENTITY_IDS = 15;
 
     int RAW_NORMAL_INDEX = 6;
 
@@ -19,6 +22,8 @@ public interface ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler {
 
     boolean wantsTangent();
 
+    boolean wantsEntityIds();
+
     boolean wantsExtendedCapture();
 
     boolean wantsFaceNormals();
@@ -65,4 +70,9 @@ public interface ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler {
         GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(LOC_TANGENT);
         GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(LOC_TANGENT, 4, GL11.GL_BYTE, true, stride, baseOffset + 8);
     }
+
+    static void setupEntityIdsPointer(long offset, int stride) {
+        GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(LOC_ENTITY_IDS);
+        InstancedAttribs.pointEntityIds(LOC_ENTITY_IDS, stride, offset);
+    }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/LineDrawHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks;
+
+public interface LineDrawHandler {
+
+    boolean bindLineProgram();
+
+    void restoreProgram();
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/TextureUtilHooks.java

@@ -47,6 +47,31 @@ public final class TextureUtilHooks {
         GLStateManager.ctx().savedFilterTextureId = 0;
     }
 
+    public static boolean beginFilterSave(boolean blurred, boolean mipmap, float aniso) {
+        captureBoundFilterTexture();
+        return GLStateManager.beginExitTextureFilter(!blurred && !mipmap && aniso == 1);
+    }
+
+    public static void endFilterSave(boolean captured) {
+        if (captured) GLStateManager.finishExitTextureFilterSave();
+    }
+
+    public static boolean beginFilterRestore() {
+        return GLStateManager.beginExitTextureFilterRestore();
+    }
+
+    public static void endFilterRestore(boolean captured) {
+        try {
+            if (captured) GLStateManager.finishExitTextureFilterRestore();
+        } finally {
+            clearSavedFilterTexture();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void filterFailed(boolean captured) {
+        if (captured) GLStateManager.failExitTextureFilter();
+    }
+
     public static void restoreFilter(int min, int mag) {
         final int id = GLStateManager.ctx().savedFilterTextureId;
         if (id != 0 && DisplayListManager.getRecordMode() == DisplayListManager.RecordMode.NONE) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/loading/EcosystemNarrowRules.java

@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ public final class EcosystemNarrowRules {
             "com.tihyo.legends.management.asm.AbstractTransformer",
             "com.tihyo.legends.management.asm.ASMHelper",
             "com.tihyo.legends.management.asm.Transformer"
+        )),
+
+        new NarrowRule("PowerConverters", "covers1624.powerconverters.", List.of(
+            "covers1624.powerconverters.asm",
+            "covers1624.powerconverters.randomdebugshit.CoFHDevEnvHacks"
         ))
     );
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/CommandBufferExecutor.java

@@ -525,8 +525,9 @@ public final class CommandBufferExecutor {
                     ptr += 4;
                 }
                 case GLCommand.BIND_VAO -> {
-                    GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(memGetInt(ptr));
+                    final int vao = memGetInt(ptr);
                     ptr += 4;
+                    if (compiledDisplayList.replaysVertexArrayBind(vao)) GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
                 }
 
                 // === Complex object reference ===

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/CompiledDisplayList.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.DisplayListManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLContextState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands.DisplayListCommand;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands.IndexedDrawBatch;
@@ -30,12 +31,13 @@ public final class CompiledDisplayList {
      * Empty display list singleton. Per OpenGL spec, an empty list is still valid.
      * This instance does nothing when rendered and is never deleted (shared singleton).
      */
-    public static final CompiledDisplayList EMPTY = new CompiledDisplayList(null, null, null, Collections.emptyList());
+    public static final CompiledDisplayList EMPTY = new CompiledDisplayList(null, null, null, Collections.emptyList(), null);
 
     private final ByteBuffer commandBuffer;     // Off-heap command storage, must be freed
     private final DisplayListCommand[] complexObjects;      // Complex commands (TexImage2D, etc.)
     private final DisplayListVBO ownedVbos;     // GPU resources referenced by index
     private final List<IndexedDrawBatch> indexedBatches; // Shared VAO/VBO/EBO triples per layout group
+    private GLContextState compileCtx;
     private Int2IntMap replayPrograms;
     private long programLifetimeGeneration = -1;
 
@@ -55,11 +57,16 @@ public final class CompiledDisplayList {
         return valid ? program : 0;
     }
 
-    public CompiledDisplayList(ByteBuffer commandBuffer, DisplayListCommand[] complexObjects, DisplayListVBO ownedVbos, List<IndexedDrawBatch> indexedBatches) {
+    public CompiledDisplayList(ByteBuffer commandBuffer, DisplayListCommand[] complexObjects, DisplayListVBO ownedVbos, List<IndexedDrawBatch> indexedBatches, GLContextState compileCtx) {
         this.commandBuffer = commandBuffer;
         this.complexObjects = complexObjects;
         this.ownedVbos = ownedVbos;
         this.indexedBatches = indexedBatches;
+        this.compileCtx = compileCtx;
+    }
+
+    boolean replaysVertexArrayBind(int vao) {
+        return vao == 0 || compileCtx == GLStateManager.ctx();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -101,6 +108,7 @@ public final class CompiledDisplayList {
         if (commandBuffer != null) {
             memFree(commandBuffer);
         }
+        compileCtx = null;
     }
 
     /**

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/DisplayListVBO.java

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vao.IVertexArrayObject;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming.LineQuads;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.FfpExtendedAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
@@ -55,9 +57,20 @@ public final class DisplayListVBO {
         private final int count;
         private final int vertexFlags;
         private int pendingExtVbo = 0;
+        private IVertexArrayObject lineQuads;
+        private int lineQuadStart;
+        private int lineQuadCount;
+        private int lineQuadFlags;
 
         void setPendingExtVbo(int extVbo) { this.pendingExtVbo = extVbo; }
 
+        void setLineQuads(IVertexArrayObject quads, int start, int count, int flags) {
+            this.lineQuads = quads;
+            this.lineQuadStart = start;
+            this.lineQuadCount = count;
+            this.lineQuadFlags = flags;
+        }
+
         public SubVBO(IVertexArrayObject vao, int drawMode, int start, int count, int vertexFlags) {
             this.vao = vao;
             this.drawMode = drawMode;
@@ -80,10 +93,15 @@ public final class DisplayListVBO {
 
         public void delete() {
             vao.delete();
+            if (lineQuads != null) lineQuads.delete();
         }
 
         public void render() {
             if (vao == null) return;
+            if (lineQuads != null && GLStateManager.ffpWidensLineQuads()) {
+                renderLineQuads();
+                return;
+            }
             vao.bind();
             if (pendingExtVbo != 0) {
                 GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pendingExtVbo);
@@ -102,6 +120,18 @@ public final class DisplayListVBO {
             vao.unbind();
         }
 
+        private void renderLineQuads() {
+            lineQuads.bind();
+            final boolean culled = LineQuads.beginDraw(lineQuadFlags);
+            FfpExtendedAttribs.beginInternalDraw();
+            try {
+                lineQuads.draw(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, lineQuadStart, lineQuadCount);
+            } finally {
+                FfpExtendedAttribs.endInternalDraw();
+                LineQuads.endDraw(culled);
+            }
+            lineQuads.unbind();
+        }
 
         public IVertexArrayObject getVAO() {
             return vao;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/DisplayListVBOBuilder.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming.LineQuads;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
             final IntArrayList extStarts = wantExt ? new IntArrayList() : null;
             final IntArrayList extCounts = wantExt ? new IntArrayList() : null;
             final IntArrayList extPrims = wantExt ? new IntArrayList() : null;
+            // drawIndex, start, vertexCount, drawMode for each line draw
+            final IntArrayList lineDraws = GLStateManager.wideLineEmulationEnabled ? new IntArrayList() : null;
 
             for (FormatData data : formatData) {
                 int vertexCount;
@@ -123,6 +126,12 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
                     vbos[data.drawIndex] = new DisplayListVBO.SubVBO(vao, GL11.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, start, vertexCount, flags);
                 } else {
                     vbos[data.drawIndex] = new DisplayListVBO.SubVBO(vao, data.drawMode, start, vertexCount, flags);
+                    if (lineDraws != null && LineQuads.segmentCount(data.drawMode, vertexCount) > 0) {
+                        lineDraws.add(data.drawIndex);
+                        lineDraws.add(start);
+                        lineDraws.add(vertexCount);
+                        lineDraws.add(data.drawMode);
+                    }
                 }
 
 
@@ -130,6 +139,9 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
             }
             ByteBuffer bigBuffer = mergeAndDelete(allBuffers);
             vbo.allocate(bigBuffer, start);
+            if (lineDraws != null && !lineDraws.isEmpty()) {
+                attachLineQuads(vbos, format, bigBuffer, lineDraws);
+            }
 
             if (wantExt && !extDrawIndexes.isEmpty()) {
                 final int extVbo = buildExt(extHandler, format, bigBuffer, extStarts, extCounts, extPrims);
@@ -148,6 +160,34 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
         return new DisplayListVBO(vbos, extVbos.toIntArray());
     }
 
+    // The line width is only known at playback, so lines keep their own draw and also get quads to widen
+    private static void attachLineQuads(DisplayListVBO.SubVBO[] vbos, VertexFormat format, ByteBuffer vertices, IntArrayList lineDraws) {
+        final VertexFormat quadFormat = LineQuads.quadFormat(format);
+        final int quadSize = quadFormat.getVertexSize();
+        int quadVertices = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < lineDraws.size(); i += 4) {
+            quadVertices += LineQuads.segmentCount(lineDraws.getInt(i + 3), lineDraws.getInt(i + 2)) * LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT;
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer quads = memAlloc(quadVertices * quadSize);
+        final long src = memAddress0(vertices);
+        final long dst = memAddress0(quads);
+        final int stride = format.getVertexSize();
+        final IVertexArrayObject quadVao = VAOManager.createStorageVAO(quadFormat, -1, 0);
+        int quadStart = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < lineDraws.size(); i += 4) {
+            final int start = lineDraws.getInt(i + 1);
+            final int count = lineDraws.getInt(i + 2);
+            final int mode = lineDraws.getInt(i + 3);
+            final int corners = LineQuads.segmentCount(mode, count) * LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT;
+            LineQuads.expandWithOtherEnd(src + (long) start * stride, format, mode, count, dst + (long) quadStart * quadSize);
+            vbos[lineDraws.getInt(i)].setLineQuads(quadVao, quadStart, corners, quadFormat.getVertexFlags());
+            quadStart += corners;
+        }
+        quadVao.getVBO().allocate(quads, quadVertices);
+        memFree(quads);
+    }
+
     private static int buildExt(ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler handler, VertexFormat format, ByteBuffer bigBuffer,
                                 IntArrayList extStarts, IntArrayList extCounts, IntArrayList extPrims) {
         final int extStride = ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/ImmediateModeRecorder.java

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.DirectTessellator;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.TessellatorManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.QuadConverter;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
@@ -13,6 +15,10 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Queue;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetByte;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetInt;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetShort;
+
 /**
  * Records immediate mode GL calls (glBegin/glEnd/glVertex) via {@link DirectTessellator}.
  * Used both during display list compilation and for live immediate mode emulation in core profile.
@@ -213,6 +219,34 @@ public final class ImmediateModeRecorder {
         }
     }
 
+    public static DirectTessellator processDrawElementsFromAttribs(int mode, int count, int indexType, long indices) {
+        final long minMax = QuadConverter.scanMinMaxIndex(indices, indexType, count);
+        if (minMax == -1L) return null;
+        final int minVertex = (int) (minMax & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+        final int maxVertex = (int) (minMax >>> 32);
+        final AttribSnapshot snap = AttribSnapshot.snapshot(minVertex, maxVertex - minVertex + 1);
+        if (snap == null) return null;
+        try {
+            prepareReaders(snap);
+            if (positionReaderIndex < 0) return null;
+            begin(mode);
+            final DirectTessellator t = tessellator();
+            final int indexSize = GLTypes.sizeBytes(indexType);
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                final long at = indices + (long) i * indexSize;
+                final int vertex = switch (indexType) {
+                    case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> memGetByte(at) & 0xFF;
+                    case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> memGetShort(at) & 0xFFFF;
+                    default -> memGetInt(at);
+                };
+                readVertexFromBuffer(t, vertex);
+            }
+            return end();
+        } finally {
+            snap.free();
+        }
+    }
+
     private static void prepareReaders(AttribSnapshot snap) {
         nonPositionCount = 0;
         positionReaderIndex = -1;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/BatchedIndexedDrawCmd.java

@@ -3,21 +3,20 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 
 public final class BatchedIndexedDrawCmd implements DisplayListCommand {
-    private int sharedVAO;
+    private IndexedDrawBatch batch;
     private int drawMode;
     private int indexCount;
     private int indexType;
     private long indexByteOffset;
 
-    public void fill(int sharedVAO, int drawMode, int indexCount, int indexType, long indexByteOffset) {
-        this.sharedVAO = sharedVAO;
+    public void fill(IndexedDrawBatch batch, int drawMode, int indexCount, int indexType, long indexByteOffset) {
+        this.batch = batch;
         this.drawMode = drawMode;
         this.indexCount = indexCount;
         this.indexType = indexType;
         this.indexByteOffset = indexByteOffset;
     }
 
-    public int getSharedVAO() { return sharedVAO; }
     public int getDrawMode() { return drawMode; }
     public int getIndexCount() { return indexCount; }
     public int getIndexType() { return indexType; }
@@ -25,13 +24,13 @@ public final class BatchedIndexedDrawCmd implements DisplayListCommand {
 
     @Override
     public void execute() {
-        if (sharedVAO == 0) return;
-        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(sharedVAO);
+        if (batch == null) return;
+        batch.bind();
         GLStateManager.glDrawElements(drawMode, indexCount, indexType, indexByteOffset);
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return "BatchedIndexedDrawCmd(vao=" + sharedVAO + ", mode=" + drawMode + ", count=" + indexCount + ", type=" + indexType + ", offset=" + indexByteOffset + ")";
+        return "BatchedIndexedDrawCmd(batch=" + batch + ", mode=" + drawMode + ", count=" + indexCount + ", type=" + indexType + ", offset=" + indexByteOffset + ")";
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/IndexedDrawBatch.java

@@ -1,34 +1,60 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLContextState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
 public final class IndexedDrawBatch {
-    private int sharedVAO;
+    private final AttribLayoutKey layout;
     private int sharedVBO;
     private int sharedEBO;
+    private int vao;
+    private GLContextState vaoCtx;
     private boolean deleted;
 
-    public IndexedDrawBatch(int sharedVAO, int sharedVBO, int sharedEBO) {
-        this.sharedVAO = sharedVAO;
+    public IndexedDrawBatch(AttribLayoutKey layout, int sharedVBO, int sharedEBO) {
+        this.layout = layout;
         this.sharedVBO = sharedVBO;
         this.sharedEBO = sharedEBO;
     }
 
-    public int getSharedVAO() { return sharedVAO; }
     public int getSharedVBO() { return sharedVBO; }
     public int getSharedEBO() { return sharedEBO; }
 
