Fix MixinRendererLivingEntity_GlintClock expected count (#2248 )

Answer legacy GL queries from tracked state (#2247 )
Fix shaders that redefine a GLSL built-in failing on SDL-GPU and GLES (#2245 )
2026-11-15 01:34:48 +00:00 · 2026-10-10 18:06:45 -07:00 · 2026-10-10 17:31:02 -07:00 · 2026-10-10 14:05:33 -07:00 · 2026-10-10 16:54:21 -04:00 · 2026-10-10 13:22:49 -07:00
566 changed files with 23648 additions and 12835 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# usage: companion-version.sh <name> <catalog-key>; TAG is <name>-v<version>[-N] or unset
+set -euo pipefail
+
+name="${1:?name required}"
+key="${2:?catalog key required}"
+
+cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.."
+base="$(sed -nE "s/^$key = \"(.*)\"\$/\\1/p" gradle/libs.versions.toml)"
+[[ -n "$base" ]] || { echo "$key not found" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+tag="${TAG:-}"
+if [[ -z "$tag" ]]; then
+    echo "$base"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+version="${tag#"$name"-v}"
+if [[ "$version" == "$tag" || ( "$version" != "$base" && ! "$version" =~ ^"$base"-[1-9][0-9]*$ ) ]]; then
+    echo "bad tag '$tag': want $name-v$base[-N]" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo "$version"
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# usage: release-companion-jar.sh <jar> <notes>; TAG is <name>-v<version>
+set -euo pipefail
+
+: "${TAG:?TAG required}"
+jar="${1:?jar required}"
+notes="${2:?notes required}"
+
+gh release create "$TAG" "$jar" --latest=false --title "angelica-${TAG%%-v*} ${TAG#*-v}" --notes "$notes"
@@ -10,4 +10,6 @@ on:
 jobs:
  build-and-test:
    uses: GTNewHorizons/GTNH-Actions-Workflows/.github/workflows/build-and-test.yml@master
+    with:
+      disable-spotless-pr: true
    secrets: inherit
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Build angelica-moltenvk
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "moltenvk-v*"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      publish:
+        description: Publish angelica-moltenvk.jar to the GTNH maven
+        type: boolean
+        required: false
+        default: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: 21
+      - uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4
+      - name: Compute version
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && github.ref_name || '' }}
+        run: |
+          version="$(bash .github/scripts/companion-version.sh moltenvk lwjgl3Release)"
+          echo "MOLTENVK_VERSION=$version" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Build angelica-moltenvk.jar
+        run: ./gradlew -PmoltenvkVersion="$MOLTENVK_VERSION" :moltenvk:distJar
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: angelica-moltenvk
+          path: moltenvk/build/libs/angelica-moltenvk-*.jar
+          if-no-files-found: error
+      - name: Publish to GTNH maven
+        if: github.ref_type == 'tag' || inputs.publish
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USER: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USER }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+        run: ./gradlew -PpublishMoltenVK=true -PmoltenvkVersion="$MOLTENVK_VERSION" :moltenvk:publish
+      - name: Create GitHub release
+        if: github.ref_type == 'tag'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        run: bash .github/scripts/release-companion-jar.sh moltenvk/build/libs/angelica-moltenvk-*.jar "MoltenVK for the SDL GPU Vulkan driver on macOS."
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ on:
        required: false
        default: false

+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
  build:
    strategy:
@@ -66,8 +69,15 @@ jobs:
            cp "$d"/* "$dest/"
          done
          find tracy-client/src/main/resources/natives -type f
+      - name: Compute version
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' && github.ref_name || '' }}
+        run: |
+          version="$(bash .github/scripts/companion-version.sh tracy tracy)"
+          echo "TRACY_JAR_VERSION=$version" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Build angelica-tracy.jar
-        run: ./gradlew :tracy-client:distJar
+        run: ./gradlew -PtracyJarVersion="$TRACY_JAR_VERSION" :tracy-client:distJar
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: angelica-tracy
@@ -78,4 +88,10 @@ jobs:
        env:
          MAVEN_USER: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USER }}
          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
-        run: ./gradlew -PpublishTracy=true :tracy-client:publish
+        run: ./gradlew -PpublishTracy=true -PtracyJarVersion="$TRACY_JAR_VERSION" :tracy-client:publish
+      - name: Create GitHub release
+        if: github.ref_type == 'tag'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        run: bash .github/scripts/release-companion-jar.sh tracy-client/build/libs/angelica-tracy-*.jar "Tracy profiler backend for Angelica."
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Release tagged build

 on:
  push:
-    tags: [ '*', '!tracy-v*' ]
+    tags: [ '*', '!tracy-v*', '!moltenvk-v*' ]

 permissions:
  contents: write
@@ -2,31 +2,59 @@

 <sup>**[CurseForge](https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/angelica) | [Modrinth](https://modrinth.com/mod/angelica)**</sup>

-🌐 **Languages:** [English](README.MD) | [Українська](README_uk.MD)
-
 * The little Angle [sic] that supports shaders while saving your fps from a certain death -boubou
 * Is it obtuse, or accute? -Caedis
 * It's a cute angle -mitchej123
 * It's the angel that pulls you out of OptiFine's hell -Roadhog360

-## **Beta Quality - Here there be Dragons**
-* Shaders - Beta
+## What's in it
+* Shaders - Iris backport & enhancements
+* Terrain - Celeritas 2.5.12 with threaded chunk building and translucency sorting
+* GL 3.3 core profile with Java based fixed function pipeline emulation
+* Renderer selection - OpenGL, or SDL GPU for Vulkan/Metal/Direct3D 12
+* Batching and instancing for entities, tile entities, items, particles and weather
+* Dynamic lights
+* HUD caching
+* Custom fonts and text effects
+* MCPatcher - connected textures, custom item textures, custom colors, random mobs, better skies
+* Bundled NotFine, zoom, FPS reducer
+
+## Status
+* OpenGL + Celeritas terrain - Default
+* Shaders - Generally Available
   * Complementary + Euphoria Patches is the primary compatibility target
   * Sildurs, Seus, and any other shaders might work
+* SDL GPU renderer - Experimental
+* MCPatcher features - Alpha
+* HUD caching - Semi-stable
+
+## SDL GPU renderer
+Optional, OpenGL is the default
+* Vulkan, Metal (macOS) and Direct3D 12 (Windows) through SDL3
+* Needs [LWJGL3ify](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/lwjgl3ify/releases/) 3.0.25+
+* Falls back to OpenGL when no device can be created
+* Vulkan on macOS via MoltenVK from the optional `angelica-moltenvk` jar

 ## Core Profile
 Targets GL 3.3+ core profile
 * FFP emulation via generated GLSL shaders
 * Display list emulation
 * Software matrix stacks and state management through GLSM
-* GL_QUADS → GL_TRIANGLES conversion
+* GL_QUADS -> GL_TRIANGLES conversion
 * Automatic transformation of mod shaders that use compat-only GLSL builtins (`gl_ModelViewMatrix`, `texture2D`, etc.)


 # Required Dependencies
 * [UniMixins](https://github.com/LegacyModdingMC/UniMixins/releases) >= 0.1.23
 * [GTNHLib](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/GTNHLib/releases) >= 0.11.19
-* NOTE: Some mods are not required, but a specific version is required if present - see: `Permanent Incompatibilities` below.
+* NOTE: Some mods are not required, but a specific version is required if present - see: `Minimum versions` below.
+
+# Minimum versions (if present)
+* [LWJGL3ify](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/lwjgl3ify/releases/) 1.5.3+ (3.0.25+ for the SDL GPU renderer)
+* [Hodgepodge](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Hodgepodge/releases) 2.4.4+
+* [ArchaicFix](https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/archaicfix/files/all?page=1&pageSize=20) 0.7.0+
+* [CodeChickenCore](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/CodeChickenCore/releases) 1.2.0+ - Threading issues below that
+* [Amazing Trophies](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Amazing-Trophies/releases) 1.2.2+

 # Known (temporary) Incompatibilities
 * Forge Relocation - Currently non Thread Safe; safe if not in use
@@ -45,15 +73,15 @@ Targets GL 3.3+ core profile
 * FastCraft [Disabled, won't fix]
 * BetterFPS [Disabled, won't fix]
 * OptimizationsAndTweaks [Disabled, won't fix]
-* [Amazing Trophies 1.2.1 and below](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Amazing-Trophies/releases) - Use 1.2.2+
-* [LWJGL3ify 1.5.4 and below](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/lwjgl3ify/releases/) - Use the latest version available, 1.5.7+
-* [ArchaicFix 0.6.2 and below](https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/archaicfix/files/all?page=1&pageSize=20) - Use 0.7.0 or above
-* [Hodgepodge 2.4.3 and below](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Hodgepodge/releases) - Use 2.4.5 or above
-* CodeChicken[Core](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/CodeChickenCore/releases)/[Lib](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/CodeChickenLib/releases) <1.2.0 - Threading issues, use 1.3.0+
 * Neodymium - Untested, but unlikely to be compatible. (Chunk Meshing is definitely incompatible, other features might work depending on config)
 * SmoothFont - Equivalent functionality added
 * ClientFixer - Use a resource pack like [GTNH-FTI-Standard-Font](https://github.com/Eldrinn-Elantey/GTNH-FTI-Standard-Font)

+# Building
+* `./gradlew build`, `./gradlew test`
+* Subprojects: `glsm` (state manager, FFP emulation, backends), `lwjgl3-backend`, `sdl-gpu`, `tracy-client`, `moltenvk`
+* Read the [AI policy](AI_POLICY.md) before opening a PR
+
 # Credits
 * ShadersMod
  * Original ShadersMods: karyonix, sonic ether, id_miner, daxnitro
@@ -96,7 +124,7 @@ Targets GL 3.3+ core profile
  * FalsePattern for [FalseTweaks](https://github.com/falsepattern/falsetweaks) - Item Rendering Optimizations taken from FalseTweaks under the LGPL 3.0 license
 * Beddium
  * Venn and Falsepattern for [Beddium](https://github.com/vfx-dev/Beddium) - MinimapRenderer, SafeChunkTracker, and some debug commands adapted under the LGPL 3.0 License
-* [Mesa](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa) — Code ported and/or inspired from Mesa - under the MIT licensed
+* [Mesa](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa) - Code ported and/or inspired from Mesa - under the MIT license
  * Display list ID allocator ported from [util_idalloc](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/blob/main/src/util/u_idalloc.c) (Copyright 2017 Valve Corporation)
  * FFP vertex shader generation inspired by ffvertex_prog.c (Copyright 2007 VMware, Inc.)
  * FFP fragment shader generation inspired by ff_fragment_shader.c (Copyright 2007, 2009 VMware, Inc. / 2010-2011 Intel Corporation)
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ plugins {
    id("com.gtnewhorizons.gtnhconvention")
 }

+apply(from = "gradle/mod-version.gradle.kts")
+
 val lwjglDebug = false
 val gpuHud = false
 val renderdoc = false
@@ -146,6 +148,17 @@ fun Test.configureAngelicaJava8() {
    }
 }

+if (isMacOs && providers.gradleProperty("clientJvmVendor").isPresent) {
+    for (javaVersion in listOf(17, 21, 25)) {
+        tasks.named<JavaExec>("runClient$javaVersion") {
+            javaLauncher = javaToolchains.launcherFor {
+                languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
+                vendor = JvmVendorSpec.matching(providers.gradleProperty("clientJvmVendor").get())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 tasks.test {
    useJUnitPlatform { excludeTags = setOf("gl-core") }
    configureAngelicaJava8()
@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ DependencyHandlerScope.of(dependencies).apply {
    shadowImplementation(project(":lwjgl3-backend")) { isTransitive = false }
    shadowImplementation(project(":sdl-gpu")) { isTransitive = false }
    runtimeOnlyNonPublishable(project(":tracy-client")) { isTransitive = false }
+    if (System.getProperty("os.name").lowercase().contains("mac")) {
+        runtimeOnlyNonPublishable(project(":moltenvk")) { isTransitive = false }
+    }
    devOnlyNonPublishable(libs.async.profiler)
    shadowImplementation(libs.eventbus)

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public final class SystemProperties {

    // Backend selection
    public static final String KEY_USE_SDL_GPU = "angelica.sdlgpu.enable";
-    public static final boolean USE_SDL_GPU = Boolean.getBoolean(KEY_USE_SDL_GPU);
+    public static final Boolean SDL_GPU_OVERRIDE = parseBooleanOverride(KEY_USE_SDL_GPU);
    public static final String GL_PROFILE = System.getProperty("angelica.glProfile", "");
    public static final boolean DISABLE_NVIDIA_WORKAROUND = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.disableNvidiaWorkaround");
    public static final boolean DISABLE_LTW_WORKAROUND = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.disableLtwWorkaround");
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ public final class SystemProperties {

    // SDL-GPU
    public static final String KEY_SDL_GPU_DRIVER = "angelica.sdlgpu.driver";
-    public static final String SDL_GPU_DRIVER = System.getProperty(KEY_SDL_GPU_DRIVER, "");
+    public static final String SDL_GPU_DRIVER_OVERRIDE = parseStringOverride(KEY_SDL_GPU_DRIVER);
+    public static final String MOLTENVK_DIR = System.getProperty("angelica.moltenvk.dir", "angelica" + File.separator + "natives" + File.separator + "moltenvk");
    public static final boolean SDL_GPU_DEBUG = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.sdlgpu.debug");
    private static final SdlAssertionMode ENCODER_ASSERTIONS = parseEnum("angelica.sdlgpu.encoderAssertions", SdlAssertionMode.OFF, SdlAssertionMode.WARN, SdlAssertionMode.class);
    public static final boolean SDL_ENCODER_ASSERTIONS = ENCODER_ASSERTIONS != SdlAssertionMode.OFF;
@@ -61,8 +62,10 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
    public static final long FLYBY_TIME_OF_DAY = Math.floorMod(Long.getLong("angelica.flyby.timeOfDay", 6000L), 24000L);
    public static final String FLYBY_COMMANDS = System.getProperty("angelica.flyby.commands", "");
    public static final String FLYBY_ORIGIN = System.getProperty("angelica.flyby.origin", "");
+    public static final Integer FLYBY_DIMENSION = Integer.getInteger("angelica.flyby.dimension");
    public static final FlybyPacing FLYBY_PACING = parseEnum("angelica.flyby.pacing", FlybyPacing.UNCAPPED, FlybyPacing.UNCAPPED, FlybyPacing.class);
    public static final FlybyWeather FLYBY_WEATHER = parseEnum("angelica.flyby.weather", FlybyWeather.CLEAR, FlybyWeather.CLEAR, FlybyWeather.class);
+    public static final FlybyCamera FLYBY_CAMERA = parseEnum("angelica.flyby.camera", FlybyCamera.FIRST_PERSON, FlybyCamera.FIRST_PERSON, FlybyCamera.class);
    public static final boolean FLYBY_JFR = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.flyby.jfr");
    public static final float FLYBY_PITCH = parseFloat("angelica.flyby.pitch");
    public static final int FLYBY_SCREENSHOTS = Integer.getInteger("angelica.flyby.screenshots", 0);
@@ -131,6 +134,12 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
        CONFIGURED
    }

+    public enum FlybyCamera {
+        FIRST_PERSON,
+        THIRD_PERSON_BACK,
+        THIRD_PERSON_FRONT
+    }
+
    public enum FlybyWeather {
        CLEAR,
        RAIN,
@@ -158,7 +167,12 @@ public final class SystemProperties {

    private static Boolean parseBooleanOverride(String key) {
        final String raw = System.getProperty(key);
-        return raw == null ? null : Boolean.parseBoolean(raw);
+        return raw == null || raw.isEmpty() ? null : Boolean.parseBoolean(raw);
+    }
+
+    private static String parseStringOverride(String key) {
+        final String raw = System.getProperty(key);
+        return raw == null || raw.isEmpty() ? null : raw;
    }

    private static double parseDouble(String key) {
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.SystemProperties;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.RenderBackend;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.ShaderDiskCache;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.ShaderIndex;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.SpirvShaderTranslator;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
@@ -456,12 +457,7 @@ public class CompatShaderTransformer {
                continue;
            }

-            final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> declarators = new ArrayList<>();
-            declarators.add(decl.typeless_declaration());
-            if (decl.getParent() instanceof GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext list) {
-                declarators.addAll(list.typeless_declaration());
-            }
-            for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext d : declarators) {
+            for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext d : ShaderIndex.declarators((GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext) decl.getParent())) {
                if (d.IDENTIFIER() == null) continue;
                final int slots = baseSlots(baseType) * typeArraySlots * arraySlots(d.array_specifier());
                final String arraySuffix = typeArray + arraySuffix(d.array_specifier());
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ public class Feature {
            , GLStateManager.getSecondaryColor() // Current secondary color
            , ShaderManager.getNormalStack()    // Current normal vector
            , ShaderManager.getTexCoordStack()  // Current texture coordinates
+            , GLStateManager.getEdgeFlagState()
            // Current color index
            // Current raster position
            // GL_CURRENT_RASTER_POSITION_VALID flag
@@ -158,6 +159,8 @@ public class Feature {
            , GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetPointState()
            , GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetLineState()
            , GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetFillState()
+            , GLStateManager.getPointSpriteState()
+            , GLStateManager.getVertexProgramTwoSideState()
            , GLStateManager.getPolygonSmoothState()
            , GLStateManager.getPolygonStippleState()
            , GLStateManager.getRescaleNormalState()
@@ -178,6 +181,7 @@ public class Feature {
            enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture1DStates(i));
            enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i));
            enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture3DStates(i));
+            enableBits.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureCubeMapStates(i));
        }

        // Flags GL_TEXTURE_GEN_x where x is S, T, R, or Q
@@ -216,13 +220,7 @@ public class Feature {
                                       // ^^ GL_FOG_MODE value
        ));
        attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_HINT_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
-            // GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT setting
-            // GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT setting
-            // GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT setting
-            // GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT setting
-            // GL_FOG_HINT setting
-            // GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP_HINT setting
-            // GL_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_HINT setting
+            GLStateManager.getHintState()
        ));
        attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_LIGHTING_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
            GLStateManager.getColorMaterial()
@@ -286,6 +284,7 @@ public class Feature {
        ));
        attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_POINT_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
              GLStateManager.getPointSmoothState()
+            , GLStateManager.getPointSpriteState()
            , GLStateManager.getPointState()
        ));
        attribToFeatures.put(GL11.GL_POLYGON_BIT, ImmutableSet.of(
@@ -328,6 +327,10 @@ public class Feature {
        for(int i = 0 ; i < GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS; i++) {
            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(i));
            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexEnvState(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture1DStates(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexture3DStates(i));
+            textureAttribs.add(GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureCubeMapStates(i));
        }

        // Enable bits GL_TEXTURE_GEN_x where x is S, T, R, or Q
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.ImmediateModeRecorder;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ViewportState;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
    public static void processDrawArrays(int mode, int first, int count) {
        computeMVP();
        final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+        if (!glCtx.vaos.isAttribEnabled(0)) return;
        final int stride = positionStride(glCtx);
        final long posOffset = positionOffset(glCtx);
        final int byteCount = count * stride;
@@ -154,6 +156,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
    public static void processDrawElements(int mode, int indexCount, int type, long eboOffset) {
        computeMVP();
        final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+        if (!glCtx.vaos.isAttribEnabled(0)) return;
        final int stride = positionStride(glCtx);

        final int elementSize = GLTypes.sizeBytes(type);
@@ -210,6 +213,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
    private static void processDrawElementsImpl(int mode, int count, IndexReader reader) {
        computeMVP();
        final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+        if (!glCtx.vaos.isAttribEnabled(0)) return;
        final int stride = positionStride(glCtx);

        int minIdx = Integer.MAX_VALUE, maxIdx = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
@@ -261,6 +265,14 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
    }

    private static void readPositionBuffer(long offset, ByteBuffer destination, GLContextState glCtx) {
+        final VAOManager.Attrib position = glCtx.vaos.attrib(0);
+        if (position != null && position.clientPointer != null) {
+            final ByteBuffer source = position.clientPointer.duplicate();
+            source.position(source.position() + (int) offset);
+            if (source.remaining() > destination.remaining()) source.limit(source.position() + destination.remaining());
+            destination.duplicate().put(source);
+            return;
+        }
        final int positionVbo = glCtx.vaos.attribVBO(0);
        final int previousVbo = glCtx.boundVBO;

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.MaterialStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.MatrixModeStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.PointStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.PolygonStateStack;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.RetainedState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.ScissorStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.StackIdAllocator;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.StencilStateStack;
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.AlphaState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.BlendState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ClipPlaneState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.Color4;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ImageUnitArray;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.SamplerUnitArray;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureUnitArray;
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL14;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;

 import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ public class GLContextState {
    public int maxBoundTextureUnit = 0;
    public int maxBoundImageUnit = 0;
    public final StateSet[] attribSets = new StateSet[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public RetainedState retainedOwner;
    public int attribDepth = 0;

    public boolean savesState(int id) {
@@ -167,6 +170,9 @@ public class GLContextState {
    public final BooleanStateStack lineSmoothState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_LINE_SMOOTH));
    public final BooleanStateStack lineStippleState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE, false, true));
    public final BooleanStateStack pointSmoothState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POINT_SMOOTH, false, true));
+    public final BooleanStateStack pointSpriteState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL20.GL_POINT_SPRITE, false, true));
+    public final BooleanStateStack vertexProgramTwoSideState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL20.GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_TWO_SIDE, false, true));
+    public final BooleanStateStack edgeFlagState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG, true, true));
    public final BooleanStateStack polygonSmoothState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH));
    public final BooleanStateStack polygonStippleState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POLYGON_STIPPLE, false, true));
    public final BooleanStateStack multisampleState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL13.GL_MULTISAMPLE, true));
@@ -180,6 +186,7 @@ public class GLContextState {
    public final BooleanStateStack polygonOffsetFillState = track(new BooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL));
    public final LineStateStack lineState = member(new LineStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
    public final PointStateStack pointState = member(new PointStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
+    public final IntegerStateStack hintState = member(new IntegerStateStack(0, StackIdAllocator.nextId()).restoreBit(StateSet.R_HINT));
    public final PolygonStateStack polygonState = member(new PolygonStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
    public final StencilStateStack stencilState = member(new StencilStateStack(StackIdAllocator.nextId()));
    public int stencilBitMask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
@@ -229,10 +236,16 @@ public class GLContextState {
    public int boundCopyReadBuffer;
    public int boundCopyWriteBuffer;
    public final Int2IntMap boundOtherBuffers = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();
-    public PixelUnpackState pixelUnpackState = PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT;
-    public final int[] clientAttribSavedTextureUnit = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-    public final int[] clientAttribSavedVertexFlags = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public PixelStoreState pixelUnpackState = PixelStoreState.DEFAULT;
+    public PixelStoreState pixelPackState = PixelStoreState.DEFAULT;
+    public final int[] clientAttribSavedMask = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final PixelStoreState[] clientAttribSavedPixelUnpack = new PixelStoreState[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final PixelStoreState[] clientAttribSavedPixelPack = new PixelStoreState[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final int[] clientAttribSavedUnpackBuffer = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final int[] clientAttribSavedPackBuffer = new int[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+    public final VAOManager.ClientArrays[] clientAttribSavedArrays = new VAOManager.ClientArrays[GLStateManager.CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
    public int clientAttribStackPointer = 0;
+    public float maxPointSize = Float.NaN;
    public int restoreChangedMask;
    public long restoreUnitChangedMask;
    public final BlendState vanillaBlendBefore = new BlendState();
@@ -253,7 +266,7 @@ public class GLContextState {
    public int savedFilterMin = -1;
    public int savedFilterMag = -1;
    public float savedFilterAniso = -1.0f;
-    public boolean wideLineEmulationActive = false;
+    public boolean lineQuadsActive = false;
    public boolean lineStippleActive = false;
    public Instancing ffpInstancing = Instancing.NONE;
    public float lastBrightnessX;
@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.BailErrorStrategy;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.BufferedTokenStream;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CharStreams;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CommonToken;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.CommonTokenStream;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.DefaultErrorStrategy;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Parser;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.WritableToken;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.atn.PredictionMode;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.misc.ParseCancellationException;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLLexer;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLPreParser;

-import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;

@@ -72,6 +76,10 @@ public class GlslTransformUtils {
    }

    public static String renameReservedWords(String source, int targetVersion) {
+        if (!containsWholeWord(source, "sample") && !containsWholeWord(source, "new")
+            && (targetVersion < 400 || !containsWholeWord(source, "sampler"))) {
+            return source;
+        }
        for (var entry : VERSIONED_RESERVED_WORDS.entrySet()) {
            // Rename identifiers that become reserved words at or above this GLSL version
            if (targetVersion >= entry.getKey()) {
@@ -83,6 +91,23 @@ public class GlslTransformUtils {
        return source;
    }