+    public void bind() {
+        final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+        if (vaoCtx == glCtx) {
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            return;
+        }
+        final int prevVBO = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
+        final int v = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(v);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sharedVBO);
+        final int stride = layout.stride();
+        for (int i = 0; i < layout.locations.length; i++) {
+            final int loc = layout.locations[i];
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(loc, layout.sizes[i], layout.types[i], layout.normalized[i], stride, layout.offset(i));
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc);
+        }
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sharedEBO);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevVBO);
+        vao = v;
+        vaoCtx = glCtx;
+    }
+
     public void delete() {
         if (deleted) return;
         deleted = true;
-        if (sharedVAO != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(sharedVAO);
+        if (vaoCtx == GLStateManager.ctx()) GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
         if (sharedVBO != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(sharedVBO);
         if (sharedEBO != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(sharedEBO);
-        sharedVAO = sharedVBO = sharedEBO = 0;
+        vao = sharedVBO = sharedEBO = 0;
+        vaoCtx = null;
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return "IndexedDrawBatch(vao=" + sharedVAO + ", vbo=" + sharedVBO + ", ebo=" + sharedEBO + ")";
+        return "IndexedDrawBatch(vao=" + vao + ", vbo=" + sharedVBO + ", ebo=" + sharedEBO + ")";
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/IndexedDrawBatchBuilder.java

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ public final class IndexedDrawBatchBuilder {
         final List<IndexedDrawBatch> out = new ArrayList<>();
         if (captures.isEmpty()) return out;
 
-        final int prevVAO = GLStateManager.getBoundVAO();
         final int prevVBO = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
         final int prevEBO = GLStateManager.getBoundEBO();
 
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ public final class IndexedDrawBatchBuilder {
             if (!success) {
                 for (GroupResult r : results) r.batch.delete();
             }
-            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(prevVAO);
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevEBO);
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevVBO);
         }
@@ -69,9 +67,8 @@ public final class IndexedDrawBatchBuilder {
     private record GroupResult(IndexedDrawBatch batch, List<IndexedDrawCapture> captures,
                                int[] drawModes, int[] indexCounts, long[] indexOffsets) {
         void commit() {
-            final int sharedVAO = batch.getSharedVAO();
             for (int i = 0; i < captures.size(); i++) {
-                captures.get(i).placeholder.fill(sharedVAO, drawModes[i], indexCounts[i], GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indexOffsets[i]);
+                captures.get(i).placeholder.fill(batch, drawModes[i], indexCounts[i], GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indexOffsets[i]);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -87,7 +84,6 @@ public final class IndexedDrawBatchBuilder {
             throw new IllegalStateException("batch exceeds 2GiB — split needed");
         }
 
-        int sharedVAO = 0;
         int sharedVBO = 0;
         int sharedEBO = 0;
         ByteBuffer eboData = null;
@@ -99,12 +95,10 @@ public final class IndexedDrawBatchBuilder {
         final long[] indexOffsets = new long[n];
 
         try {
-            sharedVAO = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
             sharedVBO = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
             sharedEBO = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
             eboData = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc((int) totalIndexBytes);
 
-            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(sharedVAO);
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sharedVBO);
             GLStateManager.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, totalVertexBytes, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
@@ -146,23 +140,12 @@ public final class IndexedDrawBatchBuilder {
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sharedEBO);
             GLStateManager.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, eboData, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-            final AttribLayoutKey layout = group.get(0).layoutKey;
-            final int stride = layout.stride();
-            for (int i = 0; i < layout.locations.length; i++) {
-                final int loc = layout.locations[i];
-                final int size = layout.sizes[i];
-                final int type = layout.types[i];
-                GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(loc, size, type, layout.normalized[i], stride, layout.offset(i));
-                GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(loc);
-            }
-
             success = true;
-            return new GroupResult(new IndexedDrawBatch(sharedVAO, sharedVBO, sharedEBO),
+            return new GroupResult(new IndexedDrawBatch(group.get(0).layoutKey, sharedVBO, sharedEBO),
                 group, drawModes, indexCounts, indexOffsets);
         } finally {
             if (eboData != null) MemoryUtilities.memFree(eboData);
             if (!success) {
-                if (sharedVAO != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(sharedVAO);
                 if (sharedVBO != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(sharedVBO);
                 if (sharedEBO != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(sharedEBO);
             }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/TexImage2DCmd.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLDebug;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public record TexImage2DCmd(
     int format,
     int type,
     @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels,
-    @Nullable PixelUnpackState unpack
+    @Nullable PixelStoreState unpack
 ) implements DisplayListCommand {
 
     public TexImage2DCmd {
@@ -37,19 +37,19 @@ public record TexImage2DCmd(
         }
     }
 
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/TexSubImage2DCmd.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLDebug;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public record TexSubImage2DCmd(
     int format,
     int type,
     @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels,
-    @Nullable PixelUnpackState unpack
+    @Nullable PixelStoreState unpack
 ) implements DisplayListCommand {
 
     public TexSubImage2DCmd {
@@ -37,19 +37,19 @@ public record TexSubImage2DCmd(
         }
     }
 
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
         return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMRedirector.java

@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
     private static final String OpenGlHelper = "net/minecraft/client/renderer/OpenGlHelper";
     private static final String EXTBlendFunc = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTBlendFuncSeparate";
     private static final String EXTSecondaryColor = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTSecondaryColor";
+    private static final String EXTFogCoord = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTFogCoord";
     private static final String ARBMultiTexture = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBMultitexture";
     private static final String ARBShaderObjects = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBShaderObjects";
     private static final String ARBInstancedArrays = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBInstancedArrays";
@@ -166,6 +167,14 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
     private static final String EXTTimerQuery = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTTimerQuery";
     private static final String ARBSamplerObjects = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBSamplerObjects";
     private static final String ARBMultiBind = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBMultiBind";
+    private static final String ARBDirectStateAccess = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBDirectStateAccess";
+    private static final String ARBGeometryShader4 = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBGeometryShader4";
+    private static final String EXTGeometryShader4 = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTGeometryShader4";
+    private static final String NVGeometryProgram4 = "org/lwjgl/opengl/NVGeometryProgram4";
+    private static final String EXTTextureArray = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTTextureArray";
+    private static final String EXTDirectStateAccess = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTDirectStateAccess";
+    private static final String ARBShaderImageLoadStore = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBShaderImageLoadStore";
+    private static final String EXTShaderImageLoadStore = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTShaderImageLoadStore";
 
     // Redirect VAO related calls from NHLib
     private static final String UniversalVAO = "com/gtnewhorizon/gtnhlib/client/opengl/UniversalVAO";
@@ -378,6 +387,8 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glEnableClientState")
             .add("glDisableClientState")
             .add("glInterleavedArrays")
+            .add("glEdgeFlagPointer")
+            .add("glGetPointer")
             .add("glPushClientAttrib")
             .add("glPopClientAttrib")
             .add("glViewport")
@@ -408,11 +419,16 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glMultiDrawArrays")
             .add("glPointParameterf")
             .add("glPointParameteri")
+            .add("glPointParameter")
+            .add("glPointParameterfv", "glPointParameter")
+            .add("glPointParameteriv", "glPointParameter")
             // Removed in core profile - emulated by the FFP shaders, calling through would abort the JVM
             .add("glSecondaryColor3f")
             .add("glSecondaryColor3d")
             .add("glSecondaryColor3b")
-            .add("glSecondaryColor3ub");
+            .add("glSecondaryColor3ub")
+            .add("glSecondaryColorPointer")
+            .add("glFogCoordPointer");
         final var gl15 = RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glGenBuffers")
             .add("glBindBuffer")
@@ -505,7 +521,10 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glDeleteFramebuffers")
             .add("glGenFramebuffers")
             .add("glCheckFramebufferStatus")
+            .add("glFramebufferTexture1D")
             .add("glFramebufferTexture2D")
+            .add("glFramebufferTexture3D")
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureLayer")
             .add("glVertexAttribIPointer")
             .add("glGenerateMipmap")
             .add("glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameteri")
@@ -559,11 +578,18 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
         final var gl44 = RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glBufferStorage")
             .add("glBindSamplers")
-            .add("glClearTexImage");
+            .add("glClearTexImage")
+            .add("glBindTextures")
+            .add("glBindImageTextures");
         final var gl45 = RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glCreateBuffers")
             .add("glNamedBufferData")
-            .add("glNamedBufferSubData");
+            .add("glNamedBufferSubData")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTexture")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTextureLayer")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferRenderbuffer")
+            .add("glCreateTextures")
+            .add("glBindTextureUnit");
         final var gl46 = RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glPolygonOffsetClamp")
             .add("glMultiDrawArraysIndirectCount")
@@ -604,7 +630,9 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glSecondaryColor3bEXT", "glSecondaryColor3b")
             .add("glSecondaryColor3fEXT", "glSecondaryColor3f")
             .add("glSecondaryColor3dEXT", "glSecondaryColor3d")
-            .add("glSecondaryColor3ubEXT", "glSecondaryColor3ub"));
+            .add("glSecondaryColor3ubEXT", "glSecondaryColor3ub")
+            .add("glSecondaryColorPointerEXT", "glSecondaryColorPointer"));
+        methodRedirects.put(EXTFogCoord, RedirectMap.newMap().add("glFogCoordPointerEXT", "glFogCoordPointer"));
 
         // ARB
         methodRedirects.put(ARBMultiTexture, RedirectMap.newMap()
@@ -620,24 +648,31 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glDeleteFramebuffers")
             .add("glGenFramebuffers")
             .add("glCheckFramebufferStatus")
+            .add("glFramebufferTexture1D")
             .add("glFramebufferTexture2D")
+            .add("glFramebufferTexture3D")
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureLayer")
             .add("glBindRenderbuffer")
             .add("glDeleteRenderbuffers")
             .add("glGenRenderbuffers")
             .add("glRenderbufferStorage")
             .add("glFramebufferRenderbuffer")
+            .add("glGenerateMipmap")
         );
         methodRedirects.put(EXTFramebufferObject, RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glBindFramebufferEXT", "glBindFramebuffer")
             .add("glDeleteFramebuffersEXT", "glDeleteFramebuffers")
             .add("glGenFramebuffersEXT", "glGenFramebuffers")
             .add("glCheckFramebufferStatusEXT", "glCheckFramebufferStatus")
+            .add("glFramebufferTexture1DEXT", "glFramebufferTexture1D")
             .add("glFramebufferTexture2DEXT", "glFramebufferTexture2D")
+            .add("glFramebufferTexture3DEXT", "glFramebufferTexture3D")
             .add("glBindRenderbufferEXT", "glBindRenderbuffer")
             .add("glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT", "glDeleteRenderbuffers")
             .add("glGenRenderbuffersEXT", "glGenRenderbuffers")
             .add("glRenderbufferStorageEXT", "glRenderbufferStorage")
             .add("glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT", "glFramebufferRenderbuffer")
+            .add("glGenerateMipmapEXT", "glGenerateMipmap")
         );
         methodRedirects.put(ARBOcclusionQuery, RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glGenQueriesARB", "glGenQueries")
@@ -781,6 +816,45 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
         );
         methodRedirects.put(ARBMultiBind, RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glBindSamplers")
+            .add("glBindTextures")
+            .add("glBindImageTextures")
+        );
+        methodRedirects.put(ARBDirectStateAccess, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTexture")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTextureLayer")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferRenderbuffer")
+            .add("glCreateTextures")
+            .add("glBindTextureUnit")
+        );
+        methodRedirects.put(ARBGeometryShader4, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureARB", "glFramebufferTexture")
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureLayerARB", "glFramebufferTextureLayer")
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureFaceARB", "glFramebufferTextureFace")
+        );
+        final var geometryShader4 = RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureEXT", "glFramebufferTexture")
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureLayerEXT", "glFramebufferTextureLayer")
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureFaceEXT", "glFramebufferTextureFace");
+        methodRedirects.put(EXTGeometryShader4, geometryShader4);
+        methodRedirects.put(NVGeometryProgram4, geometryShader4);
+        methodRedirects.put(EXTTextureArray, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glFramebufferTextureLayerEXT", "glFramebufferTextureLayer")
+        );
+        methodRedirects.put(EXTDirectStateAccess, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTexture1DEXT")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTexture2DEXT")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTexture3DEXT")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTextureEXT")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTextureLayerEXT", "glNamedFramebufferTextureLayer")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferTextureFaceEXT")
+            .add("glNamedFramebufferRenderbufferEXT", "glNamedFramebufferRenderbuffer")
+            .add("glBindMultiTextureEXT")
+        );
+        methodRedirects.put(ARBShaderImageLoadStore, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glBindImageTexture")
+        );
+        methodRedirects.put(EXTShaderImageLoadStore, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glBindImageTextureEXT", "glBindImageTexture")
         );
 
         // APPLE

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/shader/GlslVulkanPreprocess.java

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlslTransformUtils;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.ParserRuleContext;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
-import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
-import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTreeWalker;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
-import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLLexer;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
-import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLPreParser;
-import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParserBaseListener;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Comparator;
@@ -37,6 +34,17 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
         "const_cast", "dynamic_cast", "reinterpret_cast", "static_cast", "export",
         "and", "or", "xor", "bitand", "bitor", "compl", "and_eq", "or_eq", "xor_eq", "not_eq");
 
+    private static final Object2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<String, String> IDENTIFIER_RENAMES = identifierRenames();
+
+    private static Object2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<String, String> identifierRenames() {
+        final Object2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<String, String> renames = new Object2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<>();
+        renames.put("sampler", SAMPLER_RENAMED);
+        renames.put("gl_VertexID", "gl_VertexIndex");
+        renames.put("gl_InstanceID", "gl_InstanceIndex");
+        for (String reserved : TARGET_RESERVED) renames.put(reserved, RESERVED_RENAMED_PREFIX + reserved);
+        return renames;
+    }
+
     public static final String SAMPLERLESS_EXTENSION = "#extension GL_EXT_samplerless_texture_functions : require";
 
     private static final int MAX_VS_INPUT_LOCATIONS = 16;
@@ -99,7 +107,7 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
         }
 
         final List<Edit> edits = new ArrayList<>();
-        final Metadata meta = collectEdits(source, root, glShaderType, debugName, separateReadOnlyImages, edits);
+        final Metadata meta = collectEdits(new ShaderIndex(root, source), glShaderType, debugName, separateReadOnlyImages, edits);
 
         final Result out = new Result(applyEdits(source, edits), meta.boolUniforms(), meta.explicitVsInputs());
         synchronized (CACHE) {
@@ -111,129 +119,99 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
 
     public record Metadata(Set<String> boolUniforms, Set<String> explicitVsInputs, boolean needsSamplerless) {}
 