+    static boolean containsWholeWord(String source, String word) {
+        int from = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            final int match = source.indexOf(word, from);
+            if (match < 0) return false;
+            final int end = match + word.length();
+            if ((match == 0 || !isAsciiWordChar(source.charAt(match - 1))) && (end == source.length() || !isAsciiWordChar(source.charAt(end)))) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            from = match + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAsciiWordChar(char c) {
+        return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '_';
+    }
+
    public static String restoreReservedWords(String source) {
        source = source.replace(RENAMED_PREFIX + "texture", "texture");
        source = source.replace(RENAMED_PREFIX + "sampler", "sampler");
@@ -110,72 +135,35 @@ public class GlslTransformUtils {
    public record QuietParse(GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext full, GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre) {}

    public static GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext parseFullQuiet(String source) {
-        final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
-        lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final GLSLParser parser = new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
-        parser.removeErrorListeners();
-        parser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        return parser.translation_unit();
-    }
-
-    public static GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext parsePreQuiet(String source) {
-        final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
-        lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final GLSLPreParser preParser = new GLSLPreParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer, GLSLLexer.DIRECTIVES));
-        preParser.removeErrorListeners();
-        preParser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        return preParser.translation_unit();
+        return parseQuiet(new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(quietLexer(source))), GLSLParser::translation_unit);
    }

    public static QuietParse parseBothQuiet(String source) {
-        final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
-        lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final GLSLPreParser preParser = new GLSLPreParser(new BufferedTokenStream(lexer));
-        preParser.removeErrorListeners();
-        preParser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        final GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre = preParser.translation_unit();
+        final GLSLLexer lexer = quietLexer(source);
+        final GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre = parseQuiet(new GLSLPreParser(new BufferedTokenStream(lexer)), GLSLPreParser::translation_unit);
        lexer.reset();
-        final GLSLParser parser = new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
-        parser.removeErrorListeners();
-        parser.setBuildParseTree(true);
-        return new QuietParse(parser.translation_unit(), pre);
+        return new QuietParse(parseQuiet(new GLSLParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer)), GLSLParser::translation_unit), pre);
    }

-    public static Set<String> identifiersInDirectiveText(String source) {
+    private static <P extends Parser, T> T parseQuiet(P parser, Function<P, T> rule) {
+        parser.removeErrorListeners();
+        parser.setErrorHandler(new BailErrorStrategy());
+        parser.getInterpreter().setPredictionMode(PredictionMode.SLL);
+        try {
+            return rule.apply(parser);
+        } catch (ParseCancellationException e) {
+            // Rewinds the token stream, which keeps every token SLL already pulled from the lexer.
+            parser.reset();
+            parser.setErrorHandler(new DefaultErrorStrategy());
+            parser.getInterpreter().setPredictionMode(PredictionMode.LL);
+            return rule.apply(parser);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static GLSLLexer quietLexer(String source) {
        final GLSLLexer lexer = new GLSLLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
        lexer.removeErrorListeners();
-        final BufferedTokenStream tokens = new BufferedTokenStream(lexer);
-        tokens.fill();
-
-        final Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
-        for (Token token : tokens.getTokens()) {
-            switch (token.getType()) {
-                case GLSLLexer.PROGRAM_TEXT, GLSLLexer.MACRO_TEXT, GLSLLexer.CONSTANT_EXPRESSION -> collectIdentifiers(token.getText(), names);
-                default -> { }
-            }
-        }
-        return names;
-    }
-
-    private static void collectIdentifiers(String text, Set<String> out) {
-        if (text == null) return;
-        final int len = text.length();
-        int i = 0;
-        while (i < len) {
-            final char c = text.charAt(i);
-            if (c != '_' && !Character.isLetter(c)) {
-                i++;
-                continue;
-            }
-            int end = i + 1;
-            while (end < len) {
-                final char n = text.charAt(end);
-                if (n != '_' && !Character.isLetterOrDigit(n)) break;
-                end++;
-            }
-            out.add(text.substring(i, end));
-            i = end;
-        }
+        return lexer;
    }

    public static String getFormattedShader(ParseTree tree, String header) {
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ public final class LTWWorkaround {
            oneTexel = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4);
        }
        oneTexel.clear();
-        GLStateManager.forcePixelUnpackState(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT);
+        GLStateManager.forcePixelUnpackState(PixelStoreState.DEFAULT);
        GLStateManager.suspendPixelUnpackBuffer();
        RENDER_BACKEND.texSubImage2D(target, level, 0, 0, 1, 1, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, oneTexel);
        GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackBuffer();
-        GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackState(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT);
+        GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackState(PixelStoreState.DEFAULT);
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL14;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+
+final class LegacyQueries {
+
+    static final int BOOL = 1;
+    static final int INT = 2;
+    static final int FLOAT = 3;
+    static final int FLOATN = 4;
+
+    private static final int COUNT_SHIFT = 3;
+
+    private LegacyQueries() {}
+
+    static int desc(int pname) {
+        return switch (pname) {
+            case GL11.GL_ALPHA_TEST, GL11.GL_AUTO_NORMAL, GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL, GL14.GL_COLOR_SUM, GL11.GL_FOG,
+                 GL11.GL_INDEX_LOGIC_OP, GL11.GL_LIGHTING, GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_LIGHT1, GL11.GL_LIGHT2, GL11.GL_LIGHT3,
+                 GL11.GL_LIGHT4, GL11.GL_LIGHT5, GL11.GL_LIGHT6, GL11.GL_LIGHT7, GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE, GL11.GL_MAP1_COLOR_4,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP1_INDEX, GL11.GL_MAP1_NORMAL, GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_1, GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_2,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_3, GL11.GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_4, GL11.GL_MAP1_VERTEX_3, GL11.GL_MAP1_VERTEX_4,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP2_COLOR_4, GL11.GL_MAP2_INDEX, GL11.GL_MAP2_NORMAL, GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_1,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2, GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_3, GL11.GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_4,
+                 GL11.GL_MAP2_VERTEX_3, GL11.GL_MAP2_VERTEX_4, GL11.GL_NORMALIZE, GL11.GL_POINT_SMOOTH,
+                 GL11.GL_POLYGON_STIPPLE, GL12.GL_RESCALE_NORMAL, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D,
+                 GL13.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R,
+                 GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_Q, GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_LOCAL_VIEWER, GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE,
+                 GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY,
+                 GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY, GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY,
+                 GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG, GL20.GL_POINT_SPRITE, GL20.GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_TWO_SIDE -> BOOL;
+            case GL11.GL_ALPHA_TEST_FUNC, GL11.GL_LIST_BASE, GL11.GL_MATRIX_MODE, GL11.GL_SHADE_MODEL,
+                 GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_FACE, GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_PARAMETER, GL12.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_COLOR_CONTROL,
+                 GL11.GL_FOG_MODE, GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE_PATTERN, GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE_REPEAT, GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE,
+                 GL20.GL_MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS, GL11.GL_RENDER_MODE, GL11.GL_FOG_HINT, GL11.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,
+                 GL11.GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL14.GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP_HINT, GL11.GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL11.GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT,
+                 GL13.GL_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_HINT, GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER_DERIVATIVE_HINT, GL20.GL_POINT_SPRITE_COORD_ORIGIN,
+                 GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_SIZE, GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_SIZE, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_STRIDE,
+                 GL15.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_STRIDE, GL15.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING,
+                 GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE,
+                 GL15.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_STRIDE,
+                 GL15.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING -> INT;
+            case GL11.GL_FOG_DENSITY, GL11.GL_FOG_START, GL11.GL_FOG_END, GL14.GL_POINT_SIZE_MIN, GL14.GL_POINT_SIZE_MAX,
+                 GL14.GL_POINT_FADE_THRESHOLD_SIZE -> FLOAT;
+            case GL11.GL_ALPHA_TEST_REF -> FLOATN;
+            case GL14.GL_POINT_DISTANCE_ATTENUATION -> FLOAT | 2 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_CURRENT_TEXTURE_COORDS -> FLOAT | 3 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, GL11.GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MATRIX -> FLOATN | 15 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_CURRENT_NORMAL -> FLOATN | 2 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            case GL11.GL_CURRENT_COLOR, GL14.GL_CURRENT_SECONDARY_COLOR, GL11.GL_FOG_COLOR, GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT -> FLOATN | 3 << COUNT_SHIFT;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    static int type(int desc) {
+        return desc & 7;
+    }
+
+    static int count(int desc) {
+        return (desc >> COUNT_SHIFT) + 1;
+    }
+
+    static int floatToInt(float value) {
+        return (int) (2147483647.0 * value);
+    }
+
+    static int lround(float value) {
+        return value < 0 ? -Math.round(-value) : Math.round(value);
+    }
+
+    static int toInt(int type, float value) {
+        return type == FLOATN ? floatToInt(value) : lround(value);
+    }
+
+    private static FloatBuffer fillScratch(GLContextState glCtx, int pname) {
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = glCtx.queryScratch;
+        scratch.clear();
+        GLStateManager.glGetFloat(pname, scratch);
+        return scratch;
+    }
+
+    private static IllegalStateException uncached(int pname) {
+        return new IllegalStateException("Legacy pname 0x" + Integer.toHexString(pname) + " has no cached answer for its declared type");
+    }
+
+    static int getInteger(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int desc) {
+        final int type = type(desc);
+        if (count(desc) > 1) {
+            return toInt(type, fillScratch(glCtx, pname).get(0));
+        }
+        return switch (type) {
+            case BOOL -> GLStateManager.glGetBoolean(glCtx, pname) ? GL11.GL_TRUE : GL11.GL_FALSE;
+            case FLOAT -> lround(GLStateManager.glGetFloat(glCtx, pname));
+            case FLOATN -> floatToInt(GLStateManager.glGetFloat(glCtx, pname));
+            default -> throw uncached(pname);
+        };
+    }
+
+    static float getFloat(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int desc) {
+        if (count(desc) > 1) {
+            return fillScratch(glCtx, pname).get(0);
+        }
+        return switch (type(desc)) {
+            case BOOL -> GLStateManager.glGetBoolean(glCtx, pname) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            case INT -> (float) GLStateManager.glGetInteger(glCtx, pname);
+            default -> throw uncached(pname);
+        };
+    }
+
+    static boolean getBoolean(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int desc) {
+        if (count(desc) > 1) {
+            return fillScratch(glCtx, pname).get(0) != 0.0f;
+        }
+        return switch (type(desc)) {
+            case INT -> GLStateManager.glGetInteger(glCtx, pname) != 0;
+            case FLOAT, FLOATN -> GLStateManager.glGetFloat(glCtx, pname) != 0.0f;
+            default -> throw uncached(pname);
+        };
+    }
+
+    static boolean getIntegerv(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, IntBuffer params) {
+        final int desc = desc(pname);
+        if (desc == 0) return false;
+        final int pos = params.position();
+        final int type = type(desc);
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = fillScratch(glCtx, pname);
+        for (int i = 0, count = count(desc); i < count; i++) {
+            params.put(pos + i, toInt(type, scratch.get(i)));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static boolean getIntegerv(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, int[] params) {
+        final int desc = desc(pname);
+        if (desc == 0) return false;
+        final int type = type(desc);
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = fillScratch(glCtx, pname);
+        for (int i = 0, count = Math.min(count(desc), params.length); i < count; i++) {
+            params[i] = toInt(type, scratch.get(i));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static boolean getBooleanv(GLContextState glCtx, int pname, ByteBuffer params) {
+        final int desc = desc(pname);
+        if (desc == 0) return false;
+        final int pos = params.position();
+        final FloatBuffer scratch = fillScratch(glCtx, pname);
+        for (int i = 0, count = count(desc); i < count; i++) {
+            params.put(pos + i, (byte) (scratch.get(i) != 0.0f ? GL11.GL_TRUE : GL11.GL_FALSE));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public class RenderSystem {
    private static boolean supportsClearTexture;
    private static boolean supportsTesselation;
    private static boolean supportsSamplerObjects;
+    private static boolean supportsProgramBinary;
    private static int maxImageUnits;
    @Getter private static int maxCombinedTextureImageUnits;
    private static int maxSSBOBindings;
@@ -159,6 +160,9 @@ public class RenderSystem {
            maxCombinedTextureImageUnits = RENDER_BACKEND.getInteger(GL20.GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS);
        }

+        supportsProgramBinary = RENDER_BACKEND.supportsProgramBinary();
+        GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("Program Binary: {}", supportsProgramBinary);
+
        maxGlslVersion = Integer.parseInt(parseGlVersionString(RENDER_BACKEND.getString(GL20.GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION)));
        supportsGpuShader4 = GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_EXT_gpu_shader4;

@@ -611,6 +615,10 @@ public class RenderSystem {
        return supportsSamplerObjects;
    }

+    public static boolean supportsProgramBinary() {
+        return supportsProgramBinary;
+    }
+
    public static int genSampler() {
        if (!supportsSamplerObjects) return 0;
        return GLStateManager.glGenSamplers();
@@ -680,4 +688,12 @@ public class RenderSystem {
        if (actualVersion < 0) return true;
        return actualVersion >= requestedMajor * 10 + requestedMinor;
    }
+
+    public static final int MIN_CORE_VERSION = 33;
+
+    public static int probeCapAfterRejection(int requested, int actual) {
+        if (actual >= MIN_CORE_VERSION && actual < requested) return actual;
+        if (actual >= 0 && actual < MIN_CORE_VERSION && requested > MIN_CORE_VERSION) return MIN_CORE_VERSION;
+        return requested - 1;
+    }
 }
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public final class StateSet {
    public static final int R_ACTIVE_UNIT = 1 << 13;
    public static final int R_PROGRAM = 1 << 14;
    public static final int R_SCISSOR = 1 << 15;
+    public static final int R_HINT = 1 << 16;

    public static final int B_FRAG_COLORBUF = 1;
    public static final int B_FRAG_TEXTURE = 1 << 1;
@@ -107,9 +108,11 @@ public final class StateSet {
                GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(0), GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(1),
                GLStateManager.getActiveTextureUnitStack(), GLStateManager.getProgramStack(),
                GLStateManager.getBlendMode(), GLStateManager.getAlphaTest(), GLStateManager.getDepthTest(),
-                GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(0)
+                GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(0),
+                GLStateManager.getColorMask(), GLStateManager.getCullState(),
+                GLStateManager.getPolygonState(), GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetFillState()
            ),
-            R_BLEND | R_DEPTH | R_TEXTURE | R_ACTIVE_UNIT | R_PROGRAM,
+            R_BLEND | R_DEPTH | R_COLOR_MASK | R_TEXTURE | R_ACTIVE_UNIT | R_PROGRAM | R_POLYGON,
            0,
            true);
    }
@@ -121,9 +124,11 @@ public final class StateSet {
                GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(0), GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(1),
                GLStateManager.getActiveTextureUnitStack(),
                GLStateManager.getBlendMode(), GLStateManager.getAlphaTest(), GLStateManager.getDepthTest(),
-                GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(0)
+                GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(0),
+                GLStateManager.getColorMask(), GLStateManager.getCullState(),
+                GLStateManager.getPolygonState(), GLStateManager.getPolygonOffsetFillState()
            ),
-            R_BLEND | R_DEPTH | R_TEXTURE | R_ACTIVE_UNIT,
+            R_BLEND | R_DEPTH | R_COLOR_MASK | R_TEXTURE | R_ACTIVE_UNIT | R_POLYGON,
            0,
            true);
    }
@@ -220,6 +225,9 @@ public final class StateSet {
        if ((mask & GL11.GL_POINT_BIT) != 0) {
            restore |= R_POINT;
        }
+        if ((mask & GL11.GL_HINT_BIT) != 0) {
+            restore |= R_HINT;
+        }
        if ((mask & GL11.GL_POLYGON_BIT) != 0) {
            restore |= R_POLYGON;
        }
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.SystemProperties;
+
+public final class BackendOptions {
+
+    private static boolean configSdlGpu;
+    private static String configDriver = "";
+    private static int configGlVersion;
+
+    private BackendOptions() {}
+
+    public static void latch(boolean sdlGpu, String driver, int glVersion) {
+        configSdlGpu = sdlGpu;
+        configDriver = driver;
+        configGlVersion = glVersion;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean sdlGpuRequested() {
+        return SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_OVERRIDE != null ? SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_OVERRIDE : configSdlGpu;
+    }
+
+    public static String sdlGpuDriver() {
+        return SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_DRIVER_OVERRIDE != null ? SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_DRIVER_OVERRIDE : configDriver;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean configSdlGpu() {
+        return configSdlGpu;
+    }
+
+    public static String configDriver() {
+        return configDriver;
+    }
+
+    public static int configGlVersion() {
+        return configGlVersion;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public final class BackendStartGuard {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("Angelica/BackendStartGuard");
+
+    private static File pending;
+    private static boolean tripped;
+
+    private BackendStartGuard() {}
+
+    public static boolean begin(File marker, boolean sdlGpuConfigured, boolean flagForced) {
+        pending = null;
+        tripped = false;
+        if (!sdlGpuConfigured || flagForced) {
+            delete(marker);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (marker.isFile()) {
+            delete(marker);
+            tripped = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+        try {
+            final File dir = marker.getParentFile();
+            if (dir != null && !dir.isDirectory() && !dir.mkdirs()) throw new IOException("cannot create " + dir);
+            if (marker.createNewFile()) pending = marker;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Could not write {}: {}", marker, e.toString());
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static void finish() {
+        if (pending == null) return;
+        delete(pending);
+        pending = null;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean tripped() {
+        return tripped;
+    }
+
+    private static void delete(File marker) {
+        if (marker.isFile() && !marker.delete()) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Could not delete {}", marker);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;

 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.AMDDebugOutput;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.AMDDebugOutputCallback;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL31;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL40;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL41;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL33;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL42;
@@ -807,6 +809,28 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
        return GL20.glIsProgram(obj);
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean supportsProgramBinary() {
+        final ContextCapabilities caps = GLStateManager.capabilities;
+        return !RenderSystem.isGLES() && (caps.OpenGL41 || caps.GL_ARB_get_program_binary)
+            && GL11.glGetInteger(GL41.GL_NUM_PROGRAM_BINARY_FORMATS) > 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void programParameteri(int program, int pname, int value) {
+        GL41.glProgramParameteri(program, pname, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void getProgramBinary(int program, IntBuffer length, IntBuffer binaryFormat, ByteBuffer binary) {
+        GL41.glGetProgramBinary(program, length, binaryFormat, binary);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void programBinary(int program, int binaryFormat, ByteBuffer binary) {
+        GL41.glProgramBinary(program, binaryFormat, binary);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void validateProgram(int program) {
        GL20.glValidateProgram(program);
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.SystemProperties;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public final class MoltenVK {
+
+    public enum Source {
+        ENV,
+        JAR,
+        SYSTEM,
+        NONE
+    }
+
+    public static final String ENV_VULKAN_LIBRARY = "SDL_VULKAN_LIBRARY";
+    public static final String JAR_NAME = "angelica-moltenvk";
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("Angelica/MoltenVK");
+    private static final String LIB_NAME = "libMoltenVK.dylib";
+    private static final String[] SYSTEM_PATHS = { "/opt/homebrew/lib/" + LIB_NAME, "/usr/local/lib/" + LIB_NAME };
+    private static final String ARCH = archName(System.getProperty("os.arch", ""));
+
+    private static Source source;
+    private static String path;
+    private static boolean located;
+
+    private MoltenVK() {}
+
+    public static synchronized Source source() {
+        if (source == null) {
+            final boolean macos = System.getProperty("os.name", "").toLowerCase().contains("mac");
+            source = detect(macos, System.getenv(ENV_VULKAN_LIBRARY), MoltenVK.class.getResource(bundledResource(ARCH)) != null, SYSTEM_PATHS);
+        }
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized String locate() {
+        if (!located) {
+            path = resolve(source(), System.getenv(ENV_VULKAN_LIBRARY), bundledResource(ARCH), new File(SystemProperties.MOLTENVK_DIR), ARCH, SYSTEM_PATHS);
+            located = true;
+        }
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    static String archName(String osArch) {
+        final String arch = osArch.toLowerCase();
+        return arch.contains("aarch64") || arch.contains("arm64") ? "arm64" : "x64";
+    }
+
+    static String bundledResource(String arch) {
+        return "/macos/" + arch + "/org/lwjgl/vulkan/" + LIB_NAME;
+    }
+
+    static Source detect(boolean macos, String env, boolean bundled, String[] systemPaths) {
+        if (!macos) return Source.NONE;
+        if (env != null && !env.isEmpty()) return Source.ENV;
+        if (bundled) return Source.JAR;
+        return systemPath(systemPaths) != null ? Source.SYSTEM : Source.NONE;
+    }
+
+    static String resolve(Source source, String env, String resource, File dir, String arch, String[] systemPaths) {
+        return switch (source) {
+            case ENV -> env;
+            case JAR -> {
+                final String extracted = extract(resource, dir, arch);
+                yield extracted != null ? extracted : systemPath(systemPaths);
+            }
+            case SYSTEM -> systemPath(systemPaths);
+            case NONE -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static String systemPath(String[] systemPaths) {
+        for (final String candidate : systemPaths) {
+            if (new File(candidate).isFile()) return candidate;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static String extract(String resource, File dir, String arch) {
+        final byte[] lib;
+        try (InputStream in = MoltenVK.class.getResourceAsStream(resource)) {
+            if (in == null) return null;
+            lib = readAll(in);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("MoltenVK: failed reading {}: {}", resource, e.toString());
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final File target = new File(dir, "libMoltenVK-" + arch + ".dylib");
+        File tmp = null;
+        try {
+            if (!target.isFile() || target.length() != lib.length || !Arrays.equals(Files.readAllBytes(target.toPath()), lib)) {
+                if (!dir.isDirectory() && !dir.mkdirs()) throw new IOException("cannot create " + dir);
+                tmp = File.createTempFile("libMoltenVK", ".dylib", dir);
+                Files.write(tmp.toPath(), lib);
+                Files.move(tmp.toPath(), target.toPath(), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("MoltenVK: failed extracting to {}: {}", target, e.toString());
+            if (tmp != null) tmp.delete();
+            return null;
+        }
+        return target.getAbsolutePath();
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] readAll(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1 << 20);
+        final byte[] buf = new byte[16384];
+        int n;
+        while ((n = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
+            out.write(buf, 0, n);
+        }
+        return out.toByteArray();
+    }
+}
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
    /** Returns true if the current thread has a valid render context. */
    public abstract boolean hasContext();

+    /** Returns true if the calling thread may issue render commands. */
+    public boolean hasContextOnThread() { return hasContext(); }
+
    /** Returns true if the calling thread owns the "GL Context" */
    public abstract boolean isCurrent();

@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {

    public boolean framebufferCompletenessIsMeaningful() { return true; }
    public void onPersistentBufferWrite(int glId, long offset, long size) {}
+    public boolean isBufferImmutable(int glId) { return false; }

    public boolean isAnisotropicSupported() { return true; }

@@ -272,6 +276,12 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
    public void voxelizeRegion(long pass, boolean rebindVertexBuffer, float x, float y, float z, int rangeBase, int rangeCount, int vertexTotal) {}
    public void endVoxelizationBatch(long pass) {}

+    public void setVertexWriteReplay(int graphicsProgram, VertexWriteReplaySetup setup) {}
+
+    public boolean supportsComputeImageAtomics() { return true; }
+
+    public boolean supportsComputeImageAtomics(int width, int height, int depth) { return supportsComputeImageAtomics(); }
+
    public abstract void enable(int cap);
    public abstract void enablei(int cap, int index);
    public abstract void disable(int cap);
@@ -504,6 +514,10 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
    public abstract int getUniformLocation(int program, ByteBuffer name);
    public boolean isShader(int obj) { return false; }
    public boolean isProgram(int obj) { return false; }
+    public boolean supportsProgramBinary() { return false; }
+    public void programParameteri(int program, int pname, int value) {}
+    public void getProgramBinary(int program, IntBuffer length, IntBuffer binaryFormat, ByteBuffer binary) {}
+    public void programBinary(int program, int binaryFormat, ByteBuffer binary) {}
    public void validateProgram(int program) {}
    public void getAttachedShaders(int program, IntBuffer count, IntBuffer shaders) {
        if (count != null) count.put(0, 0);
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend;
+
+import java.util.function.IntSupplier;
+
+/**
+ * How to replay a graphics program's vertex-stage image writes.
+ *
+ * @param inputLocations    per input, the declared location or -1 for whatever the graphics program linked
+ * @param images            per image the replay uses, in binding order: the written ones, then the read-only ones
+ * @param writtenImageCount how many of {@code images} the replay writes
+ * @param samplerNames      samplers the graphics program may not have, because only the stripped writes read them
+ * @param samplerUnits      per sampler name, the texture unit it reads at each draw, or -1 to use samplerTextures
+ * @param samplerTextures   per sampler name, its texture when samplerUnits is -1
+ * @param samplerObjects    per sampler name, the GL sampler object to sample it with when samplerUnits is -1, or 0
+ * @param vertexBufferBinding storage buffer binding of the first vertex buffer the replay program declares
+ * @param vertexBufferCount   how many vertex buffers it declares, at consecutive bindings
+ * @param indexBufferBinding  storage buffer binding of its index buffer
+ */
+public record VertexWriteReplaySetup(int replayProgram, String[] inputNames, int[] inputLocations,
+                                     IntSupplier[] images, int writtenImageCount,
+                                     String[] samplerNames, int[] samplerUnits, IntSupplier[] samplerTextures, int[] samplerObjects,
+                                     int vertexBufferBinding, int vertexBufferCount, int indexBufferBinding) {
+}
@@ -133,11 +133,13 @@ public class DSAARB extends DSAUnsupported {

    @Override
    public int createFramebuffer() {
+        GLStateManager.requireContext("glCreateFramebuffers");
        return RENDER_BACKEND.createFramebuffers();
    }

    @Override
    public int createTexture(int target) {
+        GLStateManager.requireContext("glCreateTextures");
        return RENDER_BACKEND.createTextures(target);
    }
 }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public class DSAUnsupported implements DSAAccess {

    @Override
    public int createTexture(int target) {
-        final int texture = RENDER_BACKEND.genTextures();
+        final int texture = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
        return texture;
    }
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
-
-/**
- * Generates GLSL 330 core geometry shaders for wide line emulation.
- */
-public final class GeometryShaderGenerator {
-
-    private GeometryShaderGenerator() {}
-
-    public static String generate(VertexKey key) {
-        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(1024);
-        sb.append("#version 330 core\n\n");
-
-        sb.append("layout(lines) in;\n");
-        sb.append("layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices = 4) out;\n\n");
-
-        sb.append(FFPUniformBlock.GLSL_DECL);
-        sb.append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("// Pass-through varyings\n");
-        sb.append("in vec4 v_Color_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.separateSpecular()) {
-            sb.append("in vec3 v_SpecularColor_gs[];\n");
-        }
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(0) || key.texGenEnabled()) sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord0_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.lightmapEnabled())            sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord1_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2))       sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord2_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3))       sb.append("in vec4 v_TexCoord3_gs[];\n");
-        if (key.fogEnabled()) {
-            sb.append("in float v_FogCoord_gs[];\n");
-        }
-        if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            sb.append("flat in vec2 v_LineStart_gs[];\n");
-        }
-        sb.append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("out vec4 v_Color;\n");
-        if (key.separateSpecular()) {
-            sb.append("out vec3 v_SpecularColor;\n");
-        }
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(0) || key.texGenEnabled()) sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord0;\n");
-        if (key.lightmapEnabled())            sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord1;\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2))       sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord2;\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3))       sb.append("out vec4 v_TexCoord3;\n");
-        if (key.fogEnabled()) {
-            sb.append("out float v_FogCoord;\n");
-        }
-        if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            sb.append("flat out vec2 v_LineStart;\n");
-        }
-        sb.append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("void main() {\n");
-        sb.append("    vec4 c0 = gl_in[0].gl_Position;\n");
-        sb.append("    vec4 c1 = gl_in[1].gl_Position;\n\n");
-
-        sb.append("    // NDC positions\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 n0 = c0.xy / c0.w;\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 n1 = c1.xy / c1.w;\n\n");
-
-        sb.append("    // Screen-space direction and perpendicular\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 dir = normalize((n1 - n0) * u_ViewportSize);\n");
-        sb.append("    vec2 offset = vec2(-dir.y, dir.x) * u_LineWidth / u_ViewportSize;\n\n");
-
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 0, "+offset");
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 0, "-offset");
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 1, "+offset");
-        emitVertex(sb, key, 1, "-offset");
-
-        sb.append("    EndPrimitive();\n");
-        sb.append("}\n");
-
-        return sb.toString();
-    }
-
-    private static void emitVertex(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key, int endpointIdx, String offsetExpr) {
-        final String ci = "c" + endpointIdx;
-        final String ni = "n" + endpointIdx;
-        final String idx = "[" + endpointIdx + "]";
-
-        sb.append("    // Endpoint ").append(endpointIdx).append(' ').append(offsetExpr).append('\n');
-
-        sb.append("    v_Color = v_Color_gs").append(idx).append(";\n");
-        if (key.separateSpecular()) {
-            sb.append("    v_SpecularColor = v_SpecularColor_gs").append(idx).append(";\n");
-        }
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(0) || key.texGenEnabled()) sb.append("    v_TexCoord0 = v_TexCoord0_gs").append(idx).append(";\n");
-        if (key.lightmapEnabled())            sb.append("    v_TexCoord1 = v_TexCoord1_gs").append(idx).append(";\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2))       sb.append("    v_TexCoord2 = v_TexCoord2_gs").append(idx).append(";\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3))       sb.append("    v_TexCoord3 = v_TexCoord3_gs").append(idx).append(";\n");
-        if (key.fogEnabled()) {
-            sb.append("    v_FogCoord = v_FogCoord_gs").append(idx).append(";\n");
-        }
-        if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            sb.append("    v_LineStart = v_LineStart_gs[0];\n");
-        }
-
-        if (key.clipPlanesEnabled()) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-                sb.append("    gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = gl_in").append(idx).append(".gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("];\n");
-            }
-        }
-
-        sb.append("    gl_Position = vec4((").append(ni).append(' ').append(offsetExpr).append(") * ").append(ci).append(".w, ").append(ci).append(".z, ").append(ci).append(".w);\n");
-        sb.append("    EmitVertex();\n\n");
-    }
-}
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;

 /**
- * A compiled and linked FFP emulation program (vertex + fragment + optional geometry shaders). Owns the GL program handle and caches uniform locations.
+ * A compiled and linked FFP emulation program (vertex + fragment shaders). Owns the GL program handle and caches uniform locations.
 */
 public class Program {

@@ -49,23 +49,19 @@ public class Program {
    }

    /**
-     * Compile vertex + fragment + optional geometry shaders, link into a program, and return the FFPProgram.
+     * Compile vertex + fragment shaders, link into a program, and return the FFPProgram.
     */
-    static Program create(VertexKey vk, FragmentKey fk, String vertSrc, String fragSrc, String geomSrc) {
+    static Program create(VertexKey vk, FragmentKey fk, String vertSrc, String fragSrc) {
        final RenderBackend backend = RENDER_BACKEND;
        final int id = PROGRAM_COUNTER.getAndIncrement();
        final String vkHex = Long.toHexString(vk.pack());
-        final boolean hasGeom = geomSrc != null;

        int shaderCount = 0;
-        final int[] shaders = new int[5]; // vertex, fragment, geometry, tess control, tess evaluation
+        final int[] shaders = new int[2];
        int program = 0;
        try {
            shaders[shaderCount++] = compileShader(GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertSrc, "ffp_v_" + vkHex);
            shaders[shaderCount++] = compileShader(GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragSrc, "ffp_f_" + id);
-            if (geomSrc != null) {
-                shaders[shaderCount++] = compileShader(GL32.GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, geomSrc, "ffp_g_" + id);
-            }

            program = backend.createProgram();
            for (int i = 0; i < shaderCount; i++) backend.attachShader(program, shaders[i]);
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ public class Program {
                throw new RuntimeException("FFP shader link failed (vk=0x" + vkHex + ", fk=" + fk + "): " + log);
            }

-            final String debugName = "FFP(v=0x" + vkHex + ",f=" + id + (hasGeom ? ",g" : "") + ")";
+            final String debugName = "FFP(v=0x" + vkHex + ",f=" + id + ")";
            GLDebug.nameObject(KHRDebug.GL_PROGRAM, program, debugName);

            // Detach and delete individual shaders - they're linked into the program
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
    private static final long EMPTY_MARKER = 0L; // slot [1] == 0 means empty (fkLen >= 1 guarantees nonzero)

    private final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<String> vertexSourceCache = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
-    private final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<String> geometrySourceCache = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();

    // Open-addressed table — parallel arrays
    private long[] keys;
@@ -103,7 +102,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
        final FragmentKey fk = FragmentKey.fromPacked(fkPacked, fkLen);
        final String vertSrc;
        String fragSrc;
-        final String geomSrc;
        final Program program;
        if (Tracy.ENABLED) Tracy.beginZone(Z_FFP_SHADER_GEN);
        try {
@@ -113,8 +111,7 @@ public class ShaderCache {
                fragSrc = FragmentShaderGenerator.generate(fk);
                uniqueFragCount++;
            }
-            geomSrc = vk.wideLineEmulation() ? getOrGenerateGeometry(vk) : null;
-            program = Program.create(vk, fk, vertSrc, fragSrc, geomSrc);
+            program = Program.create(vk, fk, vertSrc, fragSrc);
        } finally {
            if (Tracy.ENABLED) Tracy.endZone();
        }
@@ -135,9 +132,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
        if (dumpDir != null) {
            dumpShader(Long.toHexString(vkPacked), ".vert.glsl", vertSrc);
            dumpShader("frag_" + fragmentDumpCounter++, ".frag.glsl", fragSrc);
-            if (geomSrc != null) {
-                dumpShader(Long.toHexString(vkPacked), ".geom.glsl", geomSrc);
-            }
        }

        return program;
@@ -228,10 +222,6 @@ public class ShaderCache {
        return vertexSourceCache.computeIfAbsent(vk.pack(), k -> VertexShaderGenerator.generate(vk));
    }

-    private String getOrGenerateGeometry(VertexKey vk) {
-        return geometrySourceCache.computeIfAbsent(vk.pack(), k -> GeometryShaderGenerator.generate(vk));
-    }
-
    private void dumpShader(String name, String suffix, String source) {
        if (dumpDir == null) return;
        try {
@@ -260,11 +250,8 @@ public class ShaderCache {
                    dumpShader("frag_" + idx, ".frag.glsl", fragSources[i]);
                }
            }
-            for (var entry : geometrySourceCache.entrySet()) {
-                dumpShader(Long.toHexString(entry.getKey()), ".geom.glsl", entry.getValue());
-            }
-            GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("Dumped {} vertex, {} geometry, and {} fragment FFP shader sources to {}",
-                vertexSourceCache.size(), geometrySourceCache.size(), seen.size(), outputDir);
+            GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("Dumped {} vertex and {} fragment FFP shader sources to {}",
+                vertexSourceCache.size(), seen.size(), outputDir);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            GLStateManager.LOGGER.warn("Failed to dump FFP shaders: {}", e.getMessage());
        }
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
            VertexShaderGenerator.generate(VertexKey.fromPacked(VertexKey.withInstancing(vkPacked, Instancing.CUBE)));
            VertexShaderGenerator.generate(VertexKey.fromPacked(VertexKey.withInstancing(vkPacked, Instancing.PARTICLE)));
            FragmentShaderGenerator.generate(FragmentKey.fromPacked(fkScratch, fkLen));
-            GeometryShaderGenerator.generate(vk);
            final Class<?>[] touched = { Program.class, ShaderCache.class, TessellatorStreamingDrawer.class, QuadConverter.class };
            for (Class<?> c : touched) {
                c.getName();
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;

+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL33;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL41;

 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;

 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;

@@ -19,12 +26,116 @@ public final class VAOManager {
    final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<VAOData> eboOwners = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();

    private VAOData current = null;
+    public static final int CONV_POSITION = 0;
+    public static final int CONV_NORMAL = 1;
+    public static final int CONV_COLOR = 2;
+    public static final int CONV_SECONDARY_COLOR = 3;
+    public static final int CONV_FOG_COORD = 4;
+    public static final int CONV_INDEX = 5;
+    public static final int CONV_EDGE_FLAG = 6;
+    public static final int CONV_TEX0 = 7;
+    public static final int TEX_COORD_UNITS = 8;
+    public static final int CONV_COUNT = CONV_TEX0 + TEX_COORD_UNITS;
+
+    private static final int[] CONV_LOCATION = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    private static final int[] LOCATION_CONV = new int[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+    static {
+        Arrays.fill(CONV_LOCATION, -1);
+        Arrays.fill(LOCATION_CONV, -1);
+        mapConventional(CONV_POSITION, Usage.POSITION);
+        mapConventional(CONV_NORMAL, Usage.NORMAL);
+        mapConventional(CONV_COLOR, Usage.COLOR);
+        mapConventional(CONV_TEX0, Usage.PRIMARY_UV);
+        mapConventional(CONV_TEX0 + 1, Usage.SECONDARY_UV);
+    }
+
+    private static void mapConventional(int conv, Usage usage) {
+        final int location = usage.getAttributeLocation();
+        CONV_LOCATION[conv] = location;
+        LOCATION_CONV[location] = conv;
+    }
+
+    public static int conventionalLocation(int conv) {
+        return CONV_LOCATION[conv];
+    }
+
+    private static final int T_BYTE = 1, T_UBYTE = 1 << 1, T_SHORT = 1 << 2, T_USHORT = 1 << 3, T_INT = 1 << 4, T_UINT = 1 << 5, T_FLOAT = 1 << 6;
+    private static final int T_DOUBLE = 1 << 10, T_HALF = 1 << 11, T_FIXED = 1 << 12, T_PACKED = 1 << 13, T_PACKED_FLOAT = 1 << 14;
+    private static final int T_INTEGER = T_BYTE | T_UBYTE | T_SHORT | T_USHORT | T_INT | T_UINT;
+    private static final int T_COLOR = T_INTEGER | T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_PACKED;
+    private static final int T_GENERIC = T_COLOR | T_FIXED | T_PACKED_FLOAT;
+    private static final int[] LEGAL_TYPES = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    private static final int[] MIN_SIZE = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    private static final int[] MAX_SIZE = new int[CONV_COUNT];
+    static {
+        legal(CONV_POSITION, T_SHORT | T_INT | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_HALF | T_PACKED, 2, 4);
+        legal(CONV_NORMAL, T_BYTE | T_SHORT | T_INT | T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_PACKED, 3, 3);
+        legal(CONV_COLOR, T_COLOR, 3, 4);
+        legal(CONV_SECONDARY_COLOR, T_COLOR, 3, 4);
+        legal(CONV_FOG_COORD, T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE, 1, 1);
+        legal(CONV_INDEX, T_UBYTE | T_SHORT | T_INT | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE, 1, 1);
+        legal(CONV_EDGE_FLAG, T_UBYTE, 1, 1);
+        for (int unit = 0; unit < TEX_COORD_UNITS; unit++) {
+            legal(CONV_TEX0 + unit, T_SHORT | T_INT | T_HALF | T_FLOAT | T_DOUBLE | T_PACKED, 1, 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void legal(int conv, int types, int minSize, int maxSize) {
+        LEGAL_TYPES[conv] = types;
+        MIN_SIZE[conv] = minSize;
+        MAX_SIZE[conv] = maxSize;
+    }
+
+    private static int typeBit(int type) {
+        if (type >= GL11.GL_BYTE && type <= GL30.GL_HALF_FLOAT) return 1 << type - GL11.GL_BYTE;
+        return switch (type) {
+            case GL41.GL_FIXED -> T_FIXED;
+            case GL12.GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, GL33.GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV -> T_PACKED;
+            case GL30.GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV -> T_PACKED_FLOAT;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isLegal(int types, int minSize, int maxSize, boolean bgra, int size, int type) {
+        final int bit = typeBit(type);
+        if ((types & bit) == 0) return false;
+        if (size == GL12.GL_BGRA) return bgra && (bit & (T_UBYTE | T_PACKED)) != 0;
+        return size >= minSize && size <= maxSize;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isLegalConventional(int conv, int size, int type) {
+        return isLegal(LEGAL_TYPES[conv], MIN_SIZE[conv], MAX_SIZE[conv], conv == CONV_COLOR || conv == CONV_SECONDARY_COLOR, size, type);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isLegalGeneric(int index, int size, int type, boolean integer) {
+        return index >= 0 && index < MAX_ATTRIBS && isLegal(integer ? T_INTEGER : T_GENERIC, 1, 4, !integer, size, type);
+    }
+
    private int currentVertexFlags = 0;
+    private int genericEnabled = 0;
+    private int conventionalEnabled = 0;
    private Attrib[] currentAttribs = null;
+    private Attrib[] currentGeneric = null;
+    private Attrib[] currentConventional = null;
    public int boundEBO = 0;

    private int clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
+    private int arrayVersion = 0;
+    private int versionClock = 0;
+    private int bufferEpoch = 0;
+    private final Int2IntOpenHashMap bufferDeletedAt = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();

+    private void touch() {
+        arrayVersion = ++versionClock;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isBufferLive(int buffer, int sinceEpoch) {
+        return bufferDeletedAt.get(buffer) <= sinceEpoch;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBufferLive(Attrib a) {
+        return isBufferLive(a.vboId, a.epoch);
+    }

    public void init(int defaultVAO) {
        final VAOData data = new VAOData();
@@ -45,6 +156,10 @@ public final class VAOManager {
        // Save old VAO data
        if (current != null) {
            current.vertexFlags = currentVertexFlags;
+            current.genericEnabled = genericEnabled;
+            current.conventionalEnabled = conventionalEnabled;
+            current.generic = currentGeneric;
+            current.conventional = currentConventional;
            if (current.ebo != boundEBO) {
                removeEboOwner(current.ebo, current);
                current.ebo = boundEBO;
@@ -52,6 +167,7 @@ public final class VAOManager {
            }
            current.attribs = currentAttribs;
            current.clientSideEnabledCount = clientSideEnabledCount;
+            current.arrayVersion = arrayVersion;
        }

        VAOData data = vaoMap.get(vaoId);
@@ -61,9 +177,14 @@ public final class VAOManager {
        }
        current = data;
        currentVertexFlags = data.vertexFlags;
+        genericEnabled = data.genericEnabled;
+        conventionalEnabled = data.conventionalEnabled;
        currentAttribs = data.attribs;
+        currentGeneric = data.generic;
+        currentConventional = data.conventional;
        boundEBO = data.ebo;
        clientSideEnabledCount = data.clientSideEnabledCount;
+        arrayVersion = data.arrayVersion;
    }

    public void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
@@ -73,8 +194,25 @@ public final class VAOManager {
        if (data == current) current = null;
    }

+    private static boolean detach(Attrib[] slots, int buffer) {
+        boolean detached = false;
+        for (final Attrib a : slots) {
+            if (a != null && a.vboId == buffer) {
+                a.vboId = 0;
+                detached = true;
+            }
+        }
+        return detached;
+    }
+
    public void onDeleteBuffer(int buffer) {
        if (buffer == 0) return;
+        bufferDeletedAt.put(buffer, ++bufferEpoch);
+        if (currentAttribs != null) {
+            boolean detached = detach(currentGeneric != null ? currentGeneric : currentAttribs, buffer);
+            if (currentConventional != null) detached |= detach(currentConventional, buffer);
+            if (detached) touch();
+        }
        VAOData owner = eboOwners.remove(buffer);
        while (owner != null) {
            final VAOData next = owner.nextEboOwner;
@@ -112,14 +250,19 @@ public final class VAOManager {
    public void enableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags |= flag; }
    public void disableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags &= ~flag; }
    public int getVertexFlags() { return currentVertexFlags; }
-    public void setVertexFlags(int flags) { currentVertexFlags = flags; }
+    public boolean isConventionalEnabled(int conv) { return (conventionalEnabled >> conv & 1) != 0; }
    public static void setCurrentVertexFlags(int flags) { GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.currentVertexFlags = flags; }

    public static final class VAOData {
        public Attrib[] attribs;
        public int vertexFlags;
+        public int genericEnabled;
+        public int conventionalEnabled;
+        public Attrib[] generic;
+        public Attrib[] conventional;
        public int ebo;
        public int clientSideEnabledCount;
+        int arrayVersion;
        private VAOData nextEboOwner;

        public VAOData() {
@@ -127,92 +270,307 @@ public final class VAOManager {
        }
    }

-    public void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
+    public boolean setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, normalized, false, stride, offset, vboId, null);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, normalized, false, stride, 0, 0, pointer);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setIntegerAttribute(int index, int size, int type, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, false, true, stride, offset, vboId, null);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setIntegerAttribute(int index, int size, int type, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        return setGeneric(index, size, type, false, true, stride, 0, 0, pointer);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setConventional(int conv, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        return setConventional(conv, size, type, normalized, stride, offset, vboId, null);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setConventional(int conv, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        return setConventional(conv, size, type, normalized, stride, 0, 0, pointer);
+    }
+
+    private boolean setGeneric(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, boolean integer, int stride, long offset, int vboId, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
+        final Attrib g = genericSlot(index);
+        store(g, size, type, normalized, integer, stride, offset, vboId, pointer);
+        if (currentAttribs[index] == g) return true;
+        if (!isGenericEnabled(index) && isLocationConventionalEnabled(index)) return false;
+        apply(index, g);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean setConventional(int conv, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        if (conv < 0 || conv >= CONV_COUNT) return false;
+        final Attrib c = conventionalSlot(conv);
+        store(c, size, type, normalized, false, stride, offset, vboId, pointer);
+        final int index = CONV_LOCATION[conv];
+        if (index < 0) return false;
+        if (currentAttribs[index] == c) return true;
+        if (isGenericEnabled(index)) return false;
+        apply(index, c);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void store(Attrib a, int size, int type, boolean normalized, boolean integer, int stride, long offset, int vboId, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        final boolean wasClient = a.isClientSide();
        a.size = size;
        a.type = type;
        a.normalized = normalized;
+        a.integer = integer;
        a.stride = stride;
        a.offset = offset;
        a.vboId = vboId;
-        a.clientPointer = null;
-        a.genericPointer = true;
-        if (wasClient && a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount--;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
-        a.size = size;
-        a.type = type;
-        a.normalized = normalized;
-        a.stride = stride;
-        a.offset = 0;
-        a.vboId = 0;
+        a.epoch = bufferEpoch;
        a.clientPointer = pointer;
-        a.genericPointer = true;
-        if (!wasClient && a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        if (wasClient != a.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount += wasClient ? -1 : 1;
+        touch();
+    }
+
+    private void apply(int index, Attrib source) {
+        final Attrib old = currentAttribs[index];
+        if (old != null) {
+            if (old.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount--;
+            source.enabled = old.enabled;
+            old.enabled = false;
+            if (source.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        }
+        currentAttribs[index] = source;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isGenericEnabled(int index) {
+        return (genericEnabled >> index & 1) != 0;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isLocationConventionalEnabled(int index) {
+        final int conv = LOCATION_CONV[index];
+        return conv >= 0 && isConventionalEnabled(conv);
+    }
+
+    private Attrib generic(int index) {
+        return (currentGeneric != null ? currentGeneric : currentAttribs)[index];
+    }
+
+    private Attrib genericSlot(int index) {
+        final Attrib[] slots = currentGeneric != null ? currentGeneric : currentAttribs;
+        Attrib g = slots[index];
+        if (g == null) {
+            g = new Attrib();
+            g.genericPointer = true;
+            slots[index] = g;
+            if (currentAttribs[index] == null) currentAttribs[index] = g;
+        }
+        return g;
+    }
+
+    private Attrib conventionalSlot(int conv) {
+        if (currentConventional == null) {
+            currentConventional = new Attrib[CONV_COUNT];
+            currentGeneric = currentAttribs.clone();
+        }
+        Attrib c = currentConventional[conv];
+        if (c == null) {
+            c = new Attrib();
+            currentConventional[conv] = c;
+        }
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    private boolean refresh(int index) {
+        touch();
+        boolean repoint = false;
+        final boolean conventional = isLocationConventionalEnabled(index);
+        final Attrib winner = isGenericEnabled(index) ? genericSlot(index) : conventional ? currentConventional[LOCATION_CONV[index]] : null;
+        if (winner != null && winner != currentAttribs[index]) {
+            apply(index, winner);
+            repoint = true;
+        }
+        final boolean enabled = winner != null;
+        Attrib e = currentAttribs[index];
+        if (e == null) {
+            if (!enabled) return repoint;
+            e = genericSlot(index);
+        }
+        if (e.enabled != enabled) {
+            if (e.clientPointer != null) clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
+            e.enabled = enabled;
+        }
+        return repoint;
+    }
+
+    public boolean enableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
+        genericEnabled |= 1 << index;
+        return refresh(index);
+    }
+
+    public boolean disableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
+        genericEnabled &= ~(1 << index);
+        return refresh(index);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setConventionalEnabled(int conv, boolean enabled) {
+        if (conv < 0 || conv >= CONV_COUNT) return false;
+        conventionalSlot(conv);
+        if (enabled) {
+            conventionalEnabled |= 1 << conv;
+        } else {
+            conventionalEnabled &= ~(1 << conv);
+        }
+        final int index = CONV_LOCATION[conv];
+        if (index >= 0) return refresh(index);
+        touch();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean setDivisor(int index, int divisor) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return true;
+        final Attrib g = genericSlot(index);
+        g.divisor = divisor;
+        touch();
+        return currentAttribs[index] == g;
+    }
+
+    public @Nullable Attrib conventional(int conv) {
+        return conv >= 0 && currentConventional != null ? currentConventional[conv] : null;
+    }
+
+    public static final class ClientArrays {
+        public int boundVAO;
+        public int boundVBO;
+        public int boundEBO;
+        public int clientActiveTextureUnit;
+        int arrayVersion;
+        int bufferEpoch;
+        int vertexFlags;
+        int genericEnabled;
+        int conventionalEnabled;
+        int genericPresent;
+        int conventionalPresent;
+        int effectiveGeneric;
+        final Attrib[] generic = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+        final Attrib[] conventional = new Attrib[CONV_COUNT];
+    }
+
+    private static void saveSlot(Attrib[] saved, int i, Attrib source) {
+        if (saved[i] == null) saved[i] = new Attrib();
+        saved[i].copyPointer(source);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBufferLive(int buffer, ClientArrays saved) {
+        return isBufferLive(buffer, saved.bufferEpoch);
+    }
+
+    public void saveClientArrays(ClientArrays out) {
+        out.arrayVersion = arrayVersion;
+        out.bufferEpoch = bufferEpoch;
+        out.vertexFlags = currentVertexFlags;
+        out.genericEnabled = genericEnabled;
+        out.conventionalEnabled = conventionalEnabled;
+        out.genericPresent = 0;
+        out.conventionalPresent = 0;
+        out.effectiveGeneric = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final Attrib g = generic(i);
+            if (g != null) {
+                out.genericPresent |= 1 << i;
+                saveSlot(out.generic, i, g);
+            }
+            final Attrib e = currentAttribs[i];
+            if (e != null && e.genericPointer) out.effectiveGeneric |= 1 << i;
+        }
+        if (currentConventional == null) return;
+        for (int i = 0; i < CONV_COUNT; i++) {
+            final Attrib c = currentConventional[i];
+            if (c != null) {
+                out.conventionalPresent |= 1 << i;
+                saveSlot(out.conventional, i, c);
+            }
        }
    }