-    public static Metadata collectEdits(String source, GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root, int glShaderType, String debugName, boolean separateReadOnlyImages, List<Edit> edits) {
+    public static Metadata collectEdits(ShaderIndex index, int glShaderType, String debugName, boolean separateReadOnlyImages, List<Edit> edits) {
         final boolean isVertex = glShaderType == GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER;
         final Set<String> bools = new HashSet<>();
         final Set<String> explicitInputs = new HashSet<>();
         final Set<String> readOnlyImages = new HashSet<>();
-        final boolean[] needsSamplerless = { false };
+        boolean needsSamplerless = false;
 
-        final int[] maxExplicitLoc = { -1 };
+        int maxExplicitLoc = -1;
         final List<Integer> unlocatedVsInputStarts = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        ParseTreeWalker.DEFAULT.walk(new GLSLParserBaseListener() {
-            @Override
-            public void enterInit_declarator_list(GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext ctx) {
-                final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = ctx.single_declaration();
-                if (single == null || single.fully_specified_type() == null) return;
+        for (GLSLParser.DeclarationContext declaration : index.globalDeclarations()) {
+            final GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext list = declaration.init_declarator_list();
+            if (list == null) continue;
+            final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = list.single_declaration();
+            if (single == null || single.fully_specified_type() == null) continue;
 
-                final GLSLParser.Fully_specified_typeContext fst = single.fully_specified_type();
-                final GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext tq = fst.type_qualifier();
-                if (tq == null) return;
+            final GLSLParser.Fully_specified_typeContext fst = single.fully_specified_type();
+            final GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext tq = fst.type_qualifier();
+            if (tq == null) continue;
 
-                boolean hasUniform = false, hasIn = false, hasLocation = false, hasReadonly = false;
-                int locValue = -1;
-                int bindingValue = -1;
-                for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext stq : tq.single_type_qualifier()) {
-                    if (stq.storage_qualifier() != null) {
-                        final String s = stq.storage_qualifier().getText();
-                        if ("uniform".equals(s)) hasUniform = true;
-                        else if ("in".equals(s)) hasIn = true;
-                        else if ("readonly".equals(s)) hasReadonly = true;
-                    } else if (stq.layout_qualifier() != null) {
-                        for (GLSLParser.Layout_qualifier_idContext id : stq.layout_qualifier().layout_qualifier_id_list().layout_qualifier_id()) {
-                            if (id.IDENTIFIER() == null) continue;
-                            final String qualifier = id.IDENTIFIER().getText();
-                            if ("location".equals(qualifier)) {
-                                hasLocation = true;
-                                if (id.constant_expression() != null) {
-                                    try { locValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
-                                }
-                            } else if ("binding".equals(qualifier) && id.constant_expression() != null) {
-                                try { bindingValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
+            boolean hasUniform = false, hasIn = false, hasLocation = false, hasReadonly = false;
+            int locValue = -1;
+            int bindingValue = -1;
+            for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext stq : tq.single_type_qualifier()) {
+                if (stq.storage_qualifier() != null) {
+                    final String s = stq.storage_qualifier().getText();
+                    if ("uniform".equals(s)) hasUniform = true;
+                    else if ("in".equals(s)) hasIn = true;
+                    else if ("readonly".equals(s)) hasReadonly = true;
+                } else if (stq.layout_qualifier() != null) {
+                    for (GLSLParser.Layout_qualifier_idContext id : stq.layout_qualifier().layout_qualifier_id_list().layout_qualifier_id()) {
+                        if (id.IDENTIFIER() == null) continue;
+                        final String qualifier = id.IDENTIFIER().getText();
+                        if ("location".equals(qualifier)) {
+                            hasLocation = true;
+                            if (id.constant_expression() != null) {
+                                try { locValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
                             }
+                        } else if ("binding".equals(qualifier) && id.constant_expression() != null) {
+                            try { bindingValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
                         }
                     }
                 }
+            }
 
-                final boolean boolDecl = hasUniform && isBool(fst);
-                final boolean explicitInputDecl = isVertex && hasIn && hasLocation;
+            final boolean boolDecl = hasUniform && isBool(fst);
+            final boolean explicitInputDecl = isVertex && hasIn && hasLocation;
+            final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> declarators = ShaderIndex.declarators(list);
+            for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : declarators) {
+                handleDeclarator(td, hasUniform, boolDecl, explicitInputDecl, bools, explicitInputs, edits);
+            }
 
-                if (single.typeless_declaration() != null) {
-                    handleDeclarator(single.typeless_declaration(), hasUniform, boolDecl, explicitInputDecl, bools, explicitInputs, edits);
-                }
-                for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : ctx.typeless_declaration()) {
-                    handleDeclarator(td, hasUniform, boolDecl, explicitInputDecl, bools, explicitInputs, edits);
-                }
-
-                if (separateReadOnlyImages && hasUniform && fst.type_specifier() != null) {
-                    final String typeText = fst.type_specifier().getText();
-                    if (separateTextureType(typeText) != null) {
-                        needsSamplerless[0] = true;
-                    } else if (hasReadonly) {
-                        final String asTexture = separateTextureTypeForImage(typeText);
-                        if (asTexture != null) {
-                            needsSamplerless[0] = true;
-                            collectDeclaredNames(single, ctx, readOnlyImages);
-                            final String binding = bindingValue >= 0 ? "layout(binding = " + bindingValue + ") " : "";
-                            edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(fst), stopIdx(fst), binding + "uniform " + asTexture));
+            if (separateReadOnlyImages && hasUniform && fst.type_specifier() != null) {
+                final String typeText = fst.type_specifier().getText();
+                if (separateTextureType(typeText) != null) {
+                    needsSamplerless = true;
+                } else if (hasReadonly) {
+                    final String asTexture = separateTextureTypeForImage(typeText);
+                    if (asTexture != null) {
+                        needsSamplerless = true;
+                        for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : declarators) {
+                            if (td.IDENTIFIER() != null) readOnlyImages.add(td.IDENTIFIER().getText());
                         }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (isVertex && hasIn) {
-                    if (hasLocation && locValue >= 0) {
-                        if (locValue > maxExplicitLoc[0]) maxExplicitLoc[0] = locValue;
-                    } else if (!hasLocation) {
-                        unlocatedVsInputStarts.add(ctx.getStart().getStartIndex());
+                        final String binding = bindingValue >= 0 ? "layout(binding = " + bindingValue + ") " : "";
+                        edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(fst), stopIdx(fst), binding + "uniform " + asTexture));
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            @Override
-            public void enterPostfix_expression(GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext ctx) {
-                if (readOnlyImages.isEmpty() || ctx.LEFT_PAREN() == null || ctx.RIGHT_PAREN() == null) return;
-                final GLSLParser.Function_call_parametersContext params = ctx.function_call_parameters();
-                if (params == null || params.assignment_expression() == null || params.assignment_expression().isEmpty()) return;
-                if (!readOnlyImages.contains(params.assignment_expression(0).getText())) return;
-
-                final ParseTree callee = ctx.getChild(0);
-                if (!(callee instanceof ParserRuleContext calleeCtx)) return;
-                final String replacement = switch (calleeCtx.getText()) {
-                    case "imageLoad" -> "texelFetch";
-                    case "imageSize" -> "textureSize";
-                    default -> null;
-                };
-                if (replacement == null) return;
-
-                edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(calleeCtx), stopIdx(calleeCtx), replacement));
-                final int rparen = ctx.RIGHT_PAREN().getSymbol().getStartIndex();
-                edits.add(new Edit(rparen, rparen - 1, ", 0"));
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void visitTerminal(TerminalNode node) {
-                final Token tok = node.getSymbol();
-                if (tok.getType() != GLSLLexer.IDENTIFIER) return;
-                final String text = tok.getText();
-                switch (text) {
-                    case "sampler" -> edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), SAMPLER_RENAMED));
-                    case "gl_VertexID" -> edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), "gl_VertexIndex"));
-                    case "gl_InstanceID" -> edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), "gl_InstanceIndex"));
-                    default -> {
-                        if (TARGET_RESERVED.contains(text)) edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), RESERVED_RENAMED_PREFIX + text));
-                    }
+            if (isVertex && hasIn) {
+                if (hasLocation && locValue >= 0) {
+                    if (locValue > maxExplicitLoc) maxExplicitLoc = locValue;
+                } else if (!hasLocation) {
+                    unlocatedVsInputStarts.add(list.getStart().getStartIndex());
                 }
             }
-        }, root);
-
-        if (needsSamplerless[0] && source != null) {
-            final int at = versionDirectiveEnd(source);
-            if (at >= 0) edits.add(new Edit(at, at - 1, "\n" + SAMPLERLESS_EXTENSION));
         }
 
-        if (maxExplicitLoc[0] >= 0 && !unlocatedVsInputStarts.isEmpty()) {
-            int next = maxExplicitLoc[0] + 1;
+        if (!readOnlyImages.isEmpty()) {
+            rewriteReadOnlyImageCalls(index.callsTo("imageLoad"), "texelFetch", readOnlyImages, edits);
+            rewriteReadOnlyImageCalls(index.callsTo("imageSize"), "textureSize", readOnlyImages, edits);
+        }
+        if (needsSamplerless) {
+            addSamplerlessExtension(index, edits);
+        }
+
+        for (var it = IDENTIFIER_RENAMES.object2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+            final var rename = it.next();
+            rename(index, rename.getKey(), rename.getValue(), edits);
+        }
+
+        if (maxExplicitLoc >= 0 && !unlocatedVsInputStarts.isEmpty()) {
+            int next = maxExplicitLoc + 1;
             int dropped = 0;
             for (int start : unlocatedVsInputStarts) {
                 if (next >= MAX_VS_INPUT_LOCATIONS) { dropped++; continue; }
@@ -245,22 +223,74 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
             }
         }
 
-        return new Metadata(bools, explicitInputs, needsSamplerless[0]);
+        return new Metadata(bools, explicitInputs, needsSamplerless);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean renamesIdentifier(String name) {
+        return IDENTIFIER_RENAMES.containsKey(name);
+    }
+
+    public static void addSamplerlessExtension(ShaderIndex index, List<Edit> edits) {
+        final int versionEnd = index.directives().versionEnd();
+        if (versionEnd >= 0) edits.add(new Edit(versionEnd, versionEnd - 1, "\n" + SAMPLERLESS_EXTENSION));
+    }
+
+    private static void rename(ShaderIndex index, String name, String replacement, List<Edit> edits) {
+        for (Token tok : index.occurrences(name)) edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), replacement));
+    }
+
+    static @Nullable String renameUserFunctions(String source) {
+        final GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root;
+        try {
+            root = GlslTransformUtils.parseFullQuiet(source);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Object2IntOpenHashMap<String> prototypes = null;
+        for (GLSLParser.External_declarationContext external : root.external_declaration()) {
+            final GLSLParser.Function_definitionContext function = external.function_definition();
+            final GLSLParser.DeclarationContext declaration = function == null ? external.declaration() : null;
+            final GLSLParser.Function_prototypeContext prototype = function != null ? function.function_prototype() : declaration != null ? declaration.function_prototype() : null;
+            final TerminalNode identifier = prototype == null ? null : prototype.IDENTIFIER();
+            if (identifier == null) continue;
+            final String name = identifier.getText();
+            if ("main".equals(name)) continue;
+            if (prototypes == null) prototypes = new Object2IntOpenHashMap<>();
+            prototypes.addTo(name, 1);
+        }
+        if (prototypes == null) return null;
+
+        final ShaderIndex index = new ShaderIndex(root, source);
+        final Set<String> inDirectives = index.directives().identifiers();
+        final List<Edit> edits = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Object2IntMap.Entry<String> prototype : prototypes.object2IntEntrySet()) {
+            final String name = prototype.getKey();
+            if (inDirectives.contains(name)) continue;
+            if (index.occurrences(name).size() != prototype.getIntValue() + index.callsTo(name).size()) continue;
+            rename(index, name, RESERVED_RENAMED_PREFIX + name, edits);
+        }
+        return edits.isEmpty() ? null : applyEdits(source, edits);
+    }
+
+    private static void rewriteReadOnlyImageCalls(List<GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext> calls, String replacement, Set<String> readOnlyImages, List<Edit> edits) {
+        for (GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext call : calls) {
+            if (call.RIGHT_PAREN() == null) continue;
+            final GLSLParser.Function_call_parametersContext params = call.function_call_parameters();
+            if (params == null || params.assignment_expression().isEmpty()) continue;
+            if (!readOnlyImages.contains(params.assignment_expression(0).getText())) continue;
+
+            final ParserRuleContext callee = (ParserRuleContext) call.getChild(0);
+            edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(callee), stopIdx(callee), replacement));
+            final int rparen = call.RIGHT_PAREN().getSymbol().getStartIndex();
+            edits.add(new Edit(rparen, rparen - 1, ", 0"));
+        }
     }
 
     public static void clearCache() {
         synchronized (CACHE) { CACHE.clear(); }
     }
 
-    private static void collectDeclaredNames(GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single, GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext ctx, Set<String> out) {
-        if (single.typeless_declaration() != null && single.typeless_declaration().IDENTIFIER() != null) {
-            out.add(single.typeless_declaration().IDENTIFIER().getText());
-        }
-        for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : ctx.typeless_declaration()) {
-            if (td.IDENTIFIER() != null) out.add(td.IDENTIFIER().getText());
-        }
-    }
-
     private static @Nullable String separateTextureTypeForImage(String typeText) {
         final String dim = switch (typeText) {
             case "image1D", "iimage1D", "uimage1D" -> "1D";
@@ -281,26 +311,6 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
         };
     }
 
-    private static int versionDirectiveEnd(String source) {
-        final GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre;
-        try {
-            pre = GlslTransformUtils.parsePreQuiet(source);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-        final GLSLPreParser.Version_directiveContext ctx = firstVersionDirective(pre);
-        return ctx == null || ctx.getStop() == null ? -1 : ctx.getStop().getStopIndex() + 1;
-    }
-
-    private static GLSLPreParser.@Nullable Version_directiveContext firstVersionDirective(ParseTree node) {
-        if (node instanceof GLSLPreParser.Version_directiveContext v) return v;
-        for (int i = 0; i < node.getChildCount(); i++) {
-            final GLSLPreParser.Version_directiveContext found = firstVersionDirective(node.getChild(i));
-            if (found != null) return found;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
     private static void handleDeclarator(GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td, boolean hasUniform, boolean asBool, boolean asInput, Set<String> bools, Set<String> inputs, List<Edit> edits) {
         if (td.IDENTIFIER() == null) return;
         final String name = td.IDENTIFIER().getText();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/shader/ProgramBinaryCache.java