-    public boolean isGenericPointerEnabled(int index) {
+    private final Attrib[] restoreBefore = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+
+    public int restoreClientArrays(ClientArrays in) {
+        currentVertexFlags = in.vertexFlags;
+        if (arrayVersion == in.arrayVersion) return 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            if (restoreBefore[i] == null) restoreBefore[i] = new Attrib();
+            final Attrib e = currentAttribs[i];
+            if (e == null) {
+                restoreBefore[i].clearPointer();
+                restoreBefore[i].enabled = false;
+            } else {
+                restoreBefore[i].copyPointer(e);
+                restoreBefore[i].enabled = e.enabled;
+            }
+        }
+        genericEnabled = in.genericEnabled;
+        conventionalEnabled = in.conventionalEnabled;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            if ((in.genericPresent >> i & 1) != 0) {
+                genericSlot(i).copyPointer(in.generic[i]);
+            } else {
+                final Attrib g = generic(i);
+                if (g != null) g.clearPointer();
+            }
+        }
+        if (currentConventional != null || in.conventionalPresent != 0) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < CONV_COUNT; i++) {
+                if ((in.conventionalPresent >> i & 1) != 0) {
+                    conventionalSlot(i).copyPointer(in.conventional[i]);
+                } else if (currentConventional != null && currentConventional[i] != null) {
+                    currentConventional[i].clearPointer();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final int conv = LOCATION_CONV[i];
+            final Attrib g = generic(i);
+            final Attrib c = conventional(conv);
+            final boolean conventional = isLocationConventionalEnabled(i);
+            Attrib e;
+            if (isGenericEnabled(i)) {
+                e = genericSlot(i);
+            } else if (conventional) {
+                e = conventionalSlot(conv);
+            } else {
+                e = c == null || (in.effectiveGeneric >> i & 1) != 0 ? g : c;
+            }
+            if (g != null) g.enabled = false;
+            if (c != null) c.enabled = false;
+            currentAttribs[i] = e;
+            if (e != null) {
+                e.enabled = isGenericEnabled(i) || conventional;
+                if (e.isClientSide()) clientSideEnabledCount++;
+            }
+        }
+        int changed = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final Attrib e = currentAttribs[i];
+            final Attrib before = restoreBefore[i];
+            if (e == null) {
+                if (before.enabled) changed |= 0x10000 << i;
+            } else {
+                if (e.enabled != before.enabled) changed |= 0x10000 << i;
+                if (!e.samePointer(before)) changed |= 1 << i;
+            }
+            before.clientPointer = null;
+        }
+        arrayVersion = in.arrayVersion;
+        return changed;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAttribEnabled(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
        final Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
-        return a != null && a.genericPointer && a.enabled;
-    }
-
-    public void markConventional(int index) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
-        if (a != null) a.genericPointer = false;
-    }
-
-    public void setEnabled(int index, boolean enabled) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled != enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        a.enabled = enabled;
-    }
-
-    public void enableAttribute(int index) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && !a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount++;
-        }
-        a.enabled = true;
-    }
-
-    public void disableAttribute(int index) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount--;
-        }
-        a.enabled = false;
-    }
-
-    // Lazily allocate each attrib. Most VAOs don't even have 4 attribs, let alone 16.
-    private Attrib getAttrib(int index) {
-        Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
-        if (a == null) {
-            a = new Attrib();
-            currentAttribs[index] = a;
-        }
-        return a;
-    }
-
-    public boolean isClientSideAttrib(int index) {
-        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
-        return attrib != null && attrib.isClientSide();
+        return a != null && a.enabled;
    }

    public Attrib attrib(int index) {
@@ -286,7 +644,11 @@ public final class VAOManager {
            if (clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] < 0) continue;
            final VAOManager.Attrib a = currentAttribs[i];
            RENDER_BACKEND.bufferSubData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOOffsets[i], a.clientPointer.duplicate());
-            RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.normalized, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+            if (a.integer) {
+                RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribIPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+            } else {
+                RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.normalized, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+            }
        }

        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, savedVBO);
@@ -298,9 +660,12 @@ public final class VAOManager {
        public int size;
        public int type;
        public boolean normalized;
+        public boolean integer;
        public int stride;
        public long offset;
        public int vboId;
+        public int divisor;
+        int epoch;
        public ByteBuffer clientPointer;
        public boolean genericPointer;

@@ -308,16 +673,35 @@ public final class VAOManager {
            return enabled && clientPointer != null;
        }

-        public void reset() {
-            enabled = false;
+        void copyPointer(Attrib source) {
+            size = source.size;
+            type = source.type;
+            normalized = source.normalized;
+            integer = source.integer;
+            stride = source.stride;
+            offset = source.offset;
+            vboId = source.vboId;
+            divisor = source.divisor;
+            epoch = source.epoch;
+            clientPointer = source.clientPointer;
+        }
+
+        boolean samePointer(Attrib other) {
+            return size == other.size && type == other.type && normalized == other.normalized && integer == other.integer
+                && stride == other.stride && offset == other.offset && vboId == other.vboId && divisor == other.divisor
+                && clientPointer == other.clientPointer;
+        }
+
+        void clearPointer() {
            size = 0;
            type = 0;
            normalized = false;
+            integer = false;
            stride = 0;
            offset = 0;
            vboId = 0;
+            divisor = 0;
            clientPointer = null;
-            genericPointer = false;
        }

        public int effectiveStride() {
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ public final class VertexKey {
    private static final int BIT_TEXGEN_R            = BIT_TEXGEN_T + 3;
    private static final int BIT_TEXGEN_Q            = BIT_TEXGEN_R + 3;
    private static final int BIT_CLIP_PLANES         = BIT_TEXGEN_Q + 3;
-    private static final int BIT_WIDE_LINE           = BIT_CLIP_PLANES + 1;
-    private static final int BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE    = BIT_WIDE_LINE + 1;
+    private static final int BIT_LINE_QUADS          = BIT_CLIP_PLANES + 1;
+    private static final int BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE    = BIT_LINE_QUADS + 1;
    private static final int BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0 = BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE + MAX_UNITS;
    private static final int BIT_LINE_STIPPLE        = BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0 + 1;
    private static final int BIT_INSTANCING          = BIT_LINE_STIPPLE + 1;
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ public final class VertexKey {
    public int texGenModeQ()              { return (int)((packed >> BIT_TEXGEN_Q) & 0x7); }
    public boolean texGenEnabled()        { return texGenModeS() != TG_NONE || texGenModeT() != TG_NONE || texGenModeR() != TG_NONE || texGenModeQ() != TG_NONE; }
    public boolean clipPlanesEnabled()    { return bit(BIT_CLIP_PLANES); }
-    public boolean wideLineEmulation()   { return bit(BIT_WIDE_LINE); }
    public boolean lineStipple()          { return bit(BIT_LINE_STIPPLE); }
+    public boolean lineQuads()            { return bit(BIT_LINE_QUADS); }
    public Instancing instancing()         { return Instancing.VALUES[(int) ((packed >> BIT_INSTANCING) & INSTANCING_MASK)]; }

    public boolean cmReplacesAmbient()    { final int m = colorMaterialMode(); return m == CM_AMBIENT || m == CM_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE; }
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ public final class VertexKey {

        // Vertex format flags
        if (hasColor) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_COLOR);
-        if (hasNormal) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_NORMAL);
+        if (hasNormal && !glCtx.lineQuadsActive) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_NORMAL);
        if (hasTexCoord) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_TEX);
        if (hasLightmap) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_LIGHTMAP);

@@ -238,14 +238,14 @@ public final class VertexKey {
            bits |= (1L << BIT_CLIP_PLANES);
        }

-        if (glCtx.wideLineEmulationActive) {
-            bits |= (1L << BIT_WIDE_LINE);
-        }
-
        if (glCtx.lineStippleActive) {
            bits |= (1L << BIT_LINE_STIPPLE);
        }

+        if (glCtx.lineQuadsActive) {
+            bits |= (1L << BIT_LINE_QUADS);
+        }
+
        bits |= (long) glCtx.ffpInstancing.ordinal() << BIT_INSTANCING;

        return bits;
@@ -277,6 +277,6 @@ public final class VertexKey {

    @Override
    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("FFPVertexKey[0x%011X: lit=%b l0=%b l1=%b cm=%b fog=%b tex=%d%d%d%d texmat=%d%d%d%d col=%b nrm=%b vtex=%b vlm=%b tg=%d/%d/%d/%d clip=%b wline=%b inst=%s]", packed,lightingEnabled(), lightEnabled(0), lightEnabled(1), colorMaterialEnabled(), fogEnabled(), unitTexCoordEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(3)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(3)?1:0, hasVertexColor(), hasVertexNormal(), hasVertexTexCoord(), hasVertexLightmap(), texGenModeS(), texGenModeT(), texGenModeR(), texGenModeQ(), clipPlanesEnabled(), wideLineEmulation(), instancing());
+        return String.format("FFPVertexKey[0x%012X: lit=%b l0=%b l1=%b cm=%b fog=%b tex=%d%d%d%d texmat=%d%d%d%d col=%b nrm=%b vtex=%b vlm=%b tg=%d/%d/%d/%d clip=%b lquads=%b inst=%s]", packed,lightingEnabled(), lightEnabled(0), lightEnabled(1), colorMaterialEnabled(), fogEnabled(), unitTexCoordEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(3)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(3)?1:0, hasVertexColor(), hasVertexNormal(), hasVertexTexCoord(), hasVertexLightmap(), texGenModeS(), texGenModeT(), texGenModeR(), texGenModeQ(), clipPlanesEnabled(), lineQuads(), instancing());
    }
 }
@@ -34,28 +34,16 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
        }
        emitTexCoordPassthrough(sb, key);
        if (key.lineStipple()) {
-            emitLineStart(sb);
+            emitLineStart(sb, key.lineQuads() ? "lineCenter" : "gl_Position");
        }
        if (key.fogEnabled()) {
            emitFogDistance(sb, key);
        }
        if (key.clipPlanesEnabled()) {
-            emitClipDistances(sb);
+            emitClipDistances(sb, key);
        }
        sb.append("}\n");
-
-        String source = sb.toString();
-        if (key.wideLineEmulation()) {
-            source = source.replace("v_SpecularColor", "v_SpecularColor_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord0", "v_TexCoord0_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord1", "v_TexCoord1_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord2", "v_TexCoord2_gs")
-                           .replace("v_TexCoord3", "v_TexCoord3_gs")
-                           .replace("v_FogCoord", "v_FogCoord_gs")
-                           .replace("v_LineStart", "v_LineStart_gs")
-                           .replace("v_Color", "v_Color_gs");
-        }
-        return source;
+        return sb.toString();
    }

    private static void emitAttributes(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
@@ -78,6 +66,8 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
            }
            if (key.hasVertexNormal() || kind == Instancing.CUBE) {
                sb.append("layout(location = ").append(VertexFormatElement.Usage.NORMAL.getAttributeLocation()).append(") in vec3 a_Normal;\n");
+            } else if (key.lineQuads()) {
+                sb.append("layout(location = ").append(VertexFormatElement.Usage.NORMAL.getAttributeLocation()).append(") in vec3 a_LineOtherEnd;\n");
            }
        }
        for (String d : InstancedGlslHelpers.attributeDecls("a_", kind)) {
@@ -97,8 +87,8 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
        };
    }

-    private static void emitLineStart(StringBuilder sb) {
-        sb.append("  vec2 ndc = gl_Position.xy / gl_Position.w;\n");
+    private static void emitLineStart(StringBuilder sb, String clipPosition) {
+        sb.append("  vec2 ndc = ").append(clipPosition).append(".xy / ").append(clipPosition).append(".w;\n");
        sb.append("  v_LineStart = u_Viewport.xy + (ndc * 0.5 + 0.5) * u_Viewport.zw;\n\n");
    }

@@ -151,15 +141,59 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
            sb.append("  v_Overlay = a_InstOverlay;\n");
        } else {
            sb.append("  gl_Position = u_MVPMatrix * pos4;\n");
+            if (key.lineQuads()) {
+                emitLineQuadWidening(sb);
+            }

            // Eye position needed for lighting, fog, EYE_LINEAR texgen, and clip planes
            if (key.lightingEnabled() || key.fogEnabled() || texGenNeedsEyePos(key) || key.clipPlanesEnabled()) {
                sb.append("  vec4 eyePos = u_ModelViewMatrix * pos4;\n");
            }
+            if (key.lineQuads() && (key.fogEnabled() || key.clipPlanesEnabled())) {
+                sb.append("  vec4 lineEyeOther = u_ModelViewMatrix * vec4(a_LineOtherEnd, 1.0);\n");
+            }
        }
        sb.append('\n');
    }

+    private static void emitLineQuadWidening(StringBuilder sb) {
+        sb.append("  int lineCorner = gl_VertexID % 6;\n");
+        sb.append("  bool lineStart = lineCorner == 0 || lineCorner == 1 || lineCorner == 3;\n");
+        sb.append("  vec4 lineOther = u_MVPMatrix * vec4(a_LineOtherEnd, 1.0);\n");
+        sb.append("  vec4 lineC0 = lineStart ? gl_Position : lineOther;\n");
+        sb.append("  vec4 lineC1 = lineStart ? lineOther : gl_Position;\n");
+        sb.append("  vec4 lineCenter = lineC0;\n");
+        sb.append("  float lineT = 0.0;\n");
+        sb.append("  float lineD0 = lineC0.z + lineC0.w;\n");
+        sb.append("  float lineD1 = lineC1.z + lineC1.w;\n");
+        sb.append("  if (lineD0 < 0.0 && lineD1 < 0.0) {\n");
+        sb.append("    gl_Position = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 1.0);\n");
+        sb.append("  } else {\n");
+        sb.append("    float lineT0 = lineD0 < 0.0 ? lineD0 / (lineD0 - lineD1) : 0.0;\n");
+        sb.append("    float lineT1 = lineD1 < 0.0 ? lineD0 / (lineD0 - lineD1) : 1.0;\n");
+        sb.append("    lineT = lineStart ? lineT0 : lineT1;\n");
+        sb.append("    vec4 lineP0 = mix(lineC0, lineC1, lineT0);\n");
+        sb.append("    vec4 lineP1 = mix(lineC0, lineC1, lineT1);\n");
+        sb.append("    vec2 lineN0 = lineP0.xy / lineP0.w;\n");
+        sb.append("    vec2 lineN1 = lineP1.xy / lineP1.w;\n");
+        sb.append("    vec2 linePixel = 2.0 / u_ViewportSize;\n");
+        sb.append("    float lineHalfWidth = 0.5 * u_LineWidth;\n");
+        sb.append("    vec2 lineOffset;\n");
+        sb.append("    vec2 lineShift;\n");
+        sb.append("    vec2 lineSpan = abs(lineN1 - lineN0) * u_ViewportSize;\n");
+        sb.append("    if (lineSpan.x > lineSpan.y) {\n");
+        sb.append("      lineOffset = vec2(0.0, lineHalfWidth * linePixel.y);\n");
+        sb.append("      lineShift = vec2(lineN0.x < lineN1.x ? -0.5 : 0.5, -0.125) * linePixel;\n");
+        sb.append("    } else {\n");
+        sb.append("      lineOffset = vec2(lineHalfWidth * linePixel.x, 0.0);\n");
+        sb.append("      lineShift = vec2(0.125, lineN0.y < lineN1.y ? -0.5 : 0.5) * linePixel;\n");
+        sb.append("    }\n");
+        sb.append("    vec4 lineP = lineStart ? lineP0 : lineP1;\n");
+        sb.append("    vec2 lineN = lineStart ? lineN0 : lineN1;\n");
+        sb.append("    gl_Position = vec4((lineN + (lineCorner % 2 == 0 ? lineOffset : -lineOffset) + lineShift) * lineP.w, lineP.z, lineP.w);\n");
+        sb.append("  }\n");
+    }
+
    private static void emitNormalTransform(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
        sb.append("  // Normal transform\n");
        final String srcNormal = key.hasVertexNormal() && key.instancing() != Instancing.PARTICLE ? "a_Normal" : "u_CurrentNormal";
@@ -380,24 +414,30 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {

    private static void emitFogDistance(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
        sb.append("  // Fog distance\n");
-        // Mesa ffvertex_prog.c build_fog(): FDM_EYE_RADIAL/EYE_PLANE/EYE_PLANE_ABS
-        final int fogDistMode = key.fogDistanceMode();
-        switch (fogDistMode) {
-            case 0 -> // FDM_EYE_RADIAL: Euclidean distance
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = length(eyePos.xyz);\n");
-            case 1 -> // FDM_EYE_PLANE: raw Z (can be negative, clamped by fog factor)
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = eyePos.z;\n");
-            case 2 -> // FDM_EYE_PLANE_ABS: absolute Z
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = abs(eyePos.z);\n");
-            default ->
-                sb.append("  v_FogCoord = abs(eyePos.z);\n");
+        final String own = fogDistance(key, "eyePos");
+        final String fog = key.lineQuads() ? acrossLine(own, fogDistance(key, "lineEyeOther")) : own;
+        sb.append("  v_FogCoord = ").append(fog).append(";\n");
+    }
+
+    // Mesa ffvertex_prog.c build_fog(): FDM_EYE_RADIAL/EYE_PLANE/EYE_PLANE_ABS
+    private static String fogDistance(VertexKey key, String eye) {
+        return switch (key.fogDistanceMode()) {
+            case 0 -> "length(" + eye + ".xyz)"; // FDM_EYE_RADIAL: Euclidean distance
+            case 1 -> eye + ".z";                // FDM_EYE_PLANE: raw Z (can be negative, clamped by fog factor)
+            default -> "abs(" + eye + ".z)";     // FDM_EYE_PLANE_ABS: absolute Z
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static void emitClipDistances(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
+        sb.append("  // Clip distances\n");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            final String own = "dot(u_ClipPlane[" + i + "], eyePos)";
+            final String distance = key.lineQuads() ? acrossLine(own, "dot(u_ClipPlane[" + i + "], lineEyeOther)") : own;
+            sb.append("  gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = ").append(distance).append(";\n");
        }
    }

-    private static void emitClipDistances(StringBuilder sb) {
-        sb.append("  // Clip distances\n");
-        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            sb.append("  gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = dot(u_ClipPlane[").append(i).append("], eyePos);\n");
-        }
+    private static String acrossLine(String own, String other) {
+        return "mix(lineStart ? " + own + " : " + other + ", lineStart ? " + other + " : " + own + ", lineT)";
    }
 }
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ public final class GLSMHooks {
    public static DeferredDepthColorHandler depthColorHandler;
    public static GlintColorHandler glintColorHandler;
    public static ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler immediateExtendedHandler;
+    public static LineDrawHandler lineDrawHandler;
    public static ShaderTransformPostProcessor postTransformProcessor;
    public static PerFrameUniformBlock perFrameUniformBlock;
    public static PerFrameUniformBlock perPassUniformBlock;
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks;
+
+public interface LineDrawHandler {
+
+    boolean bindLineProgram();
+
+    void restoreProgram();
+}
@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ public final class EcosystemNarrowRules {
            "com.tihyo.legends.management.asm.AbstractTransformer",
            "com.tihyo.legends.management.asm.ASMHelper",
            "com.tihyo.legends.management.asm.Transformer"
+        )),
+
+        new NarrowRule("PowerConverters", "covers1624.powerconverters.", List.of(
+            "covers1624.powerconverters.asm",
+            "covers1624.powerconverters.randomdebugshit.CoFHDevEnvHacks"
        ))
    );

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording;

 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vao.IVertexArrayObject;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLContextState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming.LineQuads;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.FfpExtendedAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
@@ -55,9 +58,20 @@ public final class DisplayListVBO {
        private final int count;
        private final int vertexFlags;
        private int pendingExtVbo = 0;
+        private IVertexArrayObject lineQuads;
+        private int lineQuadStart;
+        private int lineQuadCount;
+        private int lineQuadFlags;

        void setPendingExtVbo(int extVbo) { this.pendingExtVbo = extVbo; }

+        void setLineQuads(IVertexArrayObject quads, int start, int count, int flags) {
+            this.lineQuads = quads;
+            this.lineQuadStart = start;
+            this.lineQuadCount = count;
+            this.lineQuadFlags = flags;
+        }
+
        public SubVBO(IVertexArrayObject vao, int drawMode, int start, int count, int vertexFlags) {
            this.vao = vao;
            this.drawMode = drawMode;
@@ -80,10 +94,15 @@ public final class DisplayListVBO {

        public void delete() {
            vao.delete();
+            if (lineQuads != null) lineQuads.delete();
        }

        public void render() {
            if (vao == null) return;
+            if (lineQuads != null && GLStateManager.ffpWidensLineQuads()) {
+                renderLineQuads();
+                return;
+            }
            vao.bind();
            if (pendingExtVbo != 0) {
                GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pendingExtVbo);
@@ -102,6 +121,22 @@ public final class DisplayListVBO {
            vao.unbind();
        }

+        private void renderLineQuads() {
+            final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+            lineQuads.bind();
+            VAOManager.setCurrentVertexFlags(lineQuadFlags);
+            final boolean culled = LineQuads.disableCulling();
+            glCtx.lineQuadsActive = true;
+            FfpExtendedAttribs.beginInternalDraw();
+            try {
+                lineQuads.draw(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, lineQuadStart, lineQuadCount);
+            } finally {
+                FfpExtendedAttribs.endInternalDraw();
+                glCtx.lineQuadsActive = false;
+                LineQuads.restoreCulling(culled);
+            }
+            lineQuads.unbind();
+        }

        public IVertexArrayObject getVAO() {
            return vao;
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming.LineQuads;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
            final IntArrayList extStarts = wantExt ? new IntArrayList() : null;
            final IntArrayList extCounts = wantExt ? new IntArrayList() : null;
            final IntArrayList extPrims = wantExt ? new IntArrayList() : null;
+            // drawIndex, start, vertexCount, drawMode for each line draw
+            final IntArrayList lineDraws = GLStateManager.wideLineEmulationEnabled ? new IntArrayList() : null;

            for (FormatData data : formatData) {
                int vertexCount;
@@ -123,6 +126,12 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
                    vbos[data.drawIndex] = new DisplayListVBO.SubVBO(vao, GL11.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, start, vertexCount, flags);
                } else {
                    vbos[data.drawIndex] = new DisplayListVBO.SubVBO(vao, data.drawMode, start, vertexCount, flags);
+                    if (lineDraws != null && LineQuads.segmentCount(data.drawMode, vertexCount) > 0) {
+                        lineDraws.add(data.drawIndex);
+                        lineDraws.add(start);
+                        lineDraws.add(vertexCount);
+                        lineDraws.add(data.drawMode);
+                    }
                }


@@ -130,6 +139,9 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
            }
            ByteBuffer bigBuffer = mergeAndDelete(allBuffers);
            vbo.allocate(bigBuffer, start);
+            if (lineDraws != null && !lineDraws.isEmpty()) {
+                attachLineQuads(vbos, format, bigBuffer, lineDraws);
+            }

            if (wantExt && !extDrawIndexes.isEmpty()) {
                final int extVbo = buildExt(extHandler, format, bigBuffer, extStarts, extCounts, extPrims);
@@ -148,6 +160,34 @@ public final class DisplayListVBOBuilder {
        return new DisplayListVBO(vbos, extVbos.toIntArray());
    }

+    // The line width is only known at playback, so lines keep their own draw and also get quads to widen
+    private static void attachLineQuads(DisplayListVBO.SubVBO[] vbos, VertexFormat format, ByteBuffer vertices, IntArrayList lineDraws) {
+        final VertexFormat quadFormat = LineQuads.quadFormat(format);
+        final int quadSize = quadFormat.getVertexSize();
+        int quadVertices = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < lineDraws.size(); i += 4) {
+            quadVertices += LineQuads.segmentCount(lineDraws.getInt(i + 3), lineDraws.getInt(i + 2)) * LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT;
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer quads = memAlloc(quadVertices * quadSize);
+        final long src = memAddress0(vertices);
+        final long dst = memAddress0(quads);
+        final int stride = format.getVertexSize();
+        final IVertexArrayObject quadVao = VAOManager.createStorageVAO(quadFormat, -1, 0);
+        int quadStart = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < lineDraws.size(); i += 4) {
+            final int start = lineDraws.getInt(i + 1);
+            final int count = lineDraws.getInt(i + 2);
+            final int mode = lineDraws.getInt(i + 3);
+            final int corners = LineQuads.segmentCount(mode, count) * LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT;
+            LineQuads.expandWithOtherEnd(src + (long) start * stride, format, mode, count, dst + (long) quadStart * quadSize);
+            vbos[lineDraws.getInt(i)].setLineQuads(quadVao, quadStart, corners, quadFormat.getVertexFlags());
+            quadStart += corners;
+        }
+        quadVao.getVBO().allocate(quads, quadVertices);
+        memFree(quads);
+    }
+
    private static int buildExt(ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler handler, VertexFormat format, ByteBuffer bigBuffer,
                                IntArrayList extStarts, IntArrayList extCounts, IntArrayList extPrims) {
        final int extStride = ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.EXT_STRIDE;
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.DirectTessellator;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.TessellatorManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.QuadConverter;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

@@ -13,6 +15,10 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Queue;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetByte;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetInt;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetShort;
+
 /**
 * Records immediate mode GL calls (glBegin/glEnd/glVertex) via {@link DirectTessellator}.
 * Used both during display list compilation and for live immediate mode emulation in core profile.
@@ -213,6 +219,34 @@ public final class ImmediateModeRecorder {
        }
    }

+    public static DirectTessellator processDrawElementsFromAttribs(int mode, int count, int indexType, long indices) {
+        final long minMax = QuadConverter.scanMinMaxIndex(indices, indexType, count);
+        if (minMax == -1L) return null;
+        final int minVertex = (int) (minMax & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+        final int maxVertex = (int) (minMax >>> 32);
+        final AttribSnapshot snap = AttribSnapshot.snapshot(minVertex, maxVertex - minVertex + 1);
+        if (snap == null) return null;
+        try {
+            prepareReaders(snap);
+            if (positionReaderIndex < 0) return null;
+            begin(mode);
+            final DirectTessellator t = tessellator();
+            final int indexSize = GLTypes.sizeBytes(indexType);
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                final long at = indices + (long) i * indexSize;
+                final int vertex = switch (indexType) {
+                    case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> memGetByte(at) & 0xFF;
+                    case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> memGetShort(at) & 0xFFFF;
+                    default -> memGetInt(at);
+                };
+                readVertexFromBuffer(t, vertex);
+            }
+            return end();
+        } finally {
+            snap.free();
+        }
+    }
+
    private static void prepareReaders(AttribSnapshot snap) {
        nonPositionCount = 0;
        positionReaderIndex = -1;
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLDebug;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public record TexImage2DCmd(
    int format,
    int type,
    @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels,
-    @Nullable PixelUnpackState unpack
+    @Nullable PixelStoreState unpack
 ) implements DisplayListCommand {

    public TexImage2DCmd {
@@ -37,19 +37,19 @@ public record TexImage2DCmd(
        }
    }

-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLDebug;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLTypes;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelStoreState;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public record TexSubImage2DCmd(
    int format,
    int type,
    @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels,
-    @Nullable PixelUnpackState unpack
+    @Nullable PixelStoreState unpack
 ) implements DisplayListCommand {

    public TexSubImage2DCmd {
@@ -37,19 +37,19 @@ public record TexSubImage2DCmd(
        }
    }

-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelStoreState unpack) {
        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
    }

@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
    private static final String OpenGlHelper = "net/minecraft/client/renderer/OpenGlHelper";
    private static final String EXTBlendFunc = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTBlendFuncSeparate";
    private static final String EXTSecondaryColor = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTSecondaryColor";
+    private static final String EXTFogCoord = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTFogCoord";
    private static final String ARBMultiTexture = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBMultitexture";
    private static final String ARBShaderObjects = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBShaderObjects";
    private static final String ARBInstancedArrays = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBInstancedArrays";
@@ -378,6 +379,8 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
            .add("glEnableClientState")
            .add("glDisableClientState")
            .add("glInterleavedArrays")
+            .add("glEdgeFlagPointer")
+            .add("glGetPointer")
            .add("glPushClientAttrib")
            .add("glPopClientAttrib")
            .add("glViewport")
@@ -408,11 +411,16 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
            .add("glMultiDrawArrays")
            .add("glPointParameterf")
            .add("glPointParameteri")
+            .add("glPointParameter")
+            .add("glPointParameterfv", "glPointParameter")
+            .add("glPointParameteriv", "glPointParameter")
            // Removed in core profile - emulated by the FFP shaders, calling through would abort the JVM
            .add("glSecondaryColor3f")
            .add("glSecondaryColor3d")
            .add("glSecondaryColor3b")
-            .add("glSecondaryColor3ub");
+            .add("glSecondaryColor3ub")
+            .add("glSecondaryColorPointer")
+            .add("glFogCoordPointer");
        final var gl15 = RedirectMap.newMap()
            .add("glGenBuffers")
            .add("glBindBuffer")
@@ -604,7 +612,9 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
            .add("glSecondaryColor3bEXT", "glSecondaryColor3b")
            .add("glSecondaryColor3fEXT", "glSecondaryColor3f")
            .add("glSecondaryColor3dEXT", "glSecondaryColor3d")
-            .add("glSecondaryColor3ubEXT", "glSecondaryColor3ub"));
+            .add("glSecondaryColor3ubEXT", "glSecondaryColor3ub")
+            .add("glSecondaryColorPointerEXT", "glSecondaryColorPointer"));
+        methodRedirects.put(EXTFogCoord, RedirectMap.newMap().add("glFogCoordPointerEXT", "glFogCoordPointer"));

        // ARB
        methodRedirects.put(ARBMultiTexture, RedirectMap.newMap()
@@ -626,6 +636,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
            .add("glGenRenderbuffers")
            .add("glRenderbufferStorage")
            .add("glFramebufferRenderbuffer")
+            .add("glGenerateMipmap")
        );
        methodRedirects.put(EXTFramebufferObject, RedirectMap.newMap()
            .add("glBindFramebufferEXT", "glBindFramebuffer")
@@ -638,6 +649,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
            .add("glGenRenderbuffersEXT", "glGenRenderbuffers")
            .add("glRenderbufferStorageEXT", "glRenderbufferStorage")
            .add("glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT", "glFramebufferRenderbuffer")
+            .add("glGenerateMipmapEXT", "glGenerateMipmap")
        );
        methodRedirects.put(ARBOcclusionQuery, RedirectMap.newMap()
            .add("glGenQueriesARB", "glGenQueries")
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader;

 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlslTransformUtils;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.ParserRuleContext;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
-import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
-import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTreeWalker;
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
-import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLLexer;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
-import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLPreParser;
-import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParserBaseListener;

 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Comparator;
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
        }

        final List<Edit> edits = new ArrayList<>();
-        final Metadata meta = collectEdits(source, root, glShaderType, debugName, separateReadOnlyImages, edits);
+        final Metadata meta = collectEdits(new ShaderIndex(root, source), glShaderType, debugName, separateReadOnlyImages, edits);

        final Result out = new Result(applyEdits(source, edits), meta.boolUniforms(), meta.explicitVsInputs());
        synchronized (CACHE) {
@@ -111,129 +108,100 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {

    public record Metadata(Set<String> boolUniforms, Set<String> explicitVsInputs, boolean needsSamplerless) {}

-    public static Metadata collectEdits(String source, GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root, int glShaderType, String debugName, boolean separateReadOnlyImages, List<Edit> edits) {
+    public static Metadata collectEdits(ShaderIndex index, int glShaderType, String debugName, boolean separateReadOnlyImages, List<Edit> edits) {
        final boolean isVertex = glShaderType == GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER;
        final Set<String> bools = new HashSet<>();
        final Set<String> explicitInputs = new HashSet<>();
        final Set<String> readOnlyImages = new HashSet<>();
-        final boolean[] needsSamplerless = { false };
+        boolean needsSamplerless = false;

-        final int[] maxExplicitLoc = { -1 };
+        int maxExplicitLoc = -1;
        final List<Integer> unlocatedVsInputStarts = new ArrayList<>();

-        ParseTreeWalker.DEFAULT.walk(new GLSLParserBaseListener() {
-            @Override
-            public void enterInit_declarator_list(GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext ctx) {
-                final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = ctx.single_declaration();
-                if (single == null || single.fully_specified_type() == null) return;
+        for (GLSLParser.DeclarationContext declaration : index.globalDeclarations()) {
+            final GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext list = declaration.init_declarator_list();
+            if (list == null) continue;
+            final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = list.single_declaration();
+            if (single == null || single.fully_specified_type() == null) continue;

-                final GLSLParser.Fully_specified_typeContext fst = single.fully_specified_type();
-                final GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext tq = fst.type_qualifier();
-                if (tq == null) return;
+            final GLSLParser.Fully_specified_typeContext fst = single.fully_specified_type();
+            final GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext tq = fst.type_qualifier();
+            if (tq == null) continue;

-                boolean hasUniform = false, hasIn = false, hasLocation = false, hasReadonly = false;
-                int locValue = -1;
-                int bindingValue = -1;
-                for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext stq : tq.single_type_qualifier()) {
-                    if (stq.storage_qualifier() != null) {
-                        final String s = stq.storage_qualifier().getText();
-                        if ("uniform".equals(s)) hasUniform = true;
-                        else if ("in".equals(s)) hasIn = true;
-                        else if ("readonly".equals(s)) hasReadonly = true;
-                    } else if (stq.layout_qualifier() != null) {
-                        for (GLSLParser.Layout_qualifier_idContext id : stq.layout_qualifier().layout_qualifier_id_list().layout_qualifier_id()) {
-                            if (id.IDENTIFIER() == null) continue;
-                            final String qualifier = id.IDENTIFIER().getText();
-                            if ("location".equals(qualifier)) {
-                                hasLocation = true;
-                                if (id.constant_expression() != null) {
-                                    try { locValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
-                                }
-                            } else if ("binding".equals(qualifier) && id.constant_expression() != null) {
-                                try { bindingValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
+            boolean hasUniform = false, hasIn = false, hasLocation = false, hasReadonly = false;
+            int locValue = -1;
+            int bindingValue = -1;
+            for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext stq : tq.single_type_qualifier()) {
+                if (stq.storage_qualifier() != null) {
+                    final String s = stq.storage_qualifier().getText();
+                    if ("uniform".equals(s)) hasUniform = true;
+                    else if ("in".equals(s)) hasIn = true;
+                    else if ("readonly".equals(s)) hasReadonly = true;
+                } else if (stq.layout_qualifier() != null) {
+                    for (GLSLParser.Layout_qualifier_idContext id : stq.layout_qualifier().layout_qualifier_id_list().layout_qualifier_id()) {
+                        if (id.IDENTIFIER() == null) continue;
+                        final String qualifier = id.IDENTIFIER().getText();
+                        if ("location".equals(qualifier)) {
+                            hasLocation = true;
+                            if (id.constant_expression() != null) {
+                                try { locValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
                            }
+                        } else if ("binding".equals(qualifier) && id.constant_expression() != null) {
+                            try { bindingValue = Integer.parseInt(id.constant_expression().getText()); } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
                        }
                    }
                }
+            }

-                final boolean boolDecl = hasUniform && isBool(fst);
-                final boolean explicitInputDecl = isVertex && hasIn && hasLocation;
+            final boolean boolDecl = hasUniform && isBool(fst);
+            final boolean explicitInputDecl = isVertex && hasIn && hasLocation;
+            final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> declarators = ShaderIndex.declarators(list);
+            for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : declarators) {
+                handleDeclarator(td, hasUniform, boolDecl, explicitInputDecl, bools, explicitInputs, edits);
+            }

-                if (single.typeless_declaration() != null) {
-                    handleDeclarator(single.typeless_declaration(), hasUniform, boolDecl, explicitInputDecl, bools, explicitInputs, edits);
-                }
-                for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : ctx.typeless_declaration()) {
-                    handleDeclarator(td, hasUniform, boolDecl, explicitInputDecl, bools, explicitInputs, edits);
-                }
-
-                if (separateReadOnlyImages && hasUniform && fst.type_specifier() != null) {
-                    final String typeText = fst.type_specifier().getText();
-                    if (separateTextureType(typeText) != null) {
-                        needsSamplerless[0] = true;
-                    } else if (hasReadonly) {
-                        final String asTexture = separateTextureTypeForImage(typeText);
-                        if (asTexture != null) {
-                            needsSamplerless[0] = true;
-                            collectDeclaredNames(single, ctx, readOnlyImages);
-                            final String binding = bindingValue >= 0 ? "layout(binding = " + bindingValue + ") " : "";
-                            edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(fst), stopIdx(fst), binding + "uniform " + asTexture));
+            if (separateReadOnlyImages && hasUniform && fst.type_specifier() != null) {
+                final String typeText = fst.type_specifier().getText();
+                if (separateTextureType(typeText) != null) {
+                    needsSamplerless = true;
+                } else if (hasReadonly) {
+                    final String asTexture = separateTextureTypeForImage(typeText);
+                    if (asTexture != null) {
+                        needsSamplerless = true;
+                        for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : declarators) {
+                            if (td.IDENTIFIER() != null) readOnlyImages.add(td.IDENTIFIER().getText());
                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (isVertex && hasIn) {
-                    if (hasLocation && locValue >= 0) {
-                        if (locValue > maxExplicitLoc[0]) maxExplicitLoc[0] = locValue;
-                    } else if (!hasLocation) {
-                        unlocatedVsInputStarts.add(ctx.getStart().getStartIndex());
+                        final String binding = bindingValue >= 0 ? "layout(binding = " + bindingValue + ") " : "";
+                        edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(fst), stopIdx(fst), binding + "uniform " + asTexture));
                    }
                }
            }

-            @Override
-            public void enterPostfix_expression(GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext ctx) {
-                if (readOnlyImages.isEmpty() || ctx.LEFT_PAREN() == null || ctx.RIGHT_PAREN() == null) return;
-                final GLSLParser.Function_call_parametersContext params = ctx.function_call_parameters();
-                if (params == null || params.assignment_expression() == null || params.assignment_expression().isEmpty()) return;
-                if (!readOnlyImages.contains(params.assignment_expression(0).getText())) return;
-
-                final ParseTree callee = ctx.getChild(0);
-                if (!(callee instanceof ParserRuleContext calleeCtx)) return;
-                final String replacement = switch (calleeCtx.getText()) {
-                    case "imageLoad" -> "texelFetch";
-                    case "imageSize" -> "textureSize";
-                    default -> null;
-                };
-                if (replacement == null) return;
-
-                edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(calleeCtx), stopIdx(calleeCtx), replacement));
-                final int rparen = ctx.RIGHT_PAREN().getSymbol().getStartIndex();
-                edits.add(new Edit(rparen, rparen - 1, ", 0"));
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void visitTerminal(TerminalNode node) {
-                final Token tok = node.getSymbol();
-                if (tok.getType() != GLSLLexer.IDENTIFIER) return;
-                final String text = tok.getText();
-                switch (text) {
-                    case "sampler" -> edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), SAMPLER_RENAMED));
-                    case "gl_VertexID" -> edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), "gl_VertexIndex"));
-                    case "gl_InstanceID" -> edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), "gl_InstanceIndex"));
-                    default -> {
-                        if (TARGET_RESERVED.contains(text)) edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), RESERVED_RENAMED_PREFIX + text));
-                    }
+            if (isVertex && hasIn) {
+                if (hasLocation && locValue >= 0) {
+                    if (locValue > maxExplicitLoc) maxExplicitLoc = locValue;
+                } else if (!hasLocation) {
+                    unlocatedVsInputStarts.add(list.getStart().getStartIndex());
                }
            }
-        }, root);
-
-        if (needsSamplerless[0] && source != null) {
-            final int at = versionDirectiveEnd(source);
-            if (at >= 0) edits.add(new Edit(at, at - 1, "\n" + SAMPLERLESS_EXTENSION));
        }

-        if (maxExplicitLoc[0] >= 0 && !unlocatedVsInputStarts.isEmpty()) {
-            int next = maxExplicitLoc[0] + 1;
+        if (!readOnlyImages.isEmpty()) {
+            rewriteReadOnlyImageCalls(index.callsTo("imageLoad"), "texelFetch", readOnlyImages, edits);
+            rewriteReadOnlyImageCalls(index.callsTo("imageSize"), "textureSize", readOnlyImages, edits);
+        }
+        if (needsSamplerless) {
+            final int versionEnd = index.directives().versionEnd();
+            if (versionEnd >= 0) edits.add(new Edit(versionEnd, versionEnd - 1, "\n" + SAMPLERLESS_EXTENSION));
+        }
+
+        rename(index, "sampler", SAMPLER_RENAMED, edits);
+        rename(index, "gl_VertexID", "gl_VertexIndex", edits);
+        rename(index, "gl_InstanceID", "gl_InstanceIndex", edits);
+        for (String reserved : TARGET_RESERVED) rename(index, reserved, RESERVED_RENAMED_PREFIX + reserved, edits);
+
+        if (maxExplicitLoc >= 0 && !unlocatedVsInputStarts.isEmpty()) {
+            int next = maxExplicitLoc + 1;
            int dropped = 0;
            for (int start : unlocatedVsInputStarts) {
                if (next >= MAX_VS_INPUT_LOCATIONS) { dropped++; continue; }
@@ -245,22 +213,65 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
            }
        }

-        return new Metadata(bools, explicitInputs, needsSamplerless[0]);
+        return new Metadata(bools, explicitInputs, needsSamplerless);
+    }
+
+    private static void rename(ShaderIndex index, String name, String replacement, List<Edit> edits) {
+        for (Token tok : index.occurrences(name)) edits.add(new Edit(tok.getStartIndex(), tok.getStopIndex(), replacement));
+    }
+
+    static @Nullable String renameUserFunctions(String source) {
+        final GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root;
+        try {
+            root = GlslTransformUtils.parseFullQuiet(source);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Object2IntOpenHashMap<String> prototypes = null;
+        for (GLSLParser.External_declarationContext external : root.external_declaration()) {
+            final GLSLParser.Function_definitionContext function = external.function_definition();
+            final GLSLParser.DeclarationContext declaration = function == null ? external.declaration() : null;
+            final GLSLParser.Function_prototypeContext prototype = function != null ? function.function_prototype() : declaration != null ? declaration.function_prototype() : null;
+            final TerminalNode identifier = prototype == null ? null : prototype.IDENTIFIER();
+            if (identifier == null) continue;
+            final String name = identifier.getText();
+            if ("main".equals(name)) continue;
+            if (prototypes == null) prototypes = new Object2IntOpenHashMap<>();
+            prototypes.addTo(name, 1);
+        }
+        if (prototypes == null) return null;
+
+        final ShaderIndex index = new ShaderIndex(root, source);
+        final Set<String> inDirectives = index.directives().identifiers();
+        final List<Edit> edits = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Object2IntMap.Entry<String> prototype : prototypes.object2IntEntrySet()) {
+            final String name = prototype.getKey();
+            if (inDirectives.contains(name)) continue;
+            if (index.occurrences(name).size() != prototype.getIntValue() + index.callsTo(name).size()) continue;
+            rename(index, name, RESERVED_RENAMED_PREFIX + name, edits);
+        }
+        return edits.isEmpty() ? null : applyEdits(source, edits);
+    }
+
+    private static void rewriteReadOnlyImageCalls(List<GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext> calls, String replacement, Set<String> readOnlyImages, List<Edit> edits) {
+        for (GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext call : calls) {
+            if (call.RIGHT_PAREN() == null) continue;
+            final GLSLParser.Function_call_parametersContext params = call.function_call_parameters();
+            if (params == null || params.assignment_expression().isEmpty()) continue;
+            if (!readOnlyImages.contains(params.assignment_expression(0).getText())) continue;
+
+            final ParserRuleContext callee = (ParserRuleContext) call.getChild(0);
+            edits.add(new Edit(startIdx(callee), stopIdx(callee), replacement));
+            final int rparen = call.RIGHT_PAREN().getSymbol().getStartIndex();
+            edits.add(new Edit(rparen, rparen - 1, ", 0"));
+        }
    }

    public static void clearCache() {
        synchronized (CACHE) { CACHE.clear(); }
    }

-    private static void collectDeclaredNames(GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single, GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext ctx, Set<String> out) {
-        if (single.typeless_declaration() != null && single.typeless_declaration().IDENTIFIER() != null) {
-            out.add(single.typeless_declaration().IDENTIFIER().getText());
-        }
-        for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td : ctx.typeless_declaration()) {
-            if (td.IDENTIFIER() != null) out.add(td.IDENTIFIER().getText());
-        }
-    }
-
    private static @Nullable String separateTextureTypeForImage(String typeText) {
        final String dim = switch (typeText) {
            case "image1D", "iimage1D", "uimage1D" -> "1D";
@@ -281,26 +292,6 @@ public final class GlslVulkanPreprocess {
        };
    }