@@ -106,14 +106,20 @@ public final class ProgramBinaryCache {
     }
 
     public static void save(Key key, int program) {
+        if (!saveBinary(key, program) && fullCompileWrites != null) {
+            fullCompileWrites.add(CompletableFuture.completedFuture(false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean saveBinary(Key key, int program) {
         final int length = GLStateManager.glGetProgrami(program, GL41.GL_PROGRAM_BINARY_LENGTH);
-        if (length <= 0) return;
+        if (length <= 0) return false;
         final ByteBuffer data = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc(length);
         final IntBuffer written = MemoryUtilities.memAllocInt(1);
         final IntBuffer format = MemoryUtilities.memAllocInt(1);
         try {
             GLStateManager.glGetProgramBinary(program, written, format, data);
-            if (written.get(0) <= 0) return;
+            if (written.get(0) <= 0) return false;
             data.limit(written.get(0));
             final byte[] binary = ShaderCacheIO.toHeap(data);
             final String formatTag = Integer.toString(format.get(0));
@@ -130,6 +136,7 @@ public final class ProgramBinaryCache {
             });
             final List<CompletableFuture<Boolean>> writes = fullCompileWrites;
             if (writes != null) writes.add(write);
+            return true;
         } finally {
             MemoryUtilities.memFree(data);
             MemoryUtilities.memFree(written);
@@ -137,6 +144,18 @@ public final class ProgramBinaryCache {
         }
     }
 
+    public static boolean isFullCompileRunning() {
+        return keysInUse != null;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean saveRetained(Key key, int program) {
+        if (ShaderDiskCache.getBlob(key.diskKey) != null) {
+            keep(key.diskKey);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return saveBinary(key, program);
+    }
+
     public static void beginFullCompile() {
         fullCompileLayer = packLayer;
         keysInUse = new HashSet<>();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/shader/ShaderDiskCache.java

@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {
 
     private ShaderDiskCache() {}
 
-    public static void configure(Path dir, String salt) {
+    private static String configuredSalt;
+
+    public static synchronized void configure(Path dir, String salt) {
+        if (dir.equals(root) && salt.equals(configuredSalt)) return;
         try {
             Files.createDirectories(dir);
             final Path saltFile = dir.resolve("salt");
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {
                 Files.write(saltFile, salt.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
             }
             root = dir;
+            configuredSalt = salt;
             AngelicaWorkers.run(() -> enforceCap(dir, MAX_BYTES));
             LOGGER.info("Shader disk cache at {}", dir);
         } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/shader/ShaderIndex.java

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlslTransformUtils;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.ParserRuleContext;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLLexer;
+import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * What the source passes look up in a parsed shader.
+ */
+public final class ShaderIndex {
+
+    public record Directives(Set<String> identifiers, Set<String> definedMacros, boolean hasConditionalOrMacro, int versionEnd) {
+        private static final Directives NONE = new Directives(Set.of(), Set.of(), false, -1);
+    }
+
+    private final GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root;
+    private final String source;
+    private final Map<String, List<Token>> identifiers = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, List<GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext>> calls = new HashMap<>();
+    private final List<GLSLParser.DeclarationContext> globalDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
+    private @Nullable Directives directives;
+
+    public ShaderIndex(GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root, String source) {
+        this.root = root;
+        this.source = source;
+        collect(root);
+        for (GLSLParser.External_declarationContext external : root.external_declaration()) {
+            if (external.declaration() != null) globalDeclarations.add(external.declaration());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void collect(ParseTree node) {
+        if (node instanceof TerminalNode terminal) {
+            final Token token = terminal.getSymbol();
+            if (token.getType() == GLSLLexer.IDENTIFIER) identifiers.computeIfAbsent(token.getText(), k -> new ArrayList<>(2)).add(token);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (node instanceof GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext p && p.LEFT_PAREN() != null) {
+            calls.computeIfAbsent(calleeName(p), k -> new ArrayList<>(2)).add(p);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0, n = node.getChildCount(); i < n; i++) collect(node.getChild(i));
+    }
+
+    public GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root() {
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    public String source() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public List<Token> occurrences(String name) {
+        return identifiers.getOrDefault(name, List.of());
+    }
+
+    public List<GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext> callsTo(String name) {
+        return calls.getOrDefault(name, List.of());
+    }
+
+    public List<GLSLParser.DeclarationContext> globalDeclarations() {
+        return globalDeclarations;
+    }
+
+    /** Lexes the source on first use. */
+    public Directives directives() {
+        if (directives == null) directives = scanDirectives(source);
+        return directives;
+    }
+
+    private static Directives scanDirectives(String source) {
+        if (source.indexOf('#') < 0) return Directives.NONE;
+        final GLSLLexer lexer = GlslTransformUtils.quietLexer(source);
+        final Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
+        final Set<String> macros = new HashSet<>();
+        boolean conditionalOrMacro = false;
+        int versionEnd = -1;
+        boolean inVersion = false;
+        for (Token token = lexer.nextToken(); token.getType() != Token.EOF; token = lexer.nextToken()) {
+            final int type = token.getType();
+            if (type == GLSLLexer.VERSION_DIRECTIVE && versionEnd < 0) {
+                inVersion = true;
+                versionEnd = token.getStopIndex() + 1;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (inVersion && (type == GLSLLexer.NUMBER || type == GLSLLexer.PROFILE)) {
+                versionEnd = token.getStopIndex() + 1;
+                continue;
+            }
+            inVersion = false;
+            switch (type) {
+                case GLSLLexer.PROGRAM_TEXT, GLSLLexer.MACRO_TEXT, GLSLLexer.CONSTANT_EXPRESSION -> collectIdentifiers(token.getText(), names);
+                case GLSLLexer.MACRO_NAME -> macros.add(leadingIdentifier(token.getText()));
+                case GLSLLexer.IF_DIRECTIVE, GLSLLexer.IFDEF_DIRECTIVE, GLSLLexer.IFNDEF_DIRECTIVE, GLSLLexer.DEFINE_DIRECTIVE -> conditionalOrMacro = true;
+                default -> { }
+            }
+        }
+        return new Directives(names, macros, conditionalOrMacro, versionEnd);
+    }
+
+    private static String leadingIdentifier(String text) {
+        final int args = text.indexOf('(');
+        return args < 0 ? text : text.substring(0, args);
+    }
+
+    private static void collectIdentifiers(String text, Set<String> out) {
+        if (text == null) return;
+        final int len = text.length();
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i < len) {
+            final char c = text.charAt(i);
+            if (c != '_' && !Character.isLetter(c)) {
+                i++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            int end = i + 1;
+            while (end < len) {
+                final char n = text.charAt(end);
+                if (n != '_' && !Character.isLetterOrDigit(n)) break;
+                end++;
+            }
+            out.add(text.substring(i, end));
+            i = end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String calleeName(GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext call) {
+        final ParseTree callee = call.getChild(0);
+        return callee instanceof ParserRuleContext ? callee.getText() : "";
+    }
+
+    public static List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> declarators(GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext list) {
+        final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = list.single_declaration();
+        final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> rest = list.typeless_declaration();
+        if (single == null || single.typeless_declaration() == null) return rest;
+        final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> all = new ArrayList<>(rest.size() + 1);
+        all.add(single.typeless_declaration());
+        all.addAll(rest);
+        return all;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean hasStorageQualifier(@Nullable GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext qualifier, String keyword) {
+        if (qualifier == null) return false;
+        for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext q : qualifier.single_type_qualifier()) {
+            if (q.storage_qualifier() != null && keyword.equals(q.storage_qualifier().getText())) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/shader/SpirvCompiler.java

@@ -81,7 +81,16 @@ public final class SpirvCompiler {
             }
         }
 
-        final Result result = compileUncached(cleanSrc, shaderKind, debugName, opts);
+        Result result = compileUncached(cleanSrc, shaderKind, debugName, opts);
+        if (result.spirv() == null) {
+            final String renamed = GlslVulkanPreprocess.renameUserFunctions(cleanSrc);
+            final Result retry = renamed == null ? null : compileUncached(renamed, shaderKind, debugName, opts);
+            if (retry == null || retry.spirv() == null) {
+                return new Result(null, result.error(), writeFailureDump(debugName, shaderKind, result.error(), cleanSrc));
+            }
+            LOGGER.info("'{}' compiled after renaming its functions; shaderc rejected the original: {}", debugName, result.error());
+            result = retry;
+        }
         final ByteBuffer spirv = result.spirv();
         if (spirv != null) {
             final byte[] heap = ShaderCacheIO.toHeap(spirv);
@@ -121,8 +130,7 @@ public final class SpirvCompiler {
                 final int status = Shaderc.shaderc_result_get_compilation_status(result);
                 if (status != Shaderc.shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
                     final String msg = Shaderc.shaderc_result_get_error_message(result);
-                    final Path dumpPath = writeFailureDump(debugName, shaderKind, msg, cleanSrc);
-                    return new Result(null, msg == null ? "(no error message)" : msg, dumpPath);
+                    return new Result(null, msg == null ? "(no error message)" : msg, null);
                 }
                 final ByteBuffer spirv = Shaderc.shaderc_result_get_bytes(result);
                 if (spirv == null || spirv.remaining() == 0) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/shader/SpirvShaderTranslator.java

@@ -47,14 +47,6 @@ public final class SpirvShaderTranslator {
     private SpirvShaderTranslator() {}
 
     public static @Nullable String glslToGlslEs(String source, int glShaderType, String debugName) {
-        return glslToGlslEsImpl(source, glShaderType, debugName, false);
-    }
-
-    static @Nullable String glslToGlslEsRawForTest(String source, int glShaderType, String debugName) {
-        return glslToGlslEsImpl(source, glShaderType, debugName, true);
-    }
-
-    private static @Nullable String glslToGlslEsImpl(String source, int glShaderType, String debugName, boolean rawOutput) {
         final int shaderKind = shaderKindForGlType(glShaderType);
         if (shaderKind < 0) {
             LOGGER.warn("Unknown GL shader type 0x{} for '{}' - skipping SPIR-V translation", Integer.toHexString(glShaderType), debugName);
@@ -67,14 +59,13 @@ public final class SpirvShaderTranslator {
         final SpirvCompiler.Result cr = SpirvCompiler.compile(pre.rewrittenSource(), shaderKind, debugName, SpirvCompiler.Options.vulkanRelaxed());
         if (cr.spirv() == null) {
             final String firstErr = cr.error() == null ? "(no error)" : cr.error().split("\\R", 2)[0];
-            LOGGER.error("shaderc failed for '{}' (kind=0x{}): {} (dumped to {})",
-                    debugName, Integer.toHexString(shaderKind), firstErr, cr.dumpPath() == null ? "<dump failed>" : cr.dumpPath());
+            LOGGER.error("shaderc failed for '{}' (kind=0x{}): {} (dumped to {})", debugName, Integer.toHexString(shaderKind), firstErr, cr.dumpPath() == null ? "<dump failed>" : cr.dumpPath());
             return null;
         }
         try {
             final String emitted = emitGlslEs(cr.spirv(), debugName, glShaderType, pre.explicitVsInputs());
             if (emitted == null) return null;
-            return rawOutput ? emitted : postProcessEsOutput(emitted, pre.boolUniforms());
+            return postProcessEsOutput(emitted, pre.boolUniforms());
         } finally {
             memFree(cr.spirv());
         }
@@ -163,16 +154,7 @@ public final class SpirvShaderTranslator {
             final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = ctx.single_declaration();
             if (single == null || single.typeless_declaration() == null) return;
             final GLSLParser.Fully_specified_typeContext fst = single.fully_specified_type();
-            if (fst == null || fst.type_qualifier() == null) return;
-
-            boolean isUniform = false;
-            for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext stq : fst.type_qualifier().single_type_qualifier()) {
-                if (stq.storage_qualifier() != null && "uniform".equals(stq.storage_qualifier().getText())) {
-                    isUniform = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!isUniform) return;
+            if (fst == null || !ShaderIndex.hasStorageQualifier(fst.type_qualifier(), "uniform")) return;
 
             if (fst.type_specifier() == null || fst.type_specifier().type_specifier_nonarray() == null) return;
             final GLSLParser.Type_specifier_nonarrayContext ts = fst.type_specifier().type_specifier_nonarray();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/stacks/BooleanStateStack.java

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ public class BooleanStateStack extends BooleanState implements CowStateStack<Boo
     @Override
     public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
         final GLContextState o = cow.owner;
+        GLStateManager.recordExitCapability(o, glCap, -1);
         if (o != null && o.attribDepth > 0
             && (stateUnknown || !GLStateManager.isCachingEnabled() || enabled != vanillaValue())) {
             beforeModify();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/stacks/TextureUnitBooleanStateStack.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public final class TextureUnitBooleanStateStack extends BooleanStateStack {
 
     @Override
     public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        GLStateManager.recordExitCapability(cowDepths().owner, glCap, unitIndex);
         if (!GLStateManager.isCachingEnabled() || enabled != this.enabled) {
             GLStateManager.beforeUncapturedTextureUnitChange(glCap, unitIndex);
             beforeModify();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/FogState.java

@@ -9,6 +9,13 @@ import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 
 @Getter @Setter
 public class FogState implements ISettableState<FogState> {
+    public static final int DISTANCE_EYE_RADIAL = 0;
+    public static final int DISTANCE_EYE_PLANE = 1;
+    public static final int DISTANCE_EYE_PLANE_ABS = 2;
+
+    private static final double LN2 = Math.log(2.0);
+    private static final double SQRT_LN2 = Math.sqrt(LN2);
+
     protected int fogMode = GL11.GL_EXP;
     protected final Vector3d fogColor = new Vector3d(0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
     protected float fogAlpha = 1.0F;
@@ -16,8 +23,26 @@ public class FogState implements ISettableState<FogState> {
     protected float density = 1.0F;
     protected float start;
     protected float end = 1.0F;
-    /** Fog distance computation mode: 0=EYE_RADIAL, 1=EYE_PLANE, 2=EYE_PLANE_ABS */
-    protected int fogDistanceMode = 2;
+    protected int fogDistanceMode = DISTANCE_EYE_PLANE_ABS;
+
+    // Mesa STATE_FOG_PARAMS_OPTIMIZED
+    public float linearScale() {
+        final float range = end - start;
+        return range != 0.0f ? -1.0f / range : 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    public float linearBias() {
+        final float range = end - start;
+        return range != 0.0f ? end / range : 1.0f;
+    }
+
+    public float expScale() {
+        return (float) (density / LN2);
+    }
+
+    public float exp2Scale() {
+        return (float) (density / SQRT_LN2);
+    }
 
     @Override
     public FogState set(FogState state) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/ImageUnitBinding.java

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
 
 import lombok.Getter;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
 
 public class ImageUnitBinding implements ISettableState<ImageUnitBinding> {
     @Getter protected int texture;
     @Getter protected int level;
     @Getter protected boolean layered;
     @Getter protected int layer;
-    @Getter protected int access;
-    @Getter protected int format;
+    @Getter protected int access = GL15.GL_READ_ONLY;
+    @Getter protected int format = GL30.GL_R8;
 
     public void setBinding(int texture, int level, boolean layered, int layer, int access, int format) {
         this.texture = texture;
@@ -19,6 +21,10 @@ public class ImageUnitBinding implements ISettableState<ImageUnitBinding> {
         this.format = format;
     }
 