-    private static int versionDirectiveEnd(String source) {
-        final GLSLPreParser.Translation_unitContext pre;
-        try {
-            pre = GlslTransformUtils.parsePreQuiet(source);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-        final GLSLPreParser.Version_directiveContext ctx = firstVersionDirective(pre);
-        return ctx == null || ctx.getStop() == null ? -1 : ctx.getStop().getStopIndex() + 1;
-    }
-
-    private static GLSLPreParser.@Nullable Version_directiveContext firstVersionDirective(ParseTree node) {
-        if (node instanceof GLSLPreParser.Version_directiveContext v) return v;
-        for (int i = 0; i < node.getChildCount(); i++) {
-            final GLSLPreParser.Version_directiveContext found = firstVersionDirective(node.getChild(i));
-            if (found != null) return found;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
    private static void handleDeclarator(GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext td, boolean hasUniform, boolean asBool, boolean asInput, Set<String> bools, Set<String> inputs, List<Edit> edits) {
        if (td.IDENTIFIER() == null) return;
        final String name = td.IDENTIFIER().getText();
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.threading.AngelicaWorkers;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL41;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
+/**
+ * Saves linked GL programs to disk and loads them back with glProgramBinary, skipping compile and link.
+ */
+public final class ProgramBinaryCache {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("ProgramBinaryCache");
+    static final String LAYER = "gl-program";
+    private static final int PACKS_KEPT = 3;
+
+    private static volatile boolean enabled;
+    private static volatile String packLayer;
+    private static String driverId;
+    private static String fullCompileLayer;
+    private static Set<String> keysInUse;
+    private static List<CompletableFuture<Boolean>> fullCompileWrites;
+    private static Object fullCompileGeneration;
+    private static final AtomicBoolean rejectWarned = new AtomicBoolean();
+    private static final Object WRITE_LOCK = new Object();
+    private static final Map<String, Object> compileGenerations = new HashMap<>();
+    private static int deleteCount;
+
+    private ProgramBinaryCache() {}
+
+    public static void setEnabled(boolean value) {
+        enabled = value;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isEnabled() {
+        return enabled && packLayer != null && RenderSystem.supportsProgramBinary() && ShaderDiskCache.isEnabled();
+    }
+
+    public static void usePack(String packName) {
+        if (packName == null) {
+            packLayer = null;
+            return;
+        }
+        final String layer = LAYER + '/' + folderName(packName);
+        packLayer = layer;
+        if (!enabled) return;
+        ShaderDiskCache.touchLayer(layer);
+        AngelicaWorkers.run(() -> ShaderDiskCache.keepNewestSubLayers(LAYER, PACKS_KEPT));
+    }
+
+    public static Key key() {
+        return new Key(ShaderDiskCache.key(packLayer).str(driverId()).b(ShaderManager.isEnabled()));
+    }
+
+    public static void markRetrievable(int program) {
+        GLStateManager.glProgramParameteri(program, GL41.GL_PROGRAM_BINARY_RETRIEVABLE_HINT, GL11.GL_TRUE);
+    }
+
+    public static int load(Key key) {
+        final ShaderDiskCache.Key diskKey = key.diskKey;
+        final ShaderDiskCache.Blob blob = ShaderDiskCache.getBlob(diskKey);
+        if (blob == null) return 0;
+        final int format;
+        try {
+            format = Integer.parseInt(blob.tag());
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            ShaderDiskCache.remove(diskKey);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        final int program = GLStateManager.glCreateProgram();
+        final ByteBuffer data = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc(blob.data().length);
+        try {
+            data.put(blob.data()).flip();
+            GLStateManager.glProgramBinary(program, format, data);
+        } finally {
+            MemoryUtilities.memFree(data);
+        }
+        if (GLStateManager.glGetProgrami(program, GL20.GL_LINK_STATUS) != GL11.GL_TRUE) {
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteProgram(program);
+            ShaderDiskCache.remove(diskKey);
+            if (rejectWarned.compareAndSet(false, true)) LOGGER.error("Driver rejected a saved shader program!! Recompiling rejected programs from source");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        keep(diskKey);
+        return program;
+    }
+
+    public static void save(Key key, int program) {
+        if (!saveBinary(key, program) && fullCompileWrites != null) {
+            fullCompileWrites.add(CompletableFuture.completedFuture(false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean saveBinary(Key key, int program) {
+        final int length = GLStateManager.glGetProgrami(program, GL41.GL_PROGRAM_BINARY_LENGTH);
+        if (length <= 0) return false;
+        final ByteBuffer data = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc(length);
+        final IntBuffer written = MemoryUtilities.memAllocInt(1);
+        final IntBuffer format = MemoryUtilities.memAllocInt(1);
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glGetProgramBinary(program, written, format, data);
+            if (written.get(0) <= 0) return false;
+            data.limit(written.get(0));
+            final byte[] binary = ShaderCacheIO.toHeap(data);
+            final String formatTag = Integer.toString(format.get(0));
+            final ShaderDiskCache.Key diskKey = key.diskKey;
+            keep(diskKey);
+            final int deletesBefore;
+            synchronized (WRITE_LOCK) {
+                deletesBefore = deleteCount;
+            }
+            final CompletableFuture<Boolean> write = AngelicaWorkers.submit(() -> {
+                synchronized (WRITE_LOCK) {
+                    return deletesBefore == deleteCount && ShaderDiskCache.putBlob(diskKey, formatTag, binary);
+                }
+            });
+            final List<CompletableFuture<Boolean>> writes = fullCompileWrites;
+            if (writes != null) writes.add(write);
+            return true;
+        } finally {
+            MemoryUtilities.memFree(data);
+            MemoryUtilities.memFree(written);
+            MemoryUtilities.memFree(format);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isFullCompileRunning() {
+        return keysInUse != null;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean saveRetained(Key key, int program) {
+        if (ShaderDiskCache.getBlob(key.diskKey) != null) {
+            keep(key.diskKey);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return saveBinary(key, program);
+    }
+
+    public static void beginFullCompile() {
+        fullCompileLayer = packLayer;
+        keysInUse = new HashSet<>();
+        fullCompileWrites = new ArrayList<>();
+        synchronized (WRITE_LOCK) {
+            fullCompileGeneration = new Object();
+            if (fullCompileLayer != null) compileGenerations.put(fullCompileLayer, fullCompileGeneration);
+        }
+    }
+    public static void finishFullCompile(@Nullable String completedSettings) {
+        final String layer = fullCompileLayer;
+        final Set<String> used = keysInUse;
+        final List<CompletableFuture<Boolean>> writes = fullCompileWrites;
+        final Object generation = fullCompileGeneration;
+        fullCompileLayer = null;
+        keysInUse = null;
+        fullCompileWrites = null;
+        fullCompileGeneration = null;
+        if (layer == null || used == null || writes == null) return;
+
+        final ShaderDiskCache.Key marker = completedSettings != null ? compiledSettingsKey(layer, completedSettings) : null;
+        final String markerHex = marker != null ? marker.hex() : null;
+        CompletableFuture.allOf(writes.toArray(new CompletableFuture<?>[0])).whenComplete((ignored, failure) -> {
+            synchronized (WRITE_LOCK) {
+                if (compileGenerations.get(layer) != generation) return;
+                if (marker == null || failure != null) return;
+                for (CompletableFuture<Boolean> write : writes) {
+                    if (!write.join()) return;
+                }
+                ShaderDiskCache.retainLayer(layer, used);
+                ShaderDiskCache.retainLayer(layer + "/settings", Collections.singleton(markerHex));
+                ShaderDiskCache.putString(marker, "");
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public static void deleteAll() {
+        synchronized (WRITE_LOCK) {
+            deleteCount++;
+            compileGenerations.clear();
+            ShaderDiskCache.deleteLayer(LAYER);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean wasCompiledFor(String settings) {
+        final String layer = packLayer;
+        return layer != null && ShaderDiskCache.getString(compiledSettingsKey(layer, settings)) != null;
+    }
+
+    private static ShaderDiskCache.Key compiledSettingsKey(String layer, String settings) {
+        return ShaderDiskCache.key(layer + "/settings").str(driverId()).b(ShaderManager.isEnabled()).str(settings);
+    }
+
+    private static String folderName(String packName) {
+        final StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder(Math.min(packName.length(), 64));
+        for (int i = 0; i < packName.length() && name.length() < 64; i++) {
+            final char c = packName.charAt(i);
+            name.append(c < 128 && (Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) || c == '.' || c == '-' || c == '_') ? c : '_');
+        }
+        return name.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static void keep(ShaderDiskCache.Key diskKey) {
+        final String hex = diskKey.hex();
+        final Set<String> used = keysInUse;
+        if (used != null) used.add(hex);
+    }
+
+    private static String driverId() {
+        String id = driverId;
+        if (id == null) {
+            id = RENDER_BACKEND.getString(GL11.GL_VENDOR) + '|' + RENDER_BACKEND.getString(GL11.GL_RENDERER) + '|'
+                + RENDER_BACKEND.getString(GL11.GL_VERSION) + '|' + RENDER_BACKEND.getString(GL20.GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION) + '|'
+                + RenderSystem.isGLES() + '|' + RENDER_BACKEND.getMinGLSLVersion();
+            driverId = id;
+        }
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public static final class Key {
+        private final ShaderDiskCache.Key diskKey;
+
+        private Key(ShaderDiskCache.Key diskKey) {
+            this.diskKey = diskKey;
+        }
+
+        public Key stage(int shaderType, String source) {
+            diskKey.str("stage").i(shaderType).str(source);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Key attribute(String name, int index) {
+            diskKey.str("attribute").str(name).i(index);
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -19,14 +19,18 @@ import java.nio.file.SimpleFileVisitor;
 import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
 import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
 import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime;
 import java.security.MessageDigest;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
@@ -49,7 +53,10 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {

    private ShaderDiskCache() {}

-    public static void configure(Path dir, String salt) {
+    private static String configuredSalt;
+
+    public static synchronized void configure(Path dir, String salt) {
+        if (dir.equals(root) && salt.equals(configuredSalt)) return;
        try {
            Files.createDirectories(dir);
            final Path saltFile = dir.resolve("salt");
@@ -59,6 +66,7 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {
                Files.write(saltFile, salt.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            }
            root = dir;
+            configuredSalt = salt;
            AngelicaWorkers.run(() -> enforceCap(dir, MAX_BYTES));
            LOGGER.info("Shader disk cache at {}", dir);
        } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
@@ -116,9 +124,9 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {
        }
    }

-    public static void put(Key key, byte[] payload) {
+    public static boolean put(Key key, byte[] payload) {
        final Path r = root;
-        if (r == null) return;
+        if (r == null) return false;
        final Path target = key.path(r);
        final Path tmp = target.resolveSibling(key.hex() + '.' + TMP_SEQ.getAndIncrement() + ".tmp");
        try {
@@ -129,11 +137,13 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {
                write(tmp, payload);
            }
            Files.move(tmp, target, StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+            return true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            try {
                Files.deleteIfExists(tmp);
            } catch (IOException ignored) {}
            if (writeWarned.compareAndSet(false, true)) LOGGER.warn("Shader disk cache write failed for {}", target, e);
+            return false;
        }
    }

@@ -202,7 +212,7 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {
        }
    }

-    public static void putBlob(Key key, String tag, byte[] data) {
+    public static boolean putBlob(Key key, String tag, byte[] data) {
        final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length + 64);
        try (DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(bytes)) {
            writeStr(out, tag);
@@ -210,11 +220,101 @@ public final class ShaderDiskCache {
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
        }
-        put(key, bytes.toByteArray());
+        return put(key, bytes.toByteArray());
    }

    public record Blob(String tag, byte[] data) {}

+    public static void remove(Key key) {
+        final Path r = root;
+        if (r == null) return;
+        try {
+            Files.deleteIfExists(key.path(r));
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {}
+    }
+
+    public static void retainLayer(String layer, Set<String> keep) {
+        final Path r = root;
+        if (r == null) return;
+        final Path dir = r.resolve(layer);
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(dir)) return;
+        final List<Path> files = new ArrayList<>();
+        try (Stream<Path> list = Files.list(dir)) {
+            list.forEach(files::add);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Shader disk cache could not list {}", dir, e);
+            return;
+        }
+        for (Path p : files) {
+            final String name = p.getFileName().toString();
+            if (!name.endsWith(".bin")) continue; // in-flight writes are still .tmp
+            if (keep != null && keep.contains(name.substring(0, name.length() - 4))) continue;
+            try {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(p);
+            } catch (IOException ignored) {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void touchLayer(String layer) {
+        final Path r = root;
+        if (r == null) return;
+        final Path dir = r.resolve(layer);
+        try {
+            Files.createDirectories(dir);
+            Files.setLastModifiedTime(dir, FileTime.fromMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Shader disk cache could not mark {} as used", dir, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void keepNewestSubLayers(String layer, int keep) {
+        final Path r = root;
+        if (r == null) return;
+        final Path dir = r.resolve(layer);
+        if (!Files.isDirectory(dir)) return;
+        final List<Path> subLayers = new ArrayList<>();
+        try (Stream<Path> list = Files.list(dir)) {
+            list.filter(Files::isDirectory).forEach(subLayers::add);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Shader disk cache could not list {}", dir, e);
+            return;
+        }
+        subLayers.sort(Comparator.comparingLong(ShaderDiskCache::lastModifiedMillis).reversed());
+        for (int i = keep; i < subLayers.size(); i++) {
+            deleteRecursively(subLayers.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void deleteLayer(String layer) {
+        final Path r = root;
+        if (r != null) deleteRecursively(r.resolve(layer));
+    }
+
+    private static long lastModifiedMillis(Path path) {
+        try {
+            return Files.getLastModifiedTime(path).toMillis();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return 0L;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void deleteRecursively(Path dir) {
+        if (!Files.exists(dir)) return;
+        final List<Path> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+        try (Stream<Path> walk = Files.walk(dir)) {
+            walk.forEach(paths::add);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Shader disk cache could not list {}", dir, e);
+            return;
+        }
+        Collections.reverse(paths);
+        for (Path p : paths) {
+            try {
+                Files.deleteIfExists(p);
+            } catch (IOException ignored) {}
+        }
+    }
+
    static void enforceCap(Path dir, long maxBytes) {
        try {
            final long[] total = {0};
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlslTransformUtils;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.ParserRuleContext;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.Token;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLLexer;
+import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * What the source passes look up in a parsed shader.
+ */
+public final class ShaderIndex {
+
+    public record Directives(Set<String> identifiers, boolean hasConditionalOrMacro, int versionEnd) {
+        private static final Directives NONE = new Directives(Set.of(), false, -1);
+    }
+
+    private final GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root;
+    private final String source;
+    private final Map<String, List<Token>> identifiers = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, List<GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext>> calls = new HashMap<>();
+    private final List<GLSLParser.DeclarationContext> globalDeclarations = new ArrayList<>();
+    private @Nullable Directives directives;
+
+    public ShaderIndex(GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root, String source) {
+        this.root = root;
+        this.source = source;
+        collect(root);
+        for (GLSLParser.External_declarationContext external : root.external_declaration()) {
+            if (external.declaration() != null) globalDeclarations.add(external.declaration());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void collect(ParseTree node) {
+        if (node instanceof TerminalNode terminal) {
+            final Token token = terminal.getSymbol();
+            if (token.getType() == GLSLLexer.IDENTIFIER) identifiers.computeIfAbsent(token.getText(), k -> new ArrayList<>(2)).add(token);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (node instanceof GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext p && p.LEFT_PAREN() != null) {
+            calls.computeIfAbsent(calleeName(p), k -> new ArrayList<>(2)).add(p);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0, n = node.getChildCount(); i < n; i++) collect(node.getChild(i));
+    }
+
+    public GLSLParser.Translation_unitContext root() {
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    public String source() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public List<Token> occurrences(String name) {
+        return identifiers.getOrDefault(name, List.of());
+    }
+
+    public List<GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext> callsTo(String name) {
+        return calls.getOrDefault(name, List.of());
+    }
+
+    public List<GLSLParser.DeclarationContext> globalDeclarations() {
+        return globalDeclarations;
+    }
+
+    /** Lexes the source on first use. */
+    public Directives directives() {
+        if (directives == null) directives = scanDirectives(source);
+        return directives;
+    }
+
+    private static Directives scanDirectives(String source) {
+        if (source.indexOf('#') < 0) return Directives.NONE;
+        final GLSLLexer lexer = GlslTransformUtils.quietLexer(source);
+        final Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
+        boolean conditionalOrMacro = false;
+        int versionEnd = -1;
+        boolean inVersion = false;
+        for (Token token = lexer.nextToken(); token.getType() != Token.EOF; token = lexer.nextToken()) {
+            final int type = token.getType();
+            if (type == GLSLLexer.VERSION_DIRECTIVE && versionEnd < 0) {
+                inVersion = true;
+                versionEnd = token.getStopIndex() + 1;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (inVersion && (type == GLSLLexer.NUMBER || type == GLSLLexer.PROFILE)) {
+                versionEnd = token.getStopIndex() + 1;
+                continue;
+            }
+            inVersion = false;
+            switch (type) {
+                case GLSLLexer.PROGRAM_TEXT, GLSLLexer.MACRO_TEXT, GLSLLexer.CONSTANT_EXPRESSION -> collectIdentifiers(token.getText(), names);
+                case GLSLLexer.IF_DIRECTIVE, GLSLLexer.IFDEF_DIRECTIVE, GLSLLexer.IFNDEF_DIRECTIVE, GLSLLexer.DEFINE_DIRECTIVE -> conditionalOrMacro = true;
+                default -> { }
+            }
+        }
+        return new Directives(names, conditionalOrMacro, versionEnd);
+    }
+
+    private static void collectIdentifiers(String text, Set<String> out) {
+        if (text == null) return;
+        final int len = text.length();
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i < len) {
+            final char c = text.charAt(i);
+            if (c != '_' && !Character.isLetter(c)) {
+                i++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            int end = i + 1;
+            while (end < len) {
+                final char n = text.charAt(end);
+                if (n != '_' && !Character.isLetterOrDigit(n)) break;
+                end++;
+            }
+            out.add(text.substring(i, end));
+            i = end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String calleeName(GLSLParser.Postfix_expressionContext call) {
+        final ParseTree callee = call.getChild(0);
+        return callee instanceof ParserRuleContext ? callee.getText() : "";
+    }
+
+    public static List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> declarators(GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext list) {
+        final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = list.single_declaration();
+        final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> rest = list.typeless_declaration();
+        if (single == null || single.typeless_declaration() == null) return rest;
+        final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> all = new ArrayList<>(rest.size() + 1);
+        all.add(single.typeless_declaration());
+        all.addAll(rest);
+        return all;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean hasStorageQualifier(@Nullable GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext qualifier, String keyword) {
+        if (qualifier == null) return false;
+        for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext q : qualifier.single_type_qualifier()) {
+            if (q.storage_qualifier() != null && keyword.equals(q.storage_qualifier().getText())) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}
@@ -81,7 +81,16 @@ public final class SpirvCompiler {
            }
        }

-        final Result result = compileUncached(cleanSrc, shaderKind, debugName, opts);
+        Result result = compileUncached(cleanSrc, shaderKind, debugName, opts);
+        if (result.spirv() == null) {
+            final String renamed = GlslVulkanPreprocess.renameUserFunctions(cleanSrc);
+            final Result retry = renamed == null ? null : compileUncached(renamed, shaderKind, debugName, opts);
+            if (retry == null || retry.spirv() == null) {
+                return new Result(null, result.error(), writeFailureDump(debugName, shaderKind, result.error(), cleanSrc));
+            }
+            LOGGER.info("'{}' compiled after renaming its functions; shaderc rejected the original: {}", debugName, result.error());
+            result = retry;
+        }
        final ByteBuffer spirv = result.spirv();
        if (spirv != null) {
            final byte[] heap = ShaderCacheIO.toHeap(spirv);
@@ -121,8 +130,7 @@ public final class SpirvCompiler {
                final int status = Shaderc.shaderc_result_get_compilation_status(result);
                if (status != Shaderc.shaderc_compilation_status_success) {
                    final String msg = Shaderc.shaderc_result_get_error_message(result);
-                    final Path dumpPath = writeFailureDump(debugName, shaderKind, msg, cleanSrc);
-                    return new Result(null, msg == null ? "(no error message)" : msg, dumpPath);
+                    return new Result(null, msg == null ? "(no error message)" : msg, null);
                }
                final ByteBuffer spirv = Shaderc.shaderc_result_get_bytes(result);
                if (spirv == null || spirv.remaining() == 0) {
@@ -47,14 +47,6 @@ public final class SpirvShaderTranslator {
    private SpirvShaderTranslator() {}

    public static @Nullable String glslToGlslEs(String source, int glShaderType, String debugName) {
-        return glslToGlslEsImpl(source, glShaderType, debugName, false);
-    }
-
-    static @Nullable String glslToGlslEsRawForTest(String source, int glShaderType, String debugName) {
-        return glslToGlslEsImpl(source, glShaderType, debugName, true);
-    }
-
-    private static @Nullable String glslToGlslEsImpl(String source, int glShaderType, String debugName, boolean rawOutput) {
        final int shaderKind = shaderKindForGlType(glShaderType);
        if (shaderKind < 0) {
            LOGGER.warn("Unknown GL shader type 0x{} for '{}' - skipping SPIR-V translation", Integer.toHexString(glShaderType), debugName);
@@ -67,14 +59,13 @@ public final class SpirvShaderTranslator {
        final SpirvCompiler.Result cr = SpirvCompiler.compile(pre.rewrittenSource(), shaderKind, debugName, SpirvCompiler.Options.vulkanRelaxed());
        if (cr.spirv() == null) {
            final String firstErr = cr.error() == null ? "(no error)" : cr.error().split("\\R", 2)[0];
-            LOGGER.error("shaderc failed for '{}' (kind=0x{}): {} (dumped to {})",
-                    debugName, Integer.toHexString(shaderKind), firstErr, cr.dumpPath() == null ? "<dump failed>" : cr.dumpPath());
+            LOGGER.error("shaderc failed for '{}' (kind=0x{}): {} (dumped to {})", debugName, Integer.toHexString(shaderKind), firstErr, cr.dumpPath() == null ? "<dump failed>" : cr.dumpPath());
            return null;
        }
        try {
            final String emitted = emitGlslEs(cr.spirv(), debugName, glShaderType, pre.explicitVsInputs());
            if (emitted == null) return null;
-            return rawOutput ? emitted : postProcessEsOutput(emitted, pre.boolUniforms());
+            return postProcessEsOutput(emitted, pre.boolUniforms());
        } finally {
            memFree(cr.spirv());
        }
@@ -163,16 +154,7 @@ public final class SpirvShaderTranslator {
            final GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext single = ctx.single_declaration();
            if (single == null || single.typeless_declaration() == null) return;
            final GLSLParser.Fully_specified_typeContext fst = single.fully_specified_type();
-            if (fst == null || fst.type_qualifier() == null) return;
-
-            boolean isUniform = false;
-            for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext stq : fst.type_qualifier().single_type_qualifier()) {
-                if (stq.storage_qualifier() != null && "uniform".equals(stq.storage_qualifier().getText())) {
-                    isUniform = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!isUniform) return;
+            if (fst == null || !ShaderIndex.hasStorageQualifier(fst.type_qualifier(), "uniform")) return;

            if (fst.type_specifier() == null || fst.type_specifier().type_specifier_nonarray() == null) return;
            final GLSLParser.Type_specifier_nonarrayContext ts = fst.type_specifier().type_specifier_nonarray();
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ public final class AlphaStateStack extends AlphaState implements CowStateStack<A

    public AlphaStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new AlphaState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new AlphaState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new AlphaState();
        }
    }
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ public final class AlphaStateStack extends AlphaState implements CowStateStack<A
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return VanillaStateLayer.isHeld(vanillaLayer) || !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        VanillaStateLayer.capture(vanillaLayer, stack[s].set(this));
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ public final class BlendStateStack extends BlendState implements CowStateStack<B

    public BlendStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new BlendState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new BlendState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new BlendState();
        }
    }
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ public final class BlendStateStack extends BlendState implements CowStateStack<B
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return funcUnknown || VanillaStateLayer.isHeld(vanillaLayer) || !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        VanillaStateLayer.capture(vanillaLayer, stack[s].set(this));
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class BooleanStateStack extends BooleanState implements CowStateStack<Boo
    public BooleanStateStack(int glCap, boolean initialState, boolean ffpStateOnly) {
        super(glCap, ffpStateOnly);
        this.enabled = initialState;
-        stack = new boolean[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
+        stack = new boolean[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
    }

    @Override
@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ public class BooleanStateStack extends BooleanState implements CowStateStack<Boo
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return stateUnknown || (vanillaLayer != null && vanillaLayer.isOverrideHeld()) || enabled != stack[slot];
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int slot) {
        stack[slot] = vanillaValue();
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ public final class Color4Stack extends Color4 implements CowStateStack<Color4Sta

    public Color4Stack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new Color4[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new Color4[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new Color4();
        }
    }
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ public final class Color4Stack extends Color4 implements CowStateStack<Color4Sta
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ public final class ColorMaskStack extends ColorMask implements CowStateStack<Col

    public ColorMaskStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new ColorMask[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new ColorMask[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new ColorMask();
        }
    }
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ public final class ColorMaskStack extends ColorMask implements CowStateStack<Col
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return VanillaStateLayer.isHeld(vanillaLayer) || !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        VanillaStateLayer.capture(vanillaLayer, stack[s].set(this));
@@ -101,6 +101,36 @@ public final class CowDispatch {
        };
    }

+    public static boolean slotChanged(byte kind, CowStateStack<?> s, int slot) {
+        return switch (kind) {
+            case BLEND -> ((BlendStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case BOOLEAN -> ((BooleanStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case CLIP_PLANE_BOOLEAN -> ((ClipPlaneBooleanState) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case TEXTURE_UNIT_BOOLEAN -> ((TextureUnitBooleanStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case COLOR_MASK -> ((ColorMaskStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case LIGHT_STATE -> ((LightStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case MATERIAL -> ((MaterialStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case STENCIL -> ((StencilStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case MATRIX_MODE -> ((MatrixModeStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case LIGHT_MODEL -> ((LightModelStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case ALPHA -> ((AlphaStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case POINT -> ((PointStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case FOG -> ((FogStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case VEC4F -> ((Vec4fStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case VEC3F -> ((Vec3fStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case INTEGER -> ((IntegerStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case DEPTH -> ((DepthStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case VIEWPORT -> ((ViewPortStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case POLYGON -> ((PolygonStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case COLOR4 -> ((Color4Stack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case LINE -> ((LineStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case TEXTURE_BINDING -> ((TextureBindingStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case TEX_ENV -> ((TexEnvState) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            case SCISSOR -> ((ScissorStateStack) s).slotChanged(slot);
+            default -> throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown kind: " + kind);
+        };
+    }
+
    public static void restoreSlot(byte kind, CowStateStack<?> s, int slot) {
        switch (kind) {
            case BLEND -> ((BlendStateStack) s).restoreSlot(slot);
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ public interface CowStateStack<T> extends IStateStack<T> {

    void restoreSlot(int slot);

+    boolean slotChanged(int slot);
+
    default int stackId() {
        return cowDepths().id;
    }
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ public final class DepthStateStack extends DepthState implements CowStateStack<D

    public DepthStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new DepthState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new DepthState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new DepthState();
        }
    }
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ public final class DepthStateStack extends DepthState implements CowStateStack<D
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return VanillaStateLayer.isHeld(vanillaLayer) || !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        VanillaStateLayer.capture(vanillaLayer, stack[s].set(this));
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ public final class FogStateStack extends FogState implements CowStateStack<FogSt

    public FogStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new FogState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new FogState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new FogState();
        }
    }
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ public final class FogStateStack extends FogState implements CowStateStack<FogSt
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class IntegerStateStack extends IntegerState implements CowStateSta
    public IntegerStateStack(int val, int id) {
        cow.id = id;
        setValue(val);
-        stack = new IntegerState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new IntegerState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new IntegerState();
            stack[i].setValue(val);
        }
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ public final class IntegerStateStack extends IntegerState implements CowStateSta
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class LightModelStateStack extends LightModelState implements CowSt
    public LightModelStateStack(int id) {
        super();
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new LightModelState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new LightModelState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new LightModelState();
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class LightModelStateStack extends LightModelState implements CowSt
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class LightStateStack extends LightState implements CowStateStack<L
    public LightStateStack(int light, int id) {
        super(light);
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new LightState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new LightState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new LightState(light);
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class LightStateStack extends LightState implements CowStateStack<L
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class LineStateStack extends LineState implements CowStateStack<Lin

    public LineStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new LineState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new LineState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new LineState();
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class LineStateStack extends LineState implements CowStateStack<Lin
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class MaterialStateStack extends MaterialState implements CowStateS
    public MaterialStateStack(int face, int id) {
        super(face);
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new MaterialState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new MaterialState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new MaterialState(face);
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class MaterialStateStack extends MaterialState implements CowStateS
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ public final class MatrixModeStack extends MatrixMode implements CowStateStack<M

    public MatrixModeStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new MatrixMode[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new MatrixMode[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new MatrixMode();
        }
    }
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ public final class MatrixModeStack extends MatrixMode implements CowStateStack<M
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class PointStateStack extends PointState implements CowStateStack<P

    public PointStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new PointState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new PointState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new PointState();
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class PointStateStack extends PointState implements CowStateStack<P
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class PolygonStateStack extends PolygonState implements CowStateSta

    public PolygonStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new PolygonState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new PolygonState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new PolygonState();
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class PolygonStateStack extends PolygonState implements CowStateSta
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks;
+
+public final class RetainedState {
+    public int[] ids = new int[64];
+    public int count;
+    public int program;
+    public long programGen;
+
+    public void ensureCapacity(int capacity) {
+        if (ids.length < capacity) ids = new int[capacity];
+    }
+}
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class ScissorStateStack extends ScissorState implements CowStateSta

    public ScissorStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new ScissorState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new ScissorState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new ScissorState();
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class ScissorStateStack extends ScissorState implements CowStateSta
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class StencilStateStack extends StencilState implements CowStateSta

    public StencilStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new StencilState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new StencilState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new StencilState();
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class StencilStateStack extends StencilState implements CowStateSta
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ public final class TextureBindingStack extends TextureBinding implements CowStat
    public TextureBindingStack(int id, int unit) {
        cow = new CowDepths(StateSet.R_TEXTURE, unit);
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new TextureBinding[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new TextureBinding[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new TextureBinding();
        }
    }
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ public final class TextureBindingStack extends TextureBinding implements CowStat
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public final class Vec3fStack implements CowStateStack<Vec3fStack> {
    public Vec3fStack(Vector3f value, int id) {
        this.value = value;
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new float[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH][3];
+        stack = new float[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS][3];
    }

    @Override
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ public final class Vec3fStack implements CowStateStack<Vec3fStack> {
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return value.x != stack[slot][0] || value.y != stack[slot][1] || value.z != stack[slot][2];
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s][0] = value.x;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public final class Vec4fStack implements CowStateStack<Vec4fStack> {
    public Vec4fStack(Vector4f value, int id) {
        this.value = value;
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new float[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH][4];
+        stack = new float[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS][4];
    }

    @Override
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ public final class Vec4fStack implements CowStateStack<Vec4fStack> {
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return value.x != stack[slot][0] || value.y != stack[slot][1] || value.z != stack[slot][2] || value.w != stack[slot][3];
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s][0] = value.x;
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class ViewPortStateStack extends ViewportState implements CowStateS

    public ViewPortStateStack(int id) {
        cow.id = id;
-        stack = new ViewportState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+        stack = new ViewportState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
            stack[i] = new ViewportState();
        }
    }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ public final class ViewPortStateStack extends ViewportState implements CowStateS
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].set(this);
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
+
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
+public record PixelStoreState(
+    int alignment,
+    int rowLength,
+    int skipRows,
+    int skipPixels,
+    int imageHeight,
+    int skipImages,
+    boolean swapBytes,
+    boolean lsbFirst
+) {
+    public static final PixelStoreState DEFAULT = new PixelStoreState(4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false);
+
+    public boolean isDefault() {
+        return this.equals(DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isPack(int pname) {
+        return switch (pname) {
+            case GL11.GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, GL11.GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_ROWS, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_PIXELS,
+                 GL12.GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, GL12.GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES, GL11.GL_PACK_SWAP_BYTES, GL11.GL_PACK_LSB_FIRST -> true;
+            default -> false;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public PixelStoreState with(int pname, int param) {
+        return switch (pname) {
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, GL11.GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT -> (param == alignment || (param != 1 && param != 2 && param != 4 && param != 8)) ? this : new PixelStoreState(param, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, GL11.GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH -> (param == rowLength || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, param, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_ROWS -> (param == skipRows || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, param, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_PIXELS -> (param == skipPixels || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, param, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, GL12.GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT -> (param == imageHeight || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, param, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, GL12.GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES -> (param == skipImages || param < 0) ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, param, swapBytes, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, GL11.GL_PACK_SWAP_BYTES -> (param != 0) == swapBytes ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, param != 0, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, GL11.GL_PACK_LSB_FIRST -> (param != 0) == lsbFirst ? this : new PixelStoreState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, param != 0);
+            default -> this;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static void applyDiff(PixelStoreState from, PixelStoreState to, boolean pack) {
+        if (from == to) return;
+        if (from.alignment != to.alignment) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT : GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, to.alignment);
+        if (from.rowLength != to.rowLength) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH : GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, to.rowLength);
+        if (from.skipRows != to.skipRows) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_ROWS : GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, to.skipRows);
+        if (from.skipPixels != to.skipPixels) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_SKIP_PIXELS : GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, to.skipPixels);
+        if (from.imageHeight != to.imageHeight) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL12.GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT : GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, to.imageHeight);
+        if (from.skipImages != to.skipImages) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL12.GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES : GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, to.skipImages);
+        if (from.swapBytes != to.swapBytes) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_SWAP_BYTES : GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, to.swapBytes ? 1 : 0);
+        if (from.lsbFirst != to.lsbFirst) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(pack ? GL11.GL_PACK_LSB_FIRST : GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, to.lsbFirst ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+}
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
-
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
-
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
-
-/**
- * Immutable client-side pixel unpack state (glPixelStore UNPACK_* params)
- */
-public record PixelUnpackState(
-    int alignment,
-    int rowLength,
-    int skipRows,
-    int skipPixels,
-    int imageHeight,
-    int skipImages,
-    boolean swapBytes,
-    boolean lsbFirst
-) {
-    public static final PixelUnpackState DEFAULT = new PixelUnpackState(4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false);
-
-    public boolean isDefault() {
-        return this.equals(DEFAULT);
-    }
-
-    public PixelUnpackState with(int pname, int param) {
-        return switch (pname) {
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT -> (param == 1 || param == 2 || param == 4 || param == 8) ? new PixelUnpackState(param, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, param, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, param, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, param, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, param, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, param, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES -> new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, param != 0, lsbFirst);
-            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST -> new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, param != 0);
-            default -> this;
-        };
-    }
-
-    public static void applyDiff(PixelUnpackState from, PixelUnpackState to) {
-        if (from.alignment != to.alignment) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, to.alignment);
-        if (from.rowLength != to.rowLength) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, to.rowLength);
-        if (from.skipRows != to.skipRows) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, to.skipRows);
-        if (from.skipPixels != to.skipPixels) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, to.skipPixels);
-        if (from.imageHeight != to.imageHeight) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, to.imageHeight);
-        if (from.skipImages != to.skipImages) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, to.skipImages);
-        if (from.swapBytes != to.swapBytes) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, to.swapBytes ? 1 : 0);
-        if (from.lsbFirst != to.lsbFirst) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, to.lsbFirst ? 1 : 0);
-    }
-}
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;

 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.Setter;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;

 /**
 * Tracks GL point state: size.
@@ -10,10 +11,24 @@ import lombok.Setter;
@Getter @Setter
 public class PointState implements ISettableState<PointState> {
    private float size = 1.0f;
+    private float minSize = 0.0f;
+    private float maxSize = Float.NaN;
+    private float fadeThreshold = 1.0f;
+    private float attenuationConstant = 1.0f;
+    private float attenuationLinear = 0.0f;
+    private float attenuationQuadratic = 0.0f;
+    private int spriteCoordOrigin = GL20.GL_UPPER_LEFT;

    @Override
    public PointState set(PointState state) {
        this.size = state.size;
+        this.minSize = state.minSize;
+        this.maxSize = state.maxSize;
+        this.fadeThreshold = state.fadeThreshold;
+        this.attenuationConstant = state.attenuationConstant;
+        this.attenuationLinear = state.attenuationLinear;
+        this.attenuationQuadratic = state.attenuationQuadratic;
+        this.spriteCoordOrigin = state.spriteCoordOrigin;
        return this;
    }

@@ -21,7 +36,14 @@ public class PointState implements ISettableState<PointState> {
    public boolean sameAs(Object state) {
        if (this == state) return true;
        if (!(state instanceof PointState pointState)) return false;
-        return Float.compare(size, pointState.size) == 0;
+        return Float.compare(size, pointState.size) == 0
+            && Float.compare(minSize, pointState.minSize) == 0
+            && Float.compare(maxSize, pointState.maxSize) == 0
+            && Float.compare(fadeThreshold, pointState.fadeThreshold) == 0
+            && Float.compare(attenuationConstant, pointState.attenuationConstant) == 0
+            && Float.compare(attenuationLinear, pointState.attenuationLinear) == 0
+            && Float.compare(attenuationQuadratic, pointState.attenuationQuadratic) == 0
+            && spriteCoordOrigin == pointState.spriteCoordOrigin;
    }

    @Override
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.CowStateStack;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;

+import java.util.Arrays;
+
 /**
 * Per-texture-unit GL_TEXTURE_ENV state for FFP emulation. Tracks the simple texenv mode and all GL_COMBINE sub-parameters.
 */
@@ -45,8 +47,8 @@ public final class TexEnvState implements CowStateStack<TexEnvState> {
            stack = null;
            cow = null;
        } else {
-            stack = new TexEnvState[GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH];
-            for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH; i++) {
+            stack = new TexEnvState[GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS];
+            for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.STATE_SLOTS; i++) {
                stack[i] = new TexEnvState(true);
            }
            cow = new CowDepths();
@@ -70,6 +72,14 @@ public final class TexEnvState implements CowStateStack<TexEnvState> {
        this.envColorA = other.envColorA;
    }

+    private boolean sameAs(TexEnvState other) {
+        return mode == other.mode && combineRgb == other.combineRgb && combineAlpha == other.combineAlpha
+            && Arrays.equals(sourceRgb, other.sourceRgb) && Arrays.equals(sourceAlpha, other.sourceAlpha)
+            && Arrays.equals(operandRgb, other.operandRgb) && Arrays.equals(operandAlpha, other.operandAlpha)
+            && scaleRgb == other.scaleRgb && scaleAlpha == other.scaleAlpha
+            && envColorR == other.envColorR && envColorG == other.envColorG && envColorB == other.envColorB && envColorA == other.envColorA;
+    }
+
    public void reset() {
        mode = GL11.GL_MODULATE;
        combineRgb = GL11.GL_MODULATE;
@@ -89,6 +99,11 @@ public final class TexEnvState implements CowStateStack<TexEnvState> {
        return cow;
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean slotChanged(int slot) {
+        return !sameAs(stack[slot]);
+    }
+
    @Override
    public void captureSlot(int s) {
        stack[s].copyFrom(this);
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 import org.joml.Matrix4fStack;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;

 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] states;
    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texture1DStates;
    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texture3DStates;
+    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] textureCubeMapStates;
    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texGenSStates;
    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texGenTStates;
    private final TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[] texGenRStates;
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
        states = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
        texture1DStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
        texture3DStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
+        textureCubeMapStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
        texGenSStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
        texGenTStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
        texGenRStates = new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack[GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS];
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
            states[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, i));
            texture1DStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_1D, i));
            texture3DStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D, i));
+            textureCubeMapStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, i));
            texGenSStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S, i));
            texGenTStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T, i));
            texGenRStates[i] = track(new TextureUnitBooleanStateStack(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R, i));
@@ -90,6 +94,10 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
        return texture3DStates[index];
    }

+    public TextureUnitBooleanStateStack getTextureCubeMapStates(int index) {
+        return textureCubeMapStates[index];
+    }
+
    public TextureUnitBooleanStateStack getTexGenSStates(int index) {
        return texGenSStates[index];
    }
@@ -127,6 +135,7 @@ public class TextureUnitArray {
            if (!states[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.states[i])) return false;
            if (!texture1DStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texture1DStates[i])) return false;
            if (!texture3DStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texture3DStates[i])) return false;
+            if (!textureCubeMapStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.textureCubeMapStates[i])) return false;
            if (!texGenSStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texGenSStates[i])) return false;
            if (!texGenTStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texGenTStates[i])) return false;
            if (!texGenRStates[i].sameAs(textureUnitArray.texGenRStates[i])) return false;
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.streaming;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memCopy;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetFloat;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutFloat;
+
+/**
+ * Rewrites line primitives as quads for shaders that widen lines in the vertex stage.
+ */
+public final class LineQuads {
+
+    public static final int VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT = 6;
+
+    private static final VertexFormatElement NORMAL_SLOT = new VertexFormatElement(0, VertexFormatElement.Type.FLOAT,
+        VertexFormatElement.Usage.NORMAL, 3, VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT, DefaultVertexFormat.NORMAL_ELEMENT.getWriter());
+
+    private static final VertexFormat[] QUAD_FORMATS = new VertexFormat[VertexFlags.BITSET_SIZE];
+    private static final int[][] SOURCE_OFFSETS = new int[VertexFlags.BITSET_SIZE][];
+
+    static {
+        for (int flags = 0; flags < QUAD_FORMATS.length; flags++) {
+            if ((flags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) == 0) continue;
+            final VertexFormatElement[] elements = DefaultVertexFormat.ALL_FORMATS[flags].elementsArray.clone();
+            for (int i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+                if (elements[i] == DefaultVertexFormat.NORMAL_ELEMENT) elements[i] = NORMAL_SLOT;
+            }
+            QUAD_FORMATS[flags] = new VertexFormat(elements);
+        }
+        for (int flags = 0; flags < SOURCE_OFFSETS.length; flags++) {
+            final VertexFormatElement[] quadElements = QUAD_FORMATS[flags | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT].elementsArray;
+            final int[] offsets = new int[quadElements.length];
+            for (int i = 0; i < quadElements.length; i++) {
+                offsets[i] = offsetOf(DefaultVertexFormat.ALL_FORMATS[flags], quadElements[i]);
+            }
+            SOURCE_OFFSETS[flags] = offsets;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private LineQuads() {}
+
+    public static boolean isLineMode(int drawMode) {
+        return drawMode == GL11.GL_LINES || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_STRIP || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP;
+    }
+
+    public static int segmentCount(int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
+        return switch (drawMode) {
+            case GL11.GL_LINES -> vertexCount / 2;
+            case GL11.GL_LINE_STRIP -> Math.max(0, vertexCount - 1);
+            case GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP -> vertexCount < 2 ? 0 : vertexCount;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static boolean disableCulling() {
+        final boolean wasEnabled = GLStateManager.getCullState().isEnabled();
+        if (wasEnabled) {
+            GLStateManager.disableCull();
+        }
+        return wasEnabled;
+    }
+
+    public static void restoreCulling(boolean wasEnabled) {
+        if (wasEnabled) {
+            GLStateManager.enableCull();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static VertexFormat quadFormat(VertexFormat lineFormat) {
+        return QUAD_FORMATS[lineFormat.getVertexFlags() | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT];
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isQuadFormat(VertexFormat format) {
+        return QUAD_FORMATS[format.getVertexFlags()] == format;
+    }
+
+    public static void expandWithDirection(long src, VertexFormat srcFormat, int drawMode, int vertexCount, long dst) {
+        expand(src, srcFormat, drawMode, vertexCount, dst, false);
+    }
+
+    public static void expandWithOtherEnd(long src, VertexFormat srcFormat, int drawMode, int vertexCount, long dst) {
+        expand(src, srcFormat, drawMode, vertexCount, dst, true);
+    }
+
+    private static void expand(long src, VertexFormat srcFormat, int drawMode, int vertexCount, long dst, boolean otherEnd) {
+        final VertexFormatElement[] dstElements = quadFormat(srcFormat).elementsArray;
+        final int[] srcOffsets = SOURCE_OFFSETS[srcFormat.getVertexFlags()];
+        final int srcStride = srcFormat.getVertexSize();
+        final int segments = segmentCount(drawMode, vertexCount);
+        long out = dst;
+        for (int s = 0; s < segments; s++) {
+            final int a = drawMode == GL11.GL_LINES ? s * 2 : s;
+            final int b = drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP && s == vertexCount - 1 ? 0 : a + 1;
+            final long srcA = src + (long) a * srcStride;
+            final long srcB = src + (long) b * srcStride;
+            // What A's and B's corners carry in the normal slot
+            final float ax, ay, az, bx, by, bz;
+            if (otherEnd) {
+                ax = memGetFloat(srcB); ay = memGetFloat(srcB + 4); az = memGetFloat(srcB + 8);
+                bx = memGetFloat(srcA); by = memGetFloat(srcA + 4); bz = memGetFloat(srcA + 8);
+            } else {
+                final float x = memGetFloat(srcB) - memGetFloat(srcA);
+                final float y = memGetFloat(srcB + 4) - memGetFloat(srcA + 4);
+                final float z = memGetFloat(srcB + 8) - memGetFloat(srcA + 8);
+                final float lengthSquared = x * x + y * y + z * z;
+                final float scale = lengthSquared == 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f / (float) Math.sqrt(lengthSquared);
+                ax = bx = x * scale;
+                ay = by = y * scale;
+                az = bz = z * scale;
+            }
+
+            out = writeVertex(srcA, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, ax, ay, az);
+            out = writeVertex(srcA, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, ax, ay, az);
+            out = writeVertex(srcB, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, bx, by, bz);
+            out = writeVertex(srcA, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, ax, ay, az);
+            out = writeVertex(srcB, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, bx, by, bz);
+            out = writeVertex(srcB, out, dstElements, srcOffsets, bx, by, bz);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static long writeVertex(long src, long dst, VertexFormatElement[] dstElements, int[] srcOffsets, float x, float y, float z) {
+        long out = dst;
+        for (int i = 0; i < dstElements.length; i++) {
+            final VertexFormatElement element = dstElements[i];
+            final int size = element.getByteSize();
+            if (element == NORMAL_SLOT) {
+                memPutFloat(out, x);
+                memPutFloat(out + 4, y);
+                memPutFloat(out + 8, z);
+            } else {
+                memCopy(src + srcOffsets[i], out, size);
+            }
+            out += size;
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    private static int offsetOf(VertexFormat format, VertexFormatElement element) {
+        int offset = 0;
+        for (VertexFormatElement candidate : format.elementsArray) {
+            if (candidate == element) {
+                return offset;
+            }
+            offset += candidate.getByteSize();
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
@@ -10,4 +10,7 @@ public final class StreamingVaos {

    final int[] extendedPersistentVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
    final int[] extendedOrphanVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
+
+    final int[] lineQuadPersistentVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
+    final int[] lineQuadOrphanVAOs = new int[FORMAT_COUNT];
 }
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.LineDrawHandler;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.profiling.Tracy;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Tessellator;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
    private static long repackAddress;
    private static int repackCapacity;

+    private static ByteBuffer lineQuadBuffer;
+    private static long lineQuadAddress;
+    private static int lineQuadCapacity;
+
    private static boolean initialized = false;

    // Tracy profiling counters
@@ -315,12 +320,18 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
     * Tries the persistent ring buffer first, falls back to orphan buffer on overflow.
     */
    private static void uploadAndDraw(ByteBuffer packed, int flags, VertexFormat format, int vertexSize, int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
+        if (LineQuads.isLineMode(drawMode) && drawLinesAsQuads(packed, format, drawMode, vertexCount)) {
+            return;
+        }
        Tracy.beginZone(Z_SDL_STREAM_DRAW);
        final boolean locked = GLStateManager.acquireDrawLock();
        try {
            final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
            final StreamingVaos vaos = glCtx.streamingVaos;
-            ensureVAO(vaos, flags, format);
+            final boolean lineQuads = LineQuads.isQuadFormat(format);
+            final int[] persistentVAOs = lineQuads ? vaos.lineQuadPersistentVAOs : vaos.persistentVAOs;
+            final int[] orphanVAOs = lineQuads ? vaos.lineQuadOrphanVAOs : vaos.orphanVAOs;
+            ensureVAO(persistentVAOs, orphanVAOs, flags, format);

            if (Tracy.ENABLED) {
                streamedBytes += packed.remaining();
@@ -330,15 +341,16 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
            int firstVertex = -1;

            if (persistentBuffer != null) {
-                firstVertex = persistentBuffer.upload(packed, vertexSize, drawMode == GL11.GL_QUADS ? 4 : 1);
+                final int alignment = drawMode == GL11.GL_QUADS ? 4 : lineQuads ? LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT : 1;
+                firstVertex = persistentBuffer.upload(packed, vertexSize, alignment);
            }

            final boolean fromRing = firstVertex >= 0;
            if (fromRing) {
-                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.persistentVAOs[flags]);
+                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(persistentVAOs[flags]);
            } else {
                if (Tracy.ENABLED && persistentBuffer != null) orphanFallbacks++;
-                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaos.orphanVAOs[flags]);
+                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(orphanVAOs[flags]);
                orphanBuffers[flags].upload(packed);
                firstVertex = 0;
            }
@@ -357,6 +369,72 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
        }
    }

+    private static boolean drawLinesAsQuads(ByteBuffer packed, VertexFormat format, int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
+        final int segments = LineQuads.segmentCount(drawMode, vertexCount);
+        if (segments == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final LineDrawHandler handler = GLSMHooks.lineDrawHandler;
+        if (handler != null && handler.bindLineProgram()) {
+            try {
+                drawLineQuads(packed, format, drawMode, vertexCount, segments, false);
+            } finally {
+                handler.restoreProgram();
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (GLStateManager.ffpWidensLineQuads()) {
+            final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
+            glCtx.lineQuadsActive = true;
+            try {
+                drawLineQuads(packed, format, drawMode, vertexCount, segments, true);
+            } finally {
+                glCtx.lineQuadsActive = false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static void drawLineQuads(ByteBuffer packed, VertexFormat format, int drawMode, int vertexCount, int segments, boolean otherEnd) {
+        final VertexFormat quadFormat = LineQuads.quadFormat(format);
+        final int quadVertices = segments * LineQuads.VERTICES_PER_SEGMENT;
+        final int quadBytes = quadVertices * quadFormat.getVertexSize();
+        ensureLineQuadCapacity(quadBytes);
+        final long src = memAddress0(packed) + packed.position();
+        if (otherEnd) {
+            LineQuads.expandWithOtherEnd(src, format, drawMode, vertexCount, lineQuadAddress);
+        } else {
+            LineQuads.expandWithDirection(src, format, drawMode, vertexCount, lineQuadAddress);
+        }
+        lineQuadBuffer.position(0);
+        lineQuadBuffer.limit(quadBytes);
+        final boolean culled = LineQuads.disableCulling();
+        try {
+            uploadAndDraw(lineQuadBuffer, quadFormat.getVertexFlags(), quadFormat, quadFormat.getVertexSize(), GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, quadVertices);
+        } finally {
+            LineQuads.restoreCulling(culled);
+        }
+        if (lineQuadCapacity > 0x20000 && quadBytes < (lineQuadCapacity >> 3)) {
+            memFree(lineQuadBuffer);
+            lineQuadBuffer = null;
+            lineQuadCapacity = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureLineQuadCapacity(int requiredBytes) {
+        if (lineQuadBuffer != null && requiredBytes <= lineQuadCapacity) return;
+
+        int newCapacity = Math.max(0x4000, lineQuadCapacity);
+        while (newCapacity < requiredBytes) {
+            newCapacity *= 2;
+        }
+        if (lineQuadBuffer != null) memFree(lineQuadBuffer);
+        lineQuadBuffer = memAlloc(newCapacity);
+        lineQuadAddress = memAddress0(lineQuadBuffer);
+        lineQuadCapacity = newCapacity;
+    }
+
    public static long ringWraps() {
        return persistentBuffer == null ? 0L : persistentBuffer.getWraps();
    }
@@ -377,7 +455,7 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
    private static void uploadAndDrawExtended(ByteBuffer combined, int flags, VertexFormat format, int combinedStride, int drawMode, int vertexCount) {
        final GLContextState glCtx = GLStateManager.ctx();
        final StreamingVaos vaos = glCtx.streamingVaos;
-        ensureVAO(vaos, flags, format);
+        ensureVAO(vaos.persistentVAOs, vaos.orphanVAOs, flags, format);
        ensureExtendedVAOs(vaos, flags, format);

        int firstVertex = -1;
@@ -480,11 +558,9 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
        return repackBuffer;
    }