+    public void reset() {
+        setBinding(0, 0, false, 0, GL15.GL_READ_ONLY, GL30.GL_R8);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public ImageUnitBinding set(ImageUnitBinding state) {
         this.texture = state.texture;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/PixelStoreState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
+
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
+public record PixelStoreState(
+    int alignment,
+    int rowLength,
+    int skipRows,
+    int skipPixels,
+    int imageHeight,
+    int skipImages,
+    boolean swapBytes,
+    boolean lsbFirst
+) {
+    public static final PixelStoreState DEFAULT = new PixelStoreState(4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false);
+
+    public boolean isDefault() {
+        return this.equals(DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isPack(int pname) {
+        return switch (pname) {
+            case GL11.GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, GL11.GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_ROWS, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_PIXELS,
+                 GL12.GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, GL12.GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES, GL11.GL_PACK_SWAP_BYTES, GL11.GL_PACK_LSB_FIRST -> true;
+            default -> false;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public PixelStoreState with(int pname, int param) {
+        return switch (pname) {
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, GL11.GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT -> (param == alignment || (param != 1 && param != 2 && param != 4 && param != 8)) ? this : new PixelStoreState(param, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, GL11.GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH -> (param == rowLength || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, param, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_ROWS -> (param == skipRows || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, param, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_PIXELS -> (param == skipPixels || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, param, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, GL12.GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT -> (param == imageHeight || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, param, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, GL12.GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES -> (param == skipImages || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, param, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, GL11.GL_PACK_SWAP_BYTES -> (param != 0) == swapBytes ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, param != 0, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, GL11.GL_PACK_LSB_FIRST -> (param != 0) == lsbFirst ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, param != 0);
+            default -> this;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static void applyDiff(PixelStoreState from, PixelStoreState to, boolean pack) {
+        if (from == to) return;
+        if (from.alignment != to.alignment) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT : GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, to.alignment);
+        if (from.rowLength != to.rowLength) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH : GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, to.rowLength);
+        if (from.skipRows != to.skipRows) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_ROWS : GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, to.skipRows);
+        if (from.skipPixels != to.skipPixels) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_PIXELS : GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, to.skipPixels);
+        if (from.imageHeight != to.imageHeight) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL12.GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT : GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, to.imageHeight);
+        if (from.skipImages != to.skipImages) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL12.GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES : GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, to.skipImages);
+        if (from.swapBytes != to.swapBytes) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_SWAP_BYTES : GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, to.swapBytes ? 1 : 0);
+        if (from.lsbFirst != to.lsbFirst) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_LSB_FIRST : GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, to.lsbFirst ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/PixelUnpackState.java

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
-
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
-
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
-
-/**
- * Immutable client-side pixel unpack state (glPixelStore UNPACK_* params)
- */
-public record PixelUnpackState(
-    int alignment,
-    int rowLength,
-    int skipRows,
-    int skipPixels,
-    int imageHeight,
-    int skipImages,
-    boolean swapBytes,
-    boolean lsbFirst
-) {
-    public static final PixelUnpackState DEFAULT = new PixelUnpackState(4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false);
-
-    public boolean isDefault() {
-        return this.equals(DEFAULT);
-    }
-
-    public PixelUnpackState with(int pname, int param) {
-        return switch (pname) {
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT -> (param == 1 || param == 2 || param == 4 || param == 8) ? new PixelUnpackState(param, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, param, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, param, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, param, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, param, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, param, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES -> new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, param != 0, lsbFirst);
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST -> new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, param != 0);
-            default -> this;
-        };
-    }
-
-    public static void applyDiff(PixelUnpackState from, PixelUnpackState to) {
-        if (from.alignment != to.alignment) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, to.alignment);
-        if (from.rowLength != to.rowLength) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, to.rowLength);
-        if (from.skipRows != to.skipRows) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, to.skipRows);
-        if (from.skipPixels != to.skipPixels) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, to.skipPixels);
-        if (from.imageHeight != to.imageHeight) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, to.imageHeight);
-        if (from.skipImages != to.skipImages) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, to.skipImages);
-        if (from.swapBytes != to.swapBytes) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, to.swapBytes ? 1 : 0);
-        if (from.lsbFirst != to.lsbFirst) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, to.lsbFirst ? 1 : 0);
-    }
-}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/PointState.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
 
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.Setter;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
 
 /**
  * Tracks GL point state: size.
@@ -10,10 +11,24 @@ import lombok.Setter;
 @Getter @Setter
 public class PointState implements ISettableState<PointState> {
     private float size = 1.0f;
+    private float minSize = 0.0f;
+    private float maxSize = Float.NaN;
+    private float fadeThreshold = 1.0f;
+    private float attenuationConstant = 1.0f;
+    private float attenuationLinear = 0.0f;
+    private float attenuationQuadratic = 0.0f;
+    private int spriteCoordOrigin = GL20.GL_UPPER_LEFT;
 
     @Override
     public PointState set(PointState state) {
         this.size = state.size;
+        this.minSize = state.minSize;
+        this.maxSize = state.maxSize;
+        this.fadeThreshold = state.fadeThreshold;
+        this.attenuationConstant = state.attenuationConstant;
+        this.attenuationLinear = state.attenuationLinear;
+        this.attenuationQuadratic = state.attenuationQuadratic;
+        this.spriteCoordOrigin = state.spriteCoordOrigin;
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -21,7 +36,14 @@ public class PointState implements ISettableState<PointState> {
     public boolean sameAs(Object state) {
         if (this == state) return true;
         if (!(state instanceof PointState pointState)) return false;
-        return Float.compare(size, pointState.size) == 0;
+        return Float.compare(size, pointState.size) == 0
+            && Float.compare(minSize, pointState.minSize) == 0
+            && Float.compare(maxSize, pointState.maxSize) == 0
+            && Float.compare(fadeThreshold, pointState.fadeThreshold) == 0
+            && Float.compare(attenuationConstant, pointState.attenuationConstant) == 0
+            && Float.compare(attenuationLinear, pointState.attenuationLinear) == 0
+            && Float.compare(attenuationQuadratic, pointState.attenuationQuadratic) == 0
+            && spriteCoordOrigin == pointState.spriteCoordOrigin;
     }
 
     @Override

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/SamplerUnitArray.java

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
+import lombok.Getter;
 
 public class SamplerUnitArray {
 
     private static final int MIN_UNITS = 16;
 
     private int[] samplers;
+    @Getter
+    private int highestBoundUnit = -1;
 
     public int get(int unit) {
         final int[] local = samplers;
@@ -22,15 +25,27 @@ public class SamplerUnitArray {
         }
         if (unit >= local.length) return false;
         local[unit] = sampler;
+        if (sampler != 0) {
+            highestBoundUnit = Math.max(highestBoundUnit, unit);
+        } else if (unit == highestBoundUnit) {
+            trimUnboundUnits();
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
     public void unbindEverywhere(int sampler) {
         final int[] local = samplers;
         if (local == null) return;
-        for (int i = 0; i < local.length; i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i <= highestBoundUnit; i++) {
             if (local[i] == sampler) local[i] = 0;
         }
+        trimUnboundUnits();
+    }
+
+    private void trimUnboundUnits() {
+        while (highestBoundUnit >= 0 && samplers[highestBoundUnit] == 0) {
+            highestBoundUnit--;
+        }
     }
 
     public int size() {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/TextureUnitArray.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 import org.joml.Matrix4fStack;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
     private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] states;
     private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texture1DStates;
     private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texture3DStates;
+    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] textureCubeMapStates;
     private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texGenSStates;
     private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texGenTStates;
     private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texGenRStates;
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
         states = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
         texture1DStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
         texture3DStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
+        textureCubeMapStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
         texGenSStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
         texGenTStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
         texGenRStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
             states[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, i));
             texture1DStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_1D, i));
             texture3DStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D, i));
+            textureCubeMapStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, i));
             texGenSStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S, i));
             texGenTStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T, i));
             texGenRStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R, i));
@@ -90,6 +94,10 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
         return texture3DStates[index];
     }
 
+    public TextureUnitBooleanStateStack getTextureCubeMapStates(int index) {
+        return textureCubeMapStates[index];
+    }
+
     public TextureUnitBooleanStateStack getTexGenSStates(int index) {
         return texGenSStates[index];
     }
@@ -127,6 +135,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
             if (!states[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.states[i])) return false;
             if (!texture1DStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texture1DStates[i])) return false;
             if (!texture3DStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texture3DStates[i])) return false;
+            if (!textureCubeMapStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.textureCubeMapStates[i])) return false;
             if (!texGenSStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texGenSStates[i])) return false;
             if (!texGenTStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texGenTStates[i])) return false;
             if (!texGenRStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texGenRStates[i])) return false;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/GlStreamingRing.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ final class GlStreamingRing {
 
     private static final long SYNC_WAIT_SLICE_NANOS = 10_000_000L;
     private static final long SYNC_WAIT_TOTAL_NANOS = 5_000_000_000L;
+    private static long totalFencesIssued;
 
     private final FenceQueue fences = new FenceQueue();
     private int writePos;
@@ -68,6 +69,9 @@ final class GlStreamingRing {
     /** Byte offset of a reserved range, or -1 when it can never be served. */
     long reserve(int bytes, int alignment) {
         if (bytes > capacity) return -1;
+        if (pendingBytes >= capacity / 4) {
+            fence();
+        }
         if (remaining < capacity / 2) {
             reclaim();
         }
@@ -82,9 +86,6 @@ final class GlStreamingRing {
         writePos = offset + bytes;
         remaining -= waste + bytes;
         pendingBytes += waste + bytes;
-        if (pendingBytes >= capacity / 4) {
-            fence();
-        }
         return offset;
     }
 
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ final class GlStreamingRing {
             fences.enqueue(GLStateManager.glFenceSync(GL32.GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0), pendingBytes);
             pendingBytes = 0;
             fencesIssued++;
+            totalFencesIssued++;
         }
     }
 
@@ -154,6 +156,7 @@ final class GlStreamingRing {
     int remaining() { return remaining; }
     int wraps() { return wraps; }
     int fencesIssued() { return fencesIssued; }
+    static long totalFencesIssued() { return totalFencesIssued; }
     int forcedReclaims() { return forcedReclaims; }
 
     void destroy() {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/LineQuads.java

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memCopy;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetFloat;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutFloat;
+
+/**
+ * Rewrites line primitives as quads for shaders that widen lines in the vertex stage.
+ */
+public final class LineQuads {
+
+    public static final int VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT = 6;
+
+    private static final VertexFormatElement NORMAL_SLOT = new VertexFormatElement(0, VertexFormatElement.Type.FLOAT,
+        VertexFormatElement.Usage.NORMAL, 3, VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT, DefaultVertexFormat.NORMAL_ELEMENT.getWriter());
+
+    private static final VertexFormat[] QUAD_FORMATS = new VertexFormat[VertexFlags.BITSET_SIZE];
+    private static final int[][] SOURCE_OFFSETS = new int[VertexFlags.BITSET_SIZE][];
+
+    static {
+        for (int flags = 0; flags < QUAD_FORMATS.length; flags++) {
+            if ((flags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) == 0) continue;
+            final VertexFormatElement[] elements = DefaultVertexFormat.ALL_FORMATS[flags].elementsArray.clone();
+            for (int i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+                if (elements[i] == DefaultVertexFormat.NORMAL_ELEMENT) elements[i] = NORMAL_SLOT;
+            }
+            QUAD_FORMATS[flags] = new VertexFormat(elements);
+        }
+        for (int flags = 0; flags < SOURCE_OFFSETS.length; flags++) {
+            final VertexFormatElement[] quadElements = QUAD_FORMATS[flags | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT].elementsArray;
+            final int[] offsets = new int[quadElements.length];
+            for (int i = 0; i < quadElements.length; i++) {
+                offsets[i] = offsetOf(DefaultVertexFormat.ALL_FORMATS[flags], quadElements[i]);
+            }
+            SOURCE_OFFSETS[flags] = offsets;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private LineQuads() {}
+
+    public static boolean isLineMode(int drawMode) {
+        return drawMode == GL11.GL_LINES || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_STRIP || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP;
+    }
+
+    public static int segmentCount(int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
+        return switch (drawMode) {
+            case GL11.GL_LINES -> vertexCount / 2;
+            case GL11.GL_LINE_STRIP -> Math.max(0, vertexCount - 1);
+            case GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP -> vertexCount < 2 ? 0 : vertexCount;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static boolean disableCulling() {
+        final boolean wasEnabled = GLStateManager.getCullState().isEnabled();
+        if (wasEnabled) {
+            GLStateManager.disableCull();
+        }
+        return wasEnabled;
+    }
+
+    public static void restoreCulling(boolean wasEnabled) {
+        if (wasEnabled) {
+            GLStateManager.enableCull();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean beginDraw(int vertexFlags) {
+        VAOManager.setCurrentVertexFlags(vertexFlags);
+        final boolean culled = disableCulling();
+        GLStateManager.ctx().lineQuadsActive = true;
+        return culled;
+    }
+
+    public static void endDraw(boolean culled) {
+        GLStateManager.ctx().lineQuadsActive = false;
+        restoreCulling(culled);
+    }
+
+    public static VertexFormat quadFormat(VertexFormat lineFormat) {
+        return QUAD_FORMATS[lineFormat.getVertexFlags() | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT];
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isQuadFormat(VertexFormat format) {
+        return QUAD_FORMATS[format.getVertexFlags()] == format;
+    }
+
+    public static void expandWithDirection(long src, VertexFormat srcFormat, int drawMode, int vertexCount, long dst) {
+        expand(src, srcFormat, drawMode, vertexCount, dst, false);
+    }
+
+    public static void expandWithOtherEnd(long src, VertexFormat srcFormat, int drawMode, int vertexCount, long dst) {
+        expand(src, srcFormat, drawMode, vertexCount, dst, true);
+    }
+
+    private static void expand(long src, VertexFormat srcFormat, int drawMode, int vertexCount, long dst, boolean otherEnd) {
+        final VertexFormatElement[] dstElements = quadFormat(srcFormat).elementsArray;
+        final int[] srcOffsets = SOURCE_OFFSETS[srcFormat.getVertexFlags()];
+        final int srcStride = srcFormat.getVertexSize();
+        final int segments = segmentCount(drawMode, vertexCount);
+        long out = dst;
+        for (int s = 0; s < segments; s++) {
+            final int a = drawMode == GL11.GL_LINES ? s * 2 : s;
+            final int b = drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP && s == vertexCount - 1 ? 0 : a + 1;
+            final long srcA = src + (long) a * srcStride;
+            final long srcB = src + (long) b * srcStride;
+            // What A's and B's corners carry in the normal slot
+            final float ax, ay, az, bx, by, bz;
+            if (otherEnd) {
+                ax = memGetFloat(srcB); ay = memGetFloat(srcB + 4); az = memGetFloat(srcB + 8);
+                bx = memGetFloat(srcA); by = memGetFloat(srcA + 4); bz = memGetFloat(srcA + 8);
+            } else {
+                final float x = memGetFloat(srcB) - memGetFloat(srcA);
+                final float y = memGetFloat(srcB + 4) - memGetFloat(srcA + 4);
+                final float z = memGetFloat(srcB + 8) - memGetFloat(srcA + 8);
+                final float lengthSquared = x * x + y * y + z * z;
+                final float scale = lengthSquared == 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f / (float) Math.sqrt(lengthSquared);
+                ax = bx = x * scale;
+                ay = by = y * scale;
+                az = bz = z * scale;
+            }
+
+            out = writeVertex(srcA, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, ax, ay, az);
+            out = writeVertex(srcA, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, ax, ay, az);
+            out = writeVertex(srcB, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, bx, by, bz);
+            out = writeVertex(srcA, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, ax, ay, az);
+            out = writeVertex(srcB, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, bx, by, bz);
+            out = writeVertex(srcB, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, bx, by, bz);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static long writeVertex(long src, long dst, VertexFormatElement[] dstElements, int[] srcOffsets, float x, float y, float z) {
+        long out = dst;
+        for (int i = 0; i < dstElements.length; i++) {
+            final VertexFormatElement element = dstElements[i];
+            final int size = element.getByteSize();
+            if (element == NORMAL_SLOT) {
+                memPutFloat(out, x);
+                memPutFloat(out + 4, y);
+                memPutFloat(out + 8, z);
+            } else {
+                memCopy(src + srcOffsets[i], out, size);
+            }
+            out += size;
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    private static int offsetOf(VertexFormat format, VertexFormatElement element) {
+        int offset = 0;
+        for (VertexFormatElement candidate : format.elementsArray) {
+            if (candidate == element) {
+                return offset;
+            }
+            offset += candidate.getByteSize();
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/PersistentStreamingBuffer.java

@@ -45,12 +45,14 @@ public final class PersistentStreamingBuffer {
     public int getBufferId() { return ring.bufferId(); }
     public int getCapacity() { return ring.capacity(); }
     public int getRemaining() { return ring.remaining(); }
+    public int getFencesIssued() { return ring.fencesIssued(); }
     public int getForcedReclaims() { return ring.forcedReclaims(); }
     public int getWraps() { return ring.wraps(); }
+    public static long getFencesIssuedByAllRings() { return GlStreamingRing.totalFencesIssued(); }
 
     ByteBuffer getMappedBuffer() { return ring.mapped(); }
 
-    public void postDraw() {
+    public void endFrame() {
         ring.endFrame();
     }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/StreamingVaos.java

@@ -5,9 +5,25 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
 public final class StreamingVaos {
     private static final int FORMAT_COUNT = VertexFlags.BITSET_SIZE;
 
+    static final int MID_TEX_AND_TANGENT = 1;
+    static final int ENTITY_IDS = 2;
+    private static final int EXTENDED_LAYOUTS = MID_TEX_AND_TANGENT | ENTITY_IDS;
+
     final int[] persistentVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
     final int[] orphanVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
 
-    final int[] extendedPersistentVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
-    final int[] extendedOrphanVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
+    // An extended draw always carries at least one layout, so row 0 is layout 1
+    private final int[][] extendedPersistentVAOs = new int[EXTENDED_LAYOUTS][FORMAT_COUNT];
+    private final int[][] extendedOrphanVAOs = new int[EXTENDED_LAYOUTS][FORMAT_COUNT];
+
+    final int[] lineQuadPersistentVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
+    final int[] lineQuadOrphanVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
+
+    int[] extendedPersistent(int layout) {
+        return extendedPersistentVAOs[layout - 1];
+    }
+
+    int[] extendedOrphan(int layout) {
+        return extendedOrphanVAOs[layout - 1];
+    }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/TessellatorEntityIds.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Tessellator;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutLong;
+
+/**
+ * Entity, block entity, and item ids of the vertices in the main Tessellator batch.
+ */
+public final class TessellatorEntityIds {
+
+    private static Tessellator owner;
+    private static int runCount;
+    private static int[] runStarts = new int[8];
+    private static long[] runIds = new long[8];
+
+    private TessellatorEntityIds() {}
+
+    public static void onIdsChanged(long previous, long next) {
+        final Tessellator tess = Tessellator.instance;
+        if (tess == null || !tess.isDrawing || tess.vertexCount == 0) return;
+        final int start = tess.vertexCount;
+        if (owner != tess) {
+            owner = tess;
+            runCount = 0;
+        }
+        if (runCount == 0) addRun(0, previous);
+        if (runStarts[runCount - 1] == start) {
+            runIds[runCount - 1] = next;
+            if (runCount > 1 && runIds[runCount - 2] == next) runCount--;
+        } else {
+            addRun(start, next);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void onReset(Tessellator tess) {
+        if (tess != owner) return;
+        owner = null;
+        runCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean hasIdChanges(Tessellator tess) {
+        return tess == owner && runCount > 1;
+    }
+
+    static int runsFor(Tessellator tess, int vertexCount) {
+        if (tess != owner) return 0;
+        int runs = runCount;
+        while (runs > 0 && runStarts[runs - 1] >= vertexCount) runs--;
+        return runs;
+    }
+
+    static long firstRunIds() {
+        return runIds[0];
+    }
+
+    static void write(long dst, int stride, int vertexCount, int runs) {
+        for (int run = 0; run < runs; run++) {
+            final int end = run + 1 < runs ? runStarts[run + 1] : vertexCount;
+            final long ids = runIds[run];
+            for (int vertex = runStarts[run]; vertex < end; vertex++) {
+                memPutLong(dst + (long) vertex * stride, ids);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void addRun(int start, long ids) {
+        if (runCount == runStarts.length) {
+            runStarts = Arrays.copyOf(runStarts, runCount * 2);
+            runIds = Arrays.copyOf(runIds, runCount * 2);
+        }
+        runStarts[runCount] = start;
+        runIds[runCount] = ids;
+        runCount++;
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/TessellatorStreamingDrawer.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.LineDrawHandler;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.profiling.Tracy;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Tessellator;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
     private static long repackAddress;
     private static int repackCapacity;
 
+    private static ByteBuffer lineQuadBuffer;
+    private static long lineQuadAddress;
+    private static int lineQuadCapacity;
+
     private static boolean initialized = false;
 
     // Tracy profiling counters
@@ -104,53 +109,7 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         if (GLSMConfig.expandVertexFormats) {
             effectiveFlags = VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT | VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT | VertexFlags.BRIGHTNESS_BIT;
             if (effectiveFlags != flags) {
-                final int[] rawBuffer = tess.rawBuffer;
-                final int defaultColor;
-                if (!tess.hasColor) {
-                    final var c = GLStateManager.getColor();
-                    defaultColor = ((int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getAlpha()) * 255) << 24) | ((int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getBlue()) * 255) << 16)
-                        | ((int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getGreen()) * 255) << 8) | (int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getRed()) * 255);
-                } else {
-                    defaultColor = 0;
-                }
-
-                final int defaultBrightness;
-                if (!tess.hasBrightness) {
-                    defaultBrightness = GLSMConfig.packedLastBrightness();
-                } else {
-                    defaultBrightness = 0;
-                }
-
-                final ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler normalHandler = GLSMHooks.immediateExtendedHandler;
-                final boolean faceNormals = !tess.hasNormals && normalHandler != null
-                    && ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.extPrimVerts(tess.drawMode, vertexCount) == 4 && normalHandler.wantsFaceNormals();
-                final boolean fillNormal = !tess.hasNormals && !faceNormals;
-
-                final int defaultNormal;
-                if (fillNormal) {
-                    final var n = ShaderManager.getCurrentNormal();
-                    defaultNormal = ((int)(clamp(-1f, 1f, n.z) * 127) << 16) | (((int)(clamp(-1f, 1f, n.y) * 127) & 0xFF) << 8) | ((int)(clamp(-1f, 1f, n.x) * 127) & 0xFF);
-                } else {
-                    defaultNormal = 0;
-                }
-
-                final int defaultTexU, defaultTexV;
-                if (!tess.hasTexture) {
-                    final var tc = ShaderManager.getCurrentTexCoord();
-                    defaultTexU = Float.floatToRawIntBits(tc.x);
-                    defaultTexV = Float.floatToRawIntBits(tc.y);
-                } else {
-                    defaultTexU = 0; defaultTexV = 0;
-                }
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
-                    final int base = i * 8;
-                    if (!tess.hasTexture)    { rawBuffer[base + 3] = defaultTexU; rawBuffer[base + 4] = defaultTexV; }
-                    if (!tess.hasColor)      { rawBuffer[base + 5] = defaultColor; }
-                    if (fillNormal)          { rawBuffer[base + 6] = defaultNormal; }
-                    if (!tess.hasBrightness) { rawBuffer[base + 7] = defaultBrightness; }
-                }
-                if (faceNormals) normalHandler.writeFaceNormals(rawBuffer, vertexCount);
+                fillMissingAttributes(tess);
             }
         } else {
             effectiveFlags = flags;
@@ -171,20 +130,34 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
             final int extPrim = extHandler == null ? 0 : ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.extPrimVerts(tess.drawMode, vertexCount);
             final boolean wantsExt = extHandler != null && extHandler.wantsExtended();
             final boolean doExt = extPrim != 0 && tess.hasTexture && wantsExt;
-            if (doExt) {
-                final int combinedStride = vertexSize + ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;
-                final int combinedBytes = vertexCount * combinedStride;
-                ensureExtScratch(combinedBytes);
-                interleaveBase(repackAddress, extScratchAddress, vertexCount, vertexSize, combinedStride);
-                // format expansion backfills a normal into rawBuffer, so trust effectiveFlags rather than tess.hasNormals
-                final int normalIndex = (effectiveFlags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) != 0 ? ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.RAW_NORMAL_INDEX : -1;
-                extHandler.build(tess.rawBuffer, vertexCount, extPrim, normalIndex, extScratchAddress + vertexSize, combinedStride);
-                extScratch.position(0);
-                extScratch.limit(combinedBytes);
-                uploadAndDrawExtended(extScratch, effectiveFlags, format, combinedStride, tess.drawMode, vertexCount);
-                shrinkExtScratchIfOversized(combinedBytes);
-            } else {
-                uploadAndDraw(repackBuffer, effectiveFlags, format, vertexSize, tess.drawMode, vertexCount);
+            final int idRuns = TessellatorEntityIds.runsFor(tess, vertexCount);
+            final boolean doIds = idRuns > 1 && extHandler != null && extHandler.wantsEntityIds() && !LineQuads.isLineMode(tess.drawMode);
+            final GLContextState swappedCtx = idRuns >= 1 && !doIds ? GLStateManager.ctx() : null;
+            final long restoreIds = swappedCtx != null ? swapEntityIds(swappedCtx, TessellatorEntityIds.firstRunIds()) : 0L;
+            try {
+                if (doExt || doIds) {
+                    final int layout = (doExt ? StreamingVaos.MID_TEX_AND_TANGENT : 0) | (doIds ? StreamingVaos.ENTITY_IDS : 0);
+                    final int combinedStride = combinedStride(format, layout);
+                    final int combinedBytes = vertexCount * combinedStride;
+                    ensureExtScratch(combinedBytes);
+                    interleaveBase(repackAddress, extScratchAddress, vertexCount, vertexSize, combinedStride);
+                    long extAddress = extScratchAddress + vertexSize;
+                    if (doExt) {
+                        // format expansion backfills a normal into rawBuffer, so trust effectiveFlags rather than tess.hasNormals
+                        final int normalIndex = (effectiveFlags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) != 0 ? ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.RAW_NORMAL_INDEX : -1;
+                        extHandler.build(tess.rawBuffer, vertexCount, extPrim, normalIndex, extAddress, combinedStride);
+                        extAddress += ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;
+                    }
+                    if (doIds) TessellatorEntityIds.write(extAddress, combinedStride, vertexCount, idRuns);
+                    extScratch.position(0);
+                    extScratch.limit(combinedBytes);
+                    uploadAndDrawExtended(extScratch, effectiveFlags, format, layout, combinedStride, tess.drawMode, vertexCount);
+                    shrinkExtScratchIfOversized(combinedBytes);
+                } else {
+                    uploadAndDraw(repackBuffer, effectiveFlags, format, vertexSize, tess.drawMode, vertexCount);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (swappedCtx != null) swapEntityIds(swappedCtx, restoreIds);
             }
         } finally {
             if (locked) GLStateManager.releaseDrawLock();
@@ -201,6 +174,58 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         return result;
     }
 
+    public static void fillMissingAttributes(Tessellator tess) {
+        final int vertexCount = tess.vertexCount;
+        final int[] rawBuffer = tess.rawBuffer;
+        final int defaultColor;
+        if (!tess.hasColor) {
+            final var c = GLStateManager.getColor();
+            defaultColor = ((int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getAlpha()) * 255) << 24) | ((int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getBlue()) * 255) << 16)
+                | ((int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getGreen()) * 255) << 8) | (int)(clamp(0f, 1f, c.getRed()) * 255);
+        } else {
+            defaultColor = 0;
+        }
+
+        final int defaultBrightness;
+        if (!tess.hasBrightness) {
+            defaultBrightness = GLSMConfig.packedLastBrightness();
+        } else {
+            defaultBrightness = 0;
+        }
+
+        final ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler normalHandler = GLSMHooks.immediateExtendedHandler;
+        final boolean faceNormals = !tess.hasNormals && normalHandler != null
+            && ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.extPrimVerts(tess.drawMode, vertexCount) == 4 && normalHandler.wantsFaceNormals();
+        final boolean fillNormal = !tess.hasNormals && !faceNormals;
+        GLStateManager.requireExitVertexDefaults(fillNormal, !tess.hasTexture, !tess.hasColor, !tess.hasBrightness);
+
+        final int defaultNormal;
+        if (fillNormal) {
+            final var n = ShaderManager.getCurrentNormal();
+            defaultNormal = ((int)(clamp(-1f, 1f, n.z) * 127) << 16) | (((int)(clamp(-1f, 1f, n.y) * 127) & 0xFF) << 8) | ((int)(clamp(-1f, 1f, n.x) * 127) & 0xFF);
+        } else {
+            defaultNormal = 0;
+        }
+
+        final int defaultTexU, defaultTexV;
+        if (!tess.hasTexture) {
+            final var tc = ShaderManager.getCurrentTexCoord();
+            defaultTexU = Float.floatToRawIntBits(tc.x);
+            defaultTexV = Float.floatToRawIntBits(tc.y);
+        } else {
+            defaultTexU = 0; defaultTexV = 0;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
+            final int base = i * 8;
+            if (!tess.hasTexture)    { rawBuffer[base + 3] = defaultTexU; rawBuffer[base + 4] = defaultTexV; }
+            if (!tess.hasColor)      { rawBuffer[base + 5] = defaultColor; }
+            if (fillNormal)          { rawBuffer[base + 6] = defaultNormal; }
+            if (!tess.hasBrightness) { rawBuffer[base + 7] = defaultBrightness; }
+        }
+        if (faceNormals) normalHandler.writeFaceNormals(rawBuffer, vertexCount);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Draw DirectTessellator data via streaming VBO+VAO. Used for live immediate mode emulation.
      */
@@ -243,7 +268,7 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         final long srcBase = memAddress0(packed) + packed.position();
         final int texOffset = ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.texOffset(format);
         final int normalOffset = ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.normalOffset(format);
-        final int combinedStride = vertexSize + ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;
+        final int combinedStride = combinedStride(format, StreamingVaos.MID_TEX_AND_TANGENT);
         final int combinedBytes = vertexCount * combinedStride;
         final boolean locked = GLStateManager.acquireDrawLock();
         try {
@@ -252,7 +277,7 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
             extHandler.buildPacked(srcBase, vertexSize, 0, texOffset, normalOffset, vertexCount, extPrim, extScratchAddress + vertexSize, combinedStride);
             extScratch.position(0);
             extScratch.limit(combinedBytes);
-            uploadAndDrawExtended(extScratch, flags, format, combinedStride, drawMode, vertexCount);
+            uploadAndDrawExtended(extScratch, flags, format, StreamingVaos.MID_TEX_AND_TANGENT, combinedStride, drawMode, vertexCount);
             shrinkExtScratchIfOversized(combinedBytes);
         } finally {
             if (locked) GLStateManager.releaseDrawLock();
@@ -306,7 +331,7 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
 
     public static void endFrame() {
         if (persistentBuffer != null) {
-            persistentBuffer.postDraw();
+            persistentBuffer.endFrame();
         }
     }
 
@@ -315,12 +340,18 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
      * Tries the persistent ring buffer first, falls back to orphan buffer on overflow.
      */
     private static void uploadAndDraw(ByteBuffer packed, int flags, VertexFormat format, int vertexSize, int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
+        if (LineQuads.isLineMode(drawMode) && drawLinesAsQuads(packed, format, drawMode, vertexCount)) {
+            return;
+        }
         Tracy.beginZone(Z_SDL_STREAM_DRAW);
         final boolean locked = GLStateManager.acquireDrawLock();
         try {
             final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
             final StreamingVaos vaos = glCtx.streamingVaos;
-            ensureVAO(vaos, flags, format);
+            final boolean lineQuads = LineQuads.isQuadFormat(format);
+            final int[] persistentVAOs = lineQuads ? vaos.lineQuadPersistentVAOs : vaos.persistentVAOs;
+            final int[] orphanVAOs = lineQuads ? vaos.lineQuadOrphanVAOs : vaos.orphanVAOs;
+            ensureVAO(persistentVAOs, orphanVAOs, flags, format);
 
             if (Tracy.ENABLED) {
                 streamedBytes += packed.remaining();
@@ -330,15 +361,16 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
             int firstVertex = -1;
 
             if (persistentBuffer != null) {
-                firstVertex = persistentBuffer.upload(packed, vertexSize, drawMode == GL11.GL_QUADS ? 4 : 1);
+                final int alignment = drawMode == GL11.GL_QUADS ? 4 : lineQuads ? LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT : 1;
+                firstVertex = persistentBuffer.upload(packed, vertexSize, alignment);
             }
 
             final boolean fromRing = firstVertex >= 0;
             if (fromRing) {
-                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.persistentVAOs[flags]);
+                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(persistentVAOs[flags]);
             } else {
                 if (Tracy.ENABLED && persistentBuffer != null) orphanFallbacks++;
-                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.orphanVAOs[flags]);
+                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(orphanVAOs[flags]);
                 orphanBuffers[flags].upload(packed);
                 firstVertex = 0;
             }
@@ -357,6 +389,72 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         }
     }
 
+    private static boolean drawLinesAsQuads(ByteBuffer packed, VertexFormat format, int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
+        final int segments = LineQuads.segmentCount(drawMode, vertexCount);
+        if (segments == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final LineDrawHandler handler = GLSMHooks.lineDrawHandler;
+        if (handler != null && handler.bindLineProgram()) {
+            try {
+                drawLineQuads(packed, format, drawMode, vertexCount, segments, false);
+            } finally {
+                handler.restoreProgram();
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (GLStateManager.ffpWidensLineQuads()) {
+            final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+            glCtx.lineQuadsActive = true;
+            try {
+                drawLineQuads(packed, format, drawMode, vertexCount, segments, true);
+            } finally {
+                glCtx.lineQuadsActive = false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static void drawLineQuads(ByteBuffer packed, VertexFormat format, int drawMode, int vertexCount, int segments, boolean otherEnd) {
+        final VertexFormat quadFormat = LineQuads.quadFormat(format);
+        final int quadVertices = segments * LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT;
+        final int quadBytes = quadVertices * quadFormat.getVertexSize();
+        ensureLineQuadCapacity(quadBytes);
+        final long src = memAddress0(packed) + packed.position();
+        if (otherEnd) {
+            LineQuads.expandWithOtherEnd(src, format, drawMode, vertexCount, lineQuadAddress);
+        } else {
+            LineQuads.expandWithDirection(src, format, drawMode, vertexCount, lineQuadAddress);
+        }
+        lineQuadBuffer.position(0);
+        lineQuadBuffer.limit(quadBytes);
+        final boolean culled = LineQuads.disableCulling();
+        try {
+            uploadAndDraw(lineQuadBuffer, quadFormat.getVertexFlags(), quadFormat, quadFormat.getVertexSize(), GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, quadVertices);
+        } finally {
+            LineQuads.restoreCulling(culled);
+        }
+        if (lineQuadCapacity > 0x20000 && quadBytes < (lineQuadCapacity >> 3)) {
+            memFree(lineQuadBuffer);
+            lineQuadBuffer = null;
+            lineQuadCapacity = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureLineQuadCapacity(int requiredBytes) {
+        if (lineQuadBuffer != null && requiredBytes <= lineQuadCapacity) return;
+
+        int newCapacity = Math.max(0x4000, lineQuadCapacity);
+        while (newCapacity < requiredBytes) {
+            newCapacity *= 2;
+        }
+        if (lineQuadBuffer != null) memFree(lineQuadBuffer);
+        lineQuadBuffer = memAlloc(newCapacity);
+        lineQuadAddress = memAddress0(lineQuadBuffer);
+        lineQuadCapacity = newCapacity;
+    }
+
     public static long ringWraps() {
         return persistentBuffer == null ? 0L : persistentBuffer.getWraps();
     }
@@ -365,6 +463,7 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         FfpExtendedAttribs.beginInternalDraw();
         try {
             if (drawMode == GL11.GL_QUADS) {
+                GLStateManager.drawCalls++;
                 QuadConverter.drawQuadsAsTriangles(glCtx, firstVertex, vertexCount);
             } else {
                 GLStateManager.glDrawArrays(drawMode, firstVertex, vertexCount);
@@ -374,11 +473,11 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         }
     }
 
-    private static void uploadAndDrawExtended(ByteBuffer combined, int flags, VertexFormat format, int combinedStride, int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
+    private static void uploadAndDrawExtended(ByteBuffer combined, int flags, VertexFormat format, int layout, int combinedStride, int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
         final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
         final StreamingVaos vaos = glCtx.streamingVaos;
-        ensureVAO(vaos, flags, format);
-        ensureExtendedVAOs(vaos, flags, format);
+        ensureVAO(vaos.persistentVAOs, vaos.orphanVAOs, flags, format);
+        ensureExtendedVAOs(vaos, flags, format, layout);
 
         int firstVertex = -1;
 
@@ -387,9 +486,9 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         }
 
         if (firstVertex >= 0) {
-            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.extendedPersistentVAOs[flags]);
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.extendedPersistent(layout)[flags]);
         } else {
-            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.extendedOrphanVAOs[flags]);
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.extendedOrphan(layout)[flags]);
             orphanBuffers[flags].upload(combined);
             firstVertex = 0;
         }
@@ -398,14 +497,14 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
     }
 
-    private static void ensureExtendedVAOs(StreamingVaos vaos, int flags, VertexFormat format) {
-        final int[] extendedOrphanVAOs = vaos.extendedOrphanVAOs;
-        final int[] extendedPersistentVAOs = vaos.extendedPersistentVAOs;
+    private static void ensureExtendedVAOs(StreamingVaos vaos, int flags, VertexFormat format, int layout) {
+        final int[] extendedOrphanVAOs = vaos.extendedOrphan(layout);
+        final int[] extendedPersistentVAOs = vaos.extendedPersistent(layout);
         if (extendedOrphanVAOs[flags] == 0) {
             extendedOrphanVAOs[flags] = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
             GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(extendedOrphanVAOs[flags]);
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, orphanBuffers[flags].getBufferId());
-            setupExtendedBufferState(format);
+            setupExtendedBufferState(format, layout);
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
             GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
         }
@@ -414,20 +513,42 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
             extendedPersistentVAOs[flags] = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
             GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(extendedPersistentVAOs[flags]);
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, persistentBuffer.getBufferId());
-            setupExtendedBufferState(format);
+            setupExtendedBufferState(format, layout);
             GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
             GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
         }
     }
 
-    private static void setupExtendedBufferState(VertexFormat format) {
-        final int combinedStride = format.getVertexSize() + ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;
+    private static long swapEntityIds(GLContextState glCtx, long ids) {
+        final long previous = glCtx.entityIds;
+        if (previous != ids) {
+            glCtx.entityIds = ids;
+            glCtx.dirtyEntityIdsAttrib = true;
+        }
+        return previous;
+    }
+
+    private static int combinedStride(VertexFormat format, int layout) {
+        int stride = format.getVertexSize();
+        if ((layout & StreamingVaos.MID_TEX_AND_TANGENT) != 0) stride += ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;
+        if ((layout & StreamingVaos.ENTITY_IDS) != 0) stride += ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.ENTITY_IDS_STRIDE;
+        return stride;
+    }
+
+    private static void setupExtendedBufferState(VertexFormat format, int layout) {
+        final int combinedStride = combinedStride(format, layout);
         long offset = 0;
         for (final VertexFormatElement element : format.elementsArray) {
             element.setupBufferState(offset, combinedStride);
             offset += element.getByteSize();
         }
-        ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.setupExtAttribPointers(offset, combinedStride);
+        if ((layout & StreamingVaos.MID_TEX_AND_TANGENT) != 0) {
+            ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.setupExtAttribPointers(offset, combinedStride);
+            offset += ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;
+        }
+        if ((layout & StreamingVaos.ENTITY_IDS) != 0) {
+            ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.setupEntityIdsPointer(offset, combinedStride);
+        }
     }
 
     private static void ensureExtScratch(int requiredBytes) {
@@ -480,11 +601,9 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
         return repackBuffer;
     }
 
-    private static void ensureVAO(StreamingVaos vaos, int flags, VertexFormat format) {
+    private static void ensureVAO(int[] persistentVAOs, int[] orphanVAOs, int flags, VertexFormat format) {
         init();
         if (orphanBuffers[flags] == null) orphanBuffers[flags] = new OrphanStreamingBuffer();
-        final int[] orphanVAOs = vaos.orphanVAOs;
-        final int[] persistentVAOs = vaos.persistentVAOs;
 
         if (orphanVAOs[flags] == 0) {
             orphanVAOs[flags] = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/texture/TextureInfo.java

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ public class TextureInfo {
     protected int resolvedInternalFormat = -1;
     protected int width = -1;
     protected int height = -1;
+    @Getter @Setter private int atlasGutter;
 
-    @Setter protected int minFilter = UNSET_INT;
-    @Setter protected int magFilter = UNSET_INT;
+    protected int minFilter = UNSET_INT;
+    protected int magFilter = UNSET_INT;
     @Setter protected int wrapS = UNSET_INT;
     @Setter protected int wrapT = UNSET_INT;
     @Setter protected int maxLevel = UNSET_INT;
@@ -37,9 +38,12 @@ public class TextureInfo {
     @Getter @Setter protected boolean generateMipmap = false;
 
     @Getter protected int uploadGeneration;
+    @Getter protected boolean writtenOutsideUploads;
+    @Getter protected int changeStamp;
 
     void bumpUploadGeneration() {
         uploadGeneration++;
+        changeStamp++;
     }
 
     protected TextureInfo(int id) {
@@ -78,6 +82,16 @@ public class TextureInfo {
         return height;
     }
 
+    public void setMinFilter(int minFilter) {
+        this.minFilter = minFilter;
+        changeStamp++;
+    }
+
+    public void setMagFilter(int magFilter) {
+        this.magFilter = magFilter;
+        changeStamp++;
+    }
+
     public int getMinFilter() {
         if (minFilter == UNSET_INT) minFilter = queryParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER);
         return minFilter;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/texture/TextureInfoCache.java

@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL40;
 
 import java.nio.Buffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+import java.util.function.IntConsumer;
 
 public class TextureInfoCache {
     /**
@@ -28,10 +31,45 @@ public class TextureInfoCache {
 
     private final Int2ObjectMap<TextureInfo> cache = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
     private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+    private final List<IntConsumer> deleteListeners = new ArrayList<>();
+    private int deleteCount;
 
     private TextureInfoCache() {
     }
 
+    public int deleteCount() {
+        return deleteCount;
+    }
+
+    public void addDeleteListener(IntConsumer listener) {
+        deleteListeners.add(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void onContentsChanged(int texture) {
+        if (texture <= 0) return;
+        final TextureInfo info = getInfo(texture);
+        if (info != null) info.bumpUploadGeneration();
+    }
+
+    public void onWrittenOutsideUploads(int texture) {
+        if (texture <= 0) return;
+        final TextureInfo info = getInfo(texture);
+        if (info == null || info.writtenOutsideUploads) return;
+        info.writtenOutsideUploads = true;
+        info.changeStamp++;
+    }
+
+    private void defineLevelZero(int texture, int target, int internalformat, int width, int height) {
+        final TextureInfo info = getInfo(texture);
+        if (info == null) return;
+        info.setTarget(target);
+        info.internalFormat = internalformat;
+        info.resolvedInternalFormat = isGenericCompressedInternalFormat(internalformat) ? -1 : internalformat;
+        info.width = width;
+        info.height = height;
+        info.bumpUploadGeneration();
+    }
+
     public TextureInfo getInfo(int id) {
         if (id < 0) return null;
 
@@ -48,48 +86,27 @@ public class TextureInfoCache {
     }
 
     public void onTexImage2D(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable Buffer pixels) {
-        if (isTrackedTarget(target) && level == 0) {
-            final TextureInfo info = getInfo(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState());
-            if (info == null) return;
-            info.setTarget(target);
-            info.internalFormat = internalformat;
-            info.resolvedInternalFormat = isGenericCompressedInternalFormat(internalformat) ? -1 : internalformat;
-            info.width = width;
-            info.height = height;
-            info.bumpUploadGeneration();
-        }
+        if (isTrackedTarget(target) && level == 0) defineLevelZero(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(), target, internalformat, width, height);
     }
 
     public void onTexImage2D(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, long pixels_buffer_offset) {
-        if (isTrackedTarget(target) && level == 0) {
-            final TextureInfo info = getInfo(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState());
-            if (info == null) return;
-            info.setTarget(target);
-            info.internalFormat = internalformat;
-            info.resolvedInternalFormat = isGenericCompressedInternalFormat(internalformat) ? -1 : internalformat;
-            info.width = width;
-            info.height = height;
-            info.bumpUploadGeneration();
-        }
+        if (isTrackedTarget(target) && level == 0) defineLevelZero(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(), target, internalformat, width, height);
+    }
+
+    public void onCopyTexImage2D(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height) {
+        if (isTrackedTarget(target) && level == 0) defineLevelZero(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(), target, internalformat, width, height);
+    }
+
+    public void onTextureImage2D(int texture, int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height) {
+        if (isTrackedTarget(target) && level == 0) defineLevelZero(texture, target, internalformat, width, height);
     }
 
     public void onTexStorage2D(int target, int internalformat, int width, int height) {
-        if (!isTrackedTarget(target)) return;
-        final TextureInfo info = getInfo(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState());
-        if (info == null) return;
-        info.setTarget(target);
-        info.internalFormat = internalformat;
-        info.resolvedInternalFormat = isGenericCompressedInternalFormat(internalformat) ? -1 : internalformat;
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.bumpUploadGeneration();
+        if (isTrackedTarget(target)) defineLevelZero(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(), target, internalformat, width, height);
     }
 
     public void onTexSubImage2D(int target, int level) {
-        if (!isTrackedTarget(target) || level != 0) return;
-        final TextureInfo info = getInfo(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState());
-        if (info == null) return;
-        info.bumpUploadGeneration();
+        if (isTrackedTarget(target) && level == 0) onContentsChanged(GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState());
     }
 
     public static boolean isGenericCompressedInternalFormat(int internalFormat) {
@@ -131,9 +148,11 @@ public class TextureInfoCache {
 
     public void onDeleteTexture(int id) {
         if (id < 0) return;
+        deleteCount++;
 
         if (GLStateManager.isSplashComplete()) {
             cache.remove(id);
+            for (IntConsumer listener : deleteListeners) listener.accept(id);
             return;
         }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/texture/TextureTargets.java

@@ -27,4 +27,20 @@ public final class TextureTargets {
             default -> false;
         };
     }
+
+    public static int bindingQuery(int target) {
+        return switch (target) {
+            case GL11.GL_TEXTURE_1D -> GL11.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_1D;
+            case GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D -> GL12.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_3D;
+            case GL13.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP -> GL13.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_CUBE_MAP;
+            case GL30.GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY -> GL30.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_1D_ARRAY;
+            case GL30.GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY -> GL30.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D_ARRAY;
+            case GL31.GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE -> GL31.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_RECTANGLE;
+            case GL31.GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER -> GL31.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_BUFFER;
+            case GL32.GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE -> GL32.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D_MULTISAMPLE;
+            case GL32.GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY -> GL32.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY;
+            case GL40.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY -> GL40.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY;
+            default -> GL11.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D;
+        };
+    }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/threading/AngelicaWorkers.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 public final class AngelicaWorkers {
@@ -153,6 +155,51 @@ public final class AngelicaWorkers {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Runs every task and returns the results in task order.
+     */
+    public static <T> List<T> invokeAll(List<? extends Supplier<? extends T>> tasks) {
+        final int count = tasks.size();
+        final Object[] results = new Object[count];
+        if (count == 0) return new ArrayList<>();
+        final AtomicInteger next = new AtomicInteger();
+        final CountDownLatch finished = new CountDownLatch(count);
+        final AtomicReference<Throwable> failure = new AtomicReference<>();
+        final Runnable drain = () -> {
+            int i;
+            while ((i = next.getAndIncrement()) < count) {
+                try {
+                    results[i] = tasks.get(i).get();
+                } catch (Throwable t) {
+                    failure.compareAndSet(null, t);
+                } finally {
+                    finished.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        final int helpers = Math.min(threads(), count - 1);
+        for (int h = 0; h < helpers; h++) {
+            run(drain);
+        }
+        drain.run();
+        try {
+            finished.await();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Interrupted waiting for worker tasks", e);
+        }
+        final Throwable t = failure.get();
+        if (t instanceof RuntimeException re) throw re;
+        if (t instanceof Error err) throw err;
+        if (t != null) throw new IllegalStateException(t);
+        final List<T> out = new ArrayList<>(count);
+        for (Object result : results) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final T typed = (T) result;
+            out.add(typed);
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
     private static void checkIdleShutdown() {
         synchronized (lock) {
             final ExecutorService current = executor;

glsm/src/main/resources/assets/angelica/shaders/include/line_quads.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+bool angelica_lineStart(int corner) {
+    return corner == 0 || corner == 1 || corner == 3;
+}
+
+vec4 angelica_lineQuad(vec4 clipThis, vec4 clipOther, int corner, vec2 viewport, float width, out float lineT) {
+    bool lineStart = angelica_lineStart(corner);
+    vec4 lineC0 = lineStart ? clipThis : clipOther;
+    vec4 lineC1 = lineStart ? clipOther : clipThis;
+    lineT = 0.0;
+    float lineD0 = lineC0.z + lineC0.w;
+    float lineD1 = lineC1.z + lineC1.w;
+    if (lineD0 < 0.0 && lineD1 < 0.0) {
+        return vec4(0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 1.0);
+    } else {
+        float lineT0 = lineD0 < 0.0 ? lineD0 / (lineD0 - lineD1) : 0.0;
+        float lineT1 = lineD1 < 0.0 ? lineD0 / (lineD0 - lineD1) : 1.0;
+        lineT = lineStart ? lineT0 : lineT1;
+        vec4 lineP0 = mix(lineC0, lineC1, lineT0);
+        vec4 lineP1 = mix(lineC0, lineC1, lineT1);
+        vec2 lineN0 = lineP0.xy / lineP0.w;
+        vec2 lineN1 = lineP1.xy / lineP1.w;
+        vec2 linePixel = 2.0 / viewport;
+        float lineHalfWidth = 0.5 * width;
+        vec2 lineOffset;
+        vec2 lineShift;
+        vec2 lineSpan = abs(lineN1 - lineN0) * viewport;
+        if (lineSpan.x > lineSpan.y) {
+            lineOffset = vec2(0.0, lineHalfWidth * linePixel.y);
+            lineShift = vec2(lineN0.x < lineN1.x ? -0.5 : 0.5, -0.125) * linePixel;
+        } else {
+            lineOffset = vec2(lineHalfWidth * linePixel.x, 0.0);
+            lineShift = vec2(0.125, lineN0.y < lineN1.y ? -0.5 : 0.5) * linePixel;
+        }
+        vec4 lineP = lineStart ? lineP0 : lineP1;
+        vec2 lineN = lineStart ? lineN0 : lineN1;
+        return vec4((lineN + (corner % 2 == 0 ? lineOffset : -lineOffset) + lineShift) * lineP.w, lineP.z, lineP.w);
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/resources/assets/angelica/shaders/texture_supersampling.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+const vec2 SAMPLE_OFFSETS[TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES] = vec2[](
+#if TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES == 2
+    vec2(0.25,   0.25), vec2(-0.25, -0.25)
+#elif TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES == 4
+    vec2(0.125,  0.375), vec2(-0.125, -0.375),
+    vec2(0.375, -0.125), vec2(-0.375, 0.125)
+#elif TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES == 8
+    vec2(-0.1875, -0.0625), vec2( 0.3125,  0.0625),
+    vec2(-0.0625,  0.1875), vec2(-0.3125, -0.1875),
+    vec2( 0.1875, -0.3125), vec2( 0.4375, -0.4375),
+    vec2(-0.4375,  0.3125), vec2( 0.0625,  0.4375)
+#elif TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES == 16
+    vec2( 0.0625,  0.0625), vec2(-0.0625, -0.1875),
+    vec2(-0.1875,  0.1250), vec2( 0.2500, -0.0625),
+    vec2(-0.3125, -0.1250), vec2( 0.1250,  0.3125),
+    vec2( 0.3125,  0.1875), vec2( 0.1875, -0.3125),
+    vec2(-0.1250,  0.3750), vec2( 0.0000, -0.4375),
+    vec2(-0.2500, -0.3750), vec2(-0.3750,  0.2500),
+    vec2(-0.5000,  0.0000), vec2( 0.4375, -0.2500),
+    vec2( 0.3750,  0.4375), vec2(-0.4375, -0.5000)
+#endif
+);
+
+vec4 sampleSupersampledTexture(sampler2D tex, vec4 coord) {
+    vec2 uv = coord.xy / coord.w;
+    vec2 dx = dFdx(uv);
+    vec2 dy = dFdy(uv);
+    ivec2 size = textureSize(tex, 0);
+    vec2 offsets[TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES];
+    vec2 extent = vec2(0.0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES; i++) {
+        offsets[i] = SAMPLE_OFFSETS[i].x * dx + SAMPLE_OFFSETS[i].y * dy;
+        extent = max(extent, abs(offsets[i]));
+    }
+    extent *= vec2(size);
+    float footprint = max(extent.x, extent.y);
+    if (footprint >= u_AtlasGutter) return textureGrad(tex, uv, dx, dy);
+    float supersampling = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.75 * u_AtlasGutter, u_AtlasGutter, footprint);
+
+    // The atlas gutter is 2^maxMipLevel.
+    float texelsPerPixel = max(length(dx * vec2(size)), length(dy * vec2(size)));
+    int lod = int(min(ceil(log2(max(texelsPerPixel / sqrt(float(TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES)), 1.0))),
+        log2(u_AtlasGutter)));
+
+    // Transparent texels must not tint the visible samples.
+    vec4 color = vec4(0.0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES; i++) {
+        ivec2 texel = min(ivec2(fract(uv + offsets[i]) * vec2(size)), size - 1);
+        vec4 sampleColor = texelFetch(tex, texel >> lod, lod);
+        color += vec4(sampleColor.rgb * sampleColor.a, sampleColor.a);
+    }
+    color /= float(TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING_SAMPLES);
+    if (supersampling < 1.0) {
+        vec4 filtered = textureGrad(tex, uv, dx, dy);
+        color = mix(vec4(filtered.rgb * filtered.a, filtered.a), color, supersampling);
+    }
+    return vec4(color.rgb / max(color.a, 0.00001), color.a);
+}

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ArrayUniformUploadGLTest.java

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
 
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
@@ -14,29 +13,6 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 @GLCoreTest
 class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
 
-    private static int compile(int type, String src) {
-        final int s = GL20.glCreateShader(type);
-        GL20.glShaderSource(s, src);
-        GL20.glCompileShader(s);
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, GL20.glGetShaderi(s, GL20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS), () -> "shader compile failed: " + GL20.glGetShaderInfoLog(s, 4096));
-        return s;
-    }
-
-    private static int link(String vs, String fs) {
-        final int v = compile(GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vs);
-        final int f = compile(GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fs);
-        final int p = GL20.glCreateProgram();
-        GL20.glAttachShader(p, v);
-        GL20.glAttachShader(p, f);
-        GL20.glLinkProgram(p);
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, GL20.glGetProgrami(p, GL20.GL_LINK_STATUS), () -> "link failed: " + GL20.glGetProgramInfoLog(p, 4096));
-        GL20.glDeleteShader(v);
-        GL20.glDeleteShader(f);
-        return p;
-    }
-
-    private static final String VS = "#version 330 core\nvoid main(){ gl_Position = vec4(0.0); }\n";
-
     @Test
     void glUniform2FloatBufferUploadsWholeArray() {
         // Runtime index keeps the whole array active so element locations stay queryable.
@@ -45,7 +21,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
             + "uniform int idx;\n"
             + "out vec4 o;\n"
             + "void main(){ o = vec4(cosmicuvs[idx], cosmicuvs[(idx+1)%10]); }\n";
-        final int p = link(VS, fs);
+        final int p = GlTestSupport.program(GlTestSupport.TRIVIAL_VS, fs);
         try {
             GL20.glUseProgram(p);
 
@@ -66,7 +42,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
             }
         } finally {
             GL20.glUseProgram(0);
-            GL20.glDeleteProgram(p);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteProgram(p);
         }
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +53,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
             + "uniform int idx;\n"
             + "out vec4 o;\n"
             + "void main(){ o = vec4(float(vals[idx])); }\n";
-        final int p = link(VS, fs);
+        final int p = GlTestSupport.program(GlTestSupport.TRIVIAL_VS, fs);
         try {
             GL20.glUseProgram(p);
 
@@ -96,7 +72,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
             }
         } finally {
             GL20.glUseProgram(0);
-            GL20.glDeleteProgram(p);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteProgram(p);
         }
     }
 }

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CaptureGateTest.java

@@ -5,30 +5,24 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 class CaptureGateTest {
 
-    @Test
-    void gateOffWhenNothingAttached() {
-        assertFalse(CaptureGate.gateValue(false, false, false));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void gateOnWhenForced() {
-        assertTrue(CaptureGate.gateValue(true, false, false));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void gateOnWhenToolAttached() {
-        assertTrue(CaptureGate.gateValue(false, true, false));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void gateOnWhenTracyConnected() {
-        assertTrue(CaptureGate.gateValue(false, false, true));
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @CsvSource({
+        "nothing attached, false, false, false, false",
+        "forced, true, false, false, true",
+        "tool attached, false, true, false, true",
+        "tracy connected, false, false, true, true"
+    })
+    void gateIsOnWhenAnySourceIs(String name, boolean forced, boolean toolAttached, boolean tracyConnected, boolean expected) {
+        assertEquals(expected, CaptureGate.gateValue(forced, toolAttached, tracyConnected));
     }
 
     @Test

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/DisplayListCompilationParityTest.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlTestSupport.assertMatrixEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
@@ -64,12 +65,6 @@ class DisplayListCompilationParityTest {
         return buf;
     }
 
-    private static void assertMatrixEquals(FloatBuffer expected, FloatBuffer actual, String message) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-            assertEquals(expected.get(i), actual.get(i), 0.001f, message + " (element " + i + ")");
-        }
-    }
-
     @BeforeEach
     void setup() {
         if (DisplayListManager.isRecording()) {
@@ -104,22 +99,6 @@ class DisplayListCompilationParityTest {
         GLStateManager.glLoadIdentity();
     }
 
-    @ParameterizedTest
-    @EnumSource(Caller.class)
-    void compile_doesNotChangeState(Caller c) {
-        testList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
-        c.newList(testList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-        c.enable(GL11.GL_BLEND);
-
-        assertFalse(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "During GL_COMPILE: state unchanged");
-
-        c.endList();
-        assertFalse(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "After GL_COMPILE: state unchanged");
-
-        c.callList(testList);
-        assertTrue(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "After playback: state changed");
-    }
-
     @ParameterizedTest
     @EnumSource(Caller.class)
     void compileAndExecute_changesStateImmediately(Caller c) {
@@ -191,6 +170,9 @@ class DisplayListCompilationParityTest {
         c.enable(GL11.GL_BLEND);
         c.enable(GL11.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
         c.enable(GL11.GL_CULL_FACE);
+
+        assertFalse(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "During GL_COMPILE: BLEND unchanged");
+
         c.endList();
 
         assertFalse(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "After GL_COMPILE: BLEND unchanged");