-    private static void ensureVAO(StreamingVaos vaos, int flags, VertexFormat format) {
+    private static void ensureVAO(int[] persistentVAOs, int[] orphanVAOs, int flags, VertexFormat format) {
        init();
        if (orphanBuffers[flags] == null) orphanBuffers[flags] = new OrphanStreamingBuffer();
-        final int[] orphanVAOs = vaos.orphanVAOs;
-        final int[] persistentVAOs = vaos.persistentVAOs;

        if (orphanVAOs[flags] == 0) {
            orphanVAOs[flags] = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;

 public final class AngelicaWorkers {
@@ -153,6 +155,51 @@ public final class AngelicaWorkers {
        }
    }

+    /**
+     * Runs every task and returns the results in task order.
+     */
+    public static <T> List<T> invokeAll(List<? extends Supplier<? extends T>> tasks) {
+        final int count = tasks.size();
+        final Object[] results = new Object[count];
+        if (count == 0) return new ArrayList<>();
+        final AtomicInteger next = new AtomicInteger();
+        final CountDownLatch finished = new CountDownLatch(count);
+        final AtomicReference<Throwable> failure = new AtomicReference<>();
+        final Runnable drain = () -> {
+            int i;
+            while ((i = next.getAndIncrement()) < count) {
+                try {
+                    results[i] = tasks.get(i).get();
+                } catch (Throwable t) {
+                    failure.compareAndSet(null, t);
+                } finally {
+                    finished.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        final int helpers = Math.min(threads(), count - 1);
+        for (int h = 0; h < helpers; h++) {
+            run(drain);
+        }
+        drain.run();
+        try {
+            finished.await();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Interrupted waiting for worker tasks", e);
+        }
+        final Throwable t = failure.get();
+        if (t instanceof RuntimeException re) throw re;
+        if (t instanceof Error err) throw err;
+        if (t != null) throw new IllegalStateException(t);
+        final List<T> out = new ArrayList<>(count);
+        for (Object result : results) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final T typed = (T) result;
+            out.add(typed);
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
    private static void checkIdleShutdown() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            final ExecutorService current = executor;
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;

 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
@@ -14,29 +13,6 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
@GLCoreTest
 class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {

-    private static int compile(int type, String src) {
-        final int s = GL20.glCreateShader(type);
-        GL20.glShaderSource(s, src);
-        GL20.glCompileShader(s);
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, GL20.glGetShaderi(s, GL20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS), () -> "shader compile failed: " + GL20.glGetShaderInfoLog(s, 4096));
-        return s;
-    }
-
-    private static int link(String vs, String fs) {
-        final int v = compile(GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vs);
-        final int f = compile(GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fs);
-        final int p = GL20.glCreateProgram();
-        GL20.glAttachShader(p, v);
-        GL20.glAttachShader(p, f);
-        GL20.glLinkProgram(p);
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, GL20.glGetProgrami(p, GL20.GL_LINK_STATUS), () -> "link failed: " + GL20.glGetProgramInfoLog(p, 4096));
-        GL20.glDeleteShader(v);
-        GL20.glDeleteShader(f);
-        return p;
-    }
-
-    private static final String VS = "#version 330 core\nvoid main(){ gl_Position = vec4(0.0); }\n";
-
    @Test
    void glUniform2FloatBufferUploadsWholeArray() {
        // Runtime index keeps the whole array active so element locations stay queryable.
@@ -45,7 +21,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
            + "uniform int idx;\n"
            + "out vec4 o;\n"
            + "void main(){ o = vec4(cosmicuvs[idx], cosmicuvs[(idx+1)%10]); }\n";
-        final int p = link(VS, fs);
+        final int p = GlTestSupport.program(GlTestSupport.TRIVIAL_VS, fs);
        try {
            GL20.glUseProgram(p);

@@ -66,7 +42,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
            }
        } finally {
            GL20.glUseProgram(0);
-            GL20.glDeleteProgram(p);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteProgram(p);
        }
    }

@@ -77,7 +53,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
            + "uniform int idx;\n"
            + "out vec4 o;\n"
            + "void main(){ o = vec4(float(vals[idx])); }\n";
-        final int p = link(VS, fs);
+        final int p = GlTestSupport.program(GlTestSupport.TRIVIAL_VS, fs);
        try {
            GL20.glUseProgram(p);

@@ -96,7 +72,7 @@ class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
            }
        } finally {
            GL20.glUseProgram(0);
-            GL20.glDeleteProgram(p);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteProgram(p);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -5,30 +5,24 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

 class CaptureGateTest {

-    @Test
-    void gateOffWhenNothingAttached() {
-        assertFalse(CaptureGate.gateValue(false, false, false));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void gateOnWhenForced() {
-        assertTrue(CaptureGate.gateValue(true, false, false));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void gateOnWhenToolAttached() {
-        assertTrue(CaptureGate.gateValue(false, true, false));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void gateOnWhenTracyConnected() {
-        assertTrue(CaptureGate.gateValue(false, false, true));
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @CsvSource({
+        "nothing attached, false, false, false, false",
+        "forced, true, false, false, true",
+        "tool attached, false, true, false, true",
+        "tracy connected, false, false, true, true"
+    })
+    void gateIsOnWhenAnySourceIs(String name, boolean forced, boolean toolAttached, boolean tracyConnected, boolean expected) {
+        assertEquals(expected, CaptureGate.gateValue(forced, toolAttached, tracyConnected));
    }

    @Test
@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.Reflect;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;

 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
@@ -17,66 +20,104 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

 class CompatShaderTransformerTest {

-    @Test
-    void testModelViewMatrixReplacement() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                vec4 pos = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-                gl_Position = gl_ProjectionMatrix * pos;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_ModelViewMatrix"));
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_ProjectionMatrix"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_ModelViewMatrix"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_ProjectionMatrix"));
-        assertTrue(result.contains("#version 330 core"));
+    private static String[] strings(String... values) {
+        return values;
    }

-    @Test
-    void testNormalMatrixReplacement() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                vec3 n = gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("uniform mat3 angelica_NormalMatrix"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_NormalMatrix"));
+    private static void assertRewrite(boolean fragment, String src, String[] present, String[] absent) {
+        final String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, fragment);
+        for (final String s : present) {
+            assertTrue(result.contains(s), () -> "expected '" + s + "' in\n\n" + result);
+        }
+        for (final String s : absent) {
+            assertFalse(result.contains(s), () -> "'" + s + "' must not remain in\n\n" + result);
+        }
    }

-    @Test
-    void testModelViewProjectionMatrixExpression() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix"));
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_ProjectionMatrix"));
+    static Stream<Arguments> matrixBuiltins() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("modelview and projection matrices", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    vec4 pos = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ProjectionMatrix * pos;
+                }
+                """, strings("angelica_ModelViewMatrix", "angelica_ProjectionMatrix", "#version 330 core"), strings("gl_ModelViewMatrix", "gl_ProjectionMatrix")),
+            Arguments.of("normal matrix", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    vec3 n = gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal;
+                }
+                """, strings("uniform mat3 angelica_NormalMatrix"), strings("gl_NormalMatrix")),
+            Arguments.of("modelview-projection matrix", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("angelica_ProjectionMatrix"), strings("gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix")),
+            Arguments.of("inverse matrices", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    vec4 pos = gl_ModelViewMatrixInverse * vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+                    vec4 proj = gl_ProjectionMatrixInverse * vec4(0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+                }
+                """, strings(), strings("gl_ModelViewMatrixInverse", "gl_ProjectionMatrixInverse")),
+            Arguments.of("texture matrix", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    vec4 lmCoord = gl_TextureMatrix[1] * gl_MultiTexCoord1;
+                }
+                """, strings(), strings("gl_TextureMatrix")),
+            Arguments.of("several builtins in one fragment shader", true, """
+                #version 120
+                uniform sampler2D tex;
+                void main() {
+                    vec3 n = gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal;
+                    vec4 pos = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ProjectionMatrix * pos;
+                    vec4 color = texture2D(tex, vec2(0.0));
+                    gl_FragColor = color;
+                }
+                """, strings("angelica_ModelViewMatrix", "angelica_ProjectionMatrix", "angelica_NormalMatrix", "#version 330 core"), strings("gl_ModelViewMatrix", "gl_ProjectionMatrix", "gl_NormalMatrix", "texture2D", "gl_FragColor")));
    }

-    @Test
-    void testTextureFunctionRenames() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            uniform sampler2D tex;
-            void main() {
-                vec4 color = texture2D(tex, vec2(0.0));
-            }
-            """;
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("matrixBuiltins")
+    void matrixBuiltinsAreRewritten(String name, boolean fragment, String src, String[] present, String[] absent) {
+        assertRewrite(fragment, src, present, absent);
+    }

-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        // texture2D -> texture
-        assertFalse(result.contains("texture2D"));
-        assertTrue(result.contains("texture"));
+    static Stream<Arguments> textureFunctions() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("texture2D", false, """
+                #version 120
+                uniform sampler2D tex;
+                void main() {
+                    vec4 color = texture2D(tex, vec2(0.0));
+                }
+                """, strings("texture"), strings("texture2D")),
+            Arguments.of("shadow2D", true, """
+                #version 120
+                uniform sampler2DShadow shadowMap;
+                void main() {
+                    float s = shadow2D(shadowMap, vec3(0.0)).r;
+                    gl_FragColor = vec4(s);
+                }
+                """, strings("texture"), strings("shadow2D(")),
+            Arguments.of("texelFetch3D", true, """
+                #version 120
+                uniform sampler3D vol;
+                void main() {
+                    vec4 v = texelFetch3D(vol, ivec3(0), 0);
+                    gl_FragColor = v;
+                }
+                """, strings("texelFetch"), strings("texelFetch3D")));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("textureFunctions")
+    void legacyTextureFunctionsAreRenamed(String name, boolean fragment, String src, String[] present, String[] absent) {
+        assertRewrite(fragment, src, present, absent);
    }

    @Test
@@ -95,32 +136,26 @@ class CompatShaderTransformerTest {
        assertTrue(result.contains("layout"));
    }

-    @Test
-    void testVersionUpgradeTo330() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 110
-            void main() {
-                gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0);
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, true);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("#version 330 core"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("#version 110"));
+    static Stream<Arguments> versionDirectives() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("110 becomes 330 core", true, """
+                #version 110
+                void main() {
+                    gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0);
+                }
+                """, strings("#version 330 core"), strings("#version 110")),
+            Arguments.of("compatibility profile is stripped", false, """
+                #version 330 compatibility
+                void main() {
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("#version 330 core"), strings("compatibility")));
    }

-    @Test
-    void testCompatibilityProfileStripped() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 330 compatibility
-            void main() {
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("#version 330 core"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("compatibility"));
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("versionDirectives")
+    void versionIsUpgradedToCore(String name, boolean fragment, String src, String[] present, String[] absent) {
+        assertRewrite(fragment, src, present, absent);
    }

    @Test
@@ -139,60 +174,6 @@ class CompatShaderTransformerTest {
        assertEquals(src, result);
    }

-    @Test
-    void testCombinedBuiltinsInSingleShader() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            uniform sampler2D tex;
-            void main() {
-                vec3 n = gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal;
-                vec4 pos = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-                gl_Position = gl_ProjectionMatrix * pos;
-                vec4 color = texture2D(tex, vec2(0.0));
-                gl_FragColor = color;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, true);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_ModelViewMatrix"));
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_ProjectionMatrix"));
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_NormalMatrix"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_ModelViewMatrix"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_ProjectionMatrix"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_NormalMatrix"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("texture2D"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_FragColor"));
-        assertTrue(result.contains("#version 330 core"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testInverseMatrixReplacement() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                vec4 pos = gl_ModelViewMatrixInverse * vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
-                vec4 proj = gl_ProjectionMatrixInverse * vec4(0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 1.0);
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_ModelViewMatrixInverse"));
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_ProjectionMatrixInverse"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testTextureMatrixReplacement() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                vec4 lmCoord = gl_TextureMatrix[1] * gl_MultiTexCoord1;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_TextureMatrix"));
-    }
-
    @Test
    void testFogStructAccess() {
        String src = """
@@ -211,34 +192,27 @@ class CompatShaderTransformerTest {
        assertTrue(result.contains("uniform vec4 angelica_FogColor"), "Fog color uniform should be injected");
    }

-    @Test
-    void testFogFragCoordVertex() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                gl_FogFragCoord = length(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("out float angelica_FogFragCoord"), "Vertex shader should get 'out' declaration");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_FogFragCoord"), "gl_FogFragCoord should be renamed");
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_FogFragCoord"), "gl_FogFragCoord should not remain");
+    static Stream<Arguments> fogFragCoord() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("vertex shader declares an out", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    gl_FogFragCoord = length(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
+                }
+                """, strings("out float angelica_FogFragCoord"), strings("gl_FogFragCoord")),
+            Arguments.of("fragment shader declares an in", true, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    float f = gl_FogFragCoord;
+                    gl_FragColor = vec4(f);
+                }
+                """, strings("in float angelica_FogFragCoord"), strings("gl_FogFragCoord")));
    }

-    @Test
-    void testFogFragCoordFragment() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                float f = gl_FogFragCoord;
-                gl_FragColor = vec4(f);
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, true);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("in float angelica_FogFragCoord"), "Fragment shader should get 'in' declaration");
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_FogFragCoord"), "gl_FogFragCoord should not remain");
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("fogFragCoord")
+    void fogFragCoordBecomesAVarying(String name, boolean fragment, String src, String[] present, String[] absent) {
+        assertRewrite(fragment, src, present, absent);
    }

    @Test
@@ -255,23 +229,6 @@ class CompatShaderTransformerTest {
        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_FrontColor"), "gl_FrontColor should not remain");
    }

-    @Test
-    void testShadow2DRename() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            uniform sampler2DShadow shadowMap;
-            void main() {
-                float s = shadow2D(shadowMap, vec3(0.0)).r;
-                gl_FragColor = vec4(s);
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, true);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("shadow2D("), "shadow2D should be renamed");
-        // shadow2D -> texture with vec4 wrapping
-        assertTrue(result.contains("texture"), "shadow2D should be renamed to texture");
-    }
-
    @Test
    void testReservedWordTextureAsVariable() {
        // Shader declares 'texture' as a sampler variable - this is valid in GLSL 120
@@ -321,155 +278,81 @@ class CompatShaderTransformerTest {
            "Alpha test discard should be appended to main()");
    }

-    @Test
-    void testTexelFetch3DTriggersTransformation() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            uniform sampler3D vol;
-            void main() {
-                vec4 v = texelFetch3D(vol, ivec3(0), 0);
-                gl_FragColor = v;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, true);
-        // texelFetch3D should be renamed to texelFetch
-        assertFalse(result.contains("texelFetch3D"), "texelFetch3D should be renamed");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("texelFetch"), "texelFetch3D should become texelFetch");
+    static Stream<Arguments> vertexAttributes() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("gl_Vertex at location 0", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("in vec4 angelica_Vertex", "location = 0"), strings("gl_Vertex")),
+            Arguments.of("gl_Color at location 1", false, """
+                #version 120
+                varying vec4 v_Color;
+                void main() {
+                    v_Color = gl_Color;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("in vec4 angelica_Color", "location = 1"), strings("gl_Color")),
+            Arguments.of("gl_MultiTexCoord0 at location 2", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("in vec4 angelica_MultiTexCoord0", "location = 2"), strings("gl_MultiTexCoord0")),
+            Arguments.of("gl_MultiTexCoord1 at location 3", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    vec4 lm = gl_TextureMatrix[1] * gl_MultiTexCoord1;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("angelica_MultiTexCoord1", "location = 3"), strings("gl_MultiTexCoord1")),
+            Arguments.of("gl_Normal at location 4", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    vec3 n = gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("in vec3 angelica_Normal", "location = 4"), strings("gl_Normal")));
    }

-    @Test
-    void testVertexAttributeGlVertex() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_Vertex"), "gl_Vertex should be replaced");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_Vertex"), "should become angelica_Vertex");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("in vec4 angelica_Vertex"), "should have in declaration");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("location = 0"), "should use attribute location 0");
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("vertexAttributes")
+    void vertexAttributeBuiltinsGetFixedLocations(String name, boolean fragment, String src, String[] present, String[] absent) {
+        assertRewrite(fragment, src, present, absent);
    }

-    @Test
-    void testVertexAttributeGlColorInVertexShader() {
-        // gl_Color in a vertex shader is the per-vertex color attribute, not the fragment varying
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            varying vec4 v_Color;
-            void main() {
-                v_Color = gl_Color;
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_Color"), "gl_Color -> angelica_Color (vertex attribute)");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("in vec4 angelica_Color"), "should have in declaration");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("location = 1"), "should use attribute location 1");
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_Color"), "gl_Color should not remain");
+    static Stream<Arguments> texCoordVaryings() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("vertex shader declares an out", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("out vec4 angelica_TexCoord0"), strings("gl_TexCoord")),
+            Arguments.of("fragment shader declares an in", true, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    vec2 uv = gl_TexCoord[0].xy;
+                    gl_FragColor = vec4(uv, 0.0, 1.0);
+                }
+                """, strings("in vec4 angelica_TexCoord0"), strings("gl_TexCoord")),
+            Arguments.of("one varying per index", false, """
+                #version 120
+                void main() {
+                    gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
+                    gl_TexCoord[1] = gl_MultiTexCoord1;
+                    gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
+                }
+                """, strings("out vec4 angelica_TexCoord0", "out vec4 angelica_TexCoord1"), strings("gl_TexCoord")));
    }

-    @Test
-    void testVertexAttributeMultiTexCoord0() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_MultiTexCoord0"), "gl_MultiTexCoord0 should be replaced");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_MultiTexCoord0"), "should become angelica_MultiTexCoord0");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("in vec4 angelica_MultiTexCoord0"), "should have in declaration");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("location = 2"), "should use attribute location 2");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testVertexAttributeMultiTexCoord1() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                vec4 lm = gl_TextureMatrix[1] * gl_MultiTexCoord1;
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_MultiTexCoord1"), "gl_MultiTexCoord1 should be replaced");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_MultiTexCoord1"), "should become angelica_MultiTexCoord1");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("location = 3"), "should use attribute location 3");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testVertexAttributeGlNormal() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                vec3 n = gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal;
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_Normal"), "gl_Normal should be replaced");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_Normal"), "should become angelica_Normal");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("in vec3 angelica_Normal"), "should have in vec3 declaration");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("location = 4"), "should use attribute location 4");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testTexCoordVaryingVertexShader() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_TexCoord"), "gl_TexCoord should be replaced");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_TexCoord0"), "should become angelica_TexCoord0");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("out vec4 angelica_TexCoord0"), "vertex shader should have 'out' declaration");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testTexCoordVaryingFragmentShader() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                vec2 uv = gl_TexCoord[0].xy;
-                gl_FragColor = vec4(uv, 0.0, 1.0);
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, true);
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_TexCoord"), "gl_TexCoord should be replaced");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_TexCoord0"), "should become angelica_TexCoord0");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("in vec4 angelica_TexCoord0"), "fragment shader should have 'in' declaration");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testTexCoordMultipleIndices() {
-        String src = """
-            #version 120
-            void main() {
-                gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
-                gl_TexCoord[1] = gl_MultiTexCoord1;
-                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-            }
-            """;
-
-        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
-        assertTrue(result.contains("out vec4 angelica_TexCoord0"), "should have TexCoord0 out");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("out vec4 angelica_TexCoord1"), "should have TexCoord1 out");
-        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_TexCoord"), "no gl_TexCoord should remain");
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("texCoordVaryings")
+    void texCoordBecomesPerIndexVaryings(String name, boolean fragment, String src, String[] present, String[] absent) {
+        assertRewrite(fragment, src, present, absent);
    }

    @Test
@@ -533,7 +416,6 @@ class CompatShaderTransformerTest {
        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
        assertFalse(result.contains("gl_FrontLightModelProduct"), "gl_FrontLightModelProduct should be replaced");
        assertTrue(result.contains("uniform vec4 angelica_SceneColor"), "angelica_SceneColor uniform should be injected");
-        assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_SceneColor"), "should reference angelica_SceneColor");
    }

    @Test
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;

+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlTestSupport.assertMatrixEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
@@ -64,12 +65,6 @@ class DisplayListCompilationParityTest {
        return buf;
    }

-    private static void assertMatrixEquals(FloatBuffer expected, FloatBuffer actual, String message) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-            assertEquals(expected.get(i), actual.get(i), 0.001f, message + " (element " + i + ")");
-        }
-    }
-
    @BeforeEach
    void setup() {
        if (DisplayListManager.isRecording()) {
@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

-import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
-
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlTestSupport.matrix;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
@@ -48,12 +46,6 @@ class DisplayListCompilationTest {
        GLStateManager.glLoadIdentity();
    }

-    private static FloatBuffer matrix(int pname) {
-        final FloatBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
-        GLStateManager.glGetFloat(pname, buf);
-        return buf;
-    }
-
    @Test
    void glsm_compileAndExecute_matrixModeWithTransforms() {
        GLStateManager.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_PROJECTION);
@@ -102,69 +94,4 @@ class DisplayListCompilationTest {

        assertFalse(DisplayListManager.isRecording(), "frame-begin backstop must clear a leaked open list");
    }
-
-    @Test
-    void rawGL_compile_immediateModeWithTransforms() {
-        GL11.glLoadIdentity();
-        GL11.glTranslatef(100.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-
-        testList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
-        GL11.glNewList(testList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-
-        GL11.glPushMatrix();
-        GL11.glTranslatef(50.0f, 25.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glScalef(0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
-
-        GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(16.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(16.0f, 16.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(0.0f, 16.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glEnd();
-
-        GL11.glPopMatrix();
-        GL11.glEndList();
-
-        final FloatBuffer afterCompile = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
-        GL11.glGetFloat(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, afterCompile);
-        assertEquals(100.0f, afterCompile.get(12), 0.001f, "After GL_COMPILE: matrix unchanged");
-
-        GL11.glCallList(testList);
-
-        final FloatBuffer afterPlayback = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
-        GL11.glGetFloat(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, afterPlayback);
-        assertEquals(100.0f, afterPlayback.get(12), 0.001f, "After playback: base position preserved");
-        assertEquals(1.0f, afterPlayback.get(0), 0.001f, "After playback: no scale (popped)");
-
-        GL11.glLoadIdentity();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void rawGL_compileAndExecute_immediateModeExecutesImmediately() {
-        GL11.glLoadIdentity();
-
-        testList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
-        GL11.glNewList(testList, GL11.GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE);
-
-        GL11.glScalef(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
-
-        final FloatBuffer during = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
-        GL11.glGetFloat(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, during);
-        assertEquals(0.5f, during.get(0), 0.001f, "During COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE: scale applied");
-
-        GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glVertex3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
-        GL11.glEnd();
-
-        GL11.glEndList();
-
-        final FloatBuffer after = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
-        GL11.glGetFloat(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, after);
-        assertEquals(0.5f, after.get(0), 0.001f, "After COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE: scale remains");
-
-        GL11.glLoadIdentity();
-    }
 }
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.TestThreads;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

@@ -39,25 +38,14 @@ class DisplayListIdAllocatorTest {
    }

    @Test
-    void zeroNeverReturned() {
-        DisplayListIDAllocator alloc = new DisplayListIDAllocator(1);
-        // Allocate enough IDs to fill the first word (32 IDs). None should be 0.
-        for (int i = 0; i < 31; i++) {
-            int id = alloc.allocRange(1);
-            assertNotEquals(0, id, "ID 0 must never be returned");
-            assertTrue(id > 0, "All returned IDs must be positive");
+    void singleAllocsAreSequentialFromOne() {
+        // Sequential from 1 across several words: 0 is never handed out and no id repeats
+        final DisplayListIDAllocator alloc = new DisplayListIDAllocator(1);
+        for (int expected = 1; expected <= 500; expected++) {
+            assertEquals(expected, alloc.allocRange(1));
        }
    }

-    @Test
-    void singleAllocReturnsSequential() {
-        DisplayListIDAllocator alloc = new DisplayListIDAllocator();
-        // First alloc should be 1 (0 is reserved)
-        assertEquals(1, alloc.allocRange(1));
-        assertEquals(2, alloc.allocRange(1));
-        assertEquals(3, alloc.allocRange(1));
-    }
-
    @Test
    void isAllocatedTracksState() {
        DisplayListIDAllocator alloc = new DisplayListIDAllocator();
@@ -159,9 +147,9 @@ class DisplayListIdAllocatorTest {
    @Test
    void freeZeroIsNoOp() {
        DisplayListIDAllocator alloc = new DisplayListIDAllocator();
-        // Should not throw
        alloc.free(0);
        alloc.free(-1);
+        assertEquals(1, alloc.allocRange(1), "freeing the reserved id 0 must not make it allocatable");
    }

    @Test
@@ -205,17 +193,6 @@ class DisplayListIdAllocatorTest {
        }
    }

-    @Test
-    void noDoubleAllocation() {
-        DisplayListIDAllocator alloc = new DisplayListIDAllocator();
-        // Allocate many IDs and verify uniqueness
-        Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>();
-        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
-            int id = alloc.allocRange(1);
-            assertTrue(seen.add(id), "Duplicate ID returned: " + id);
-        }
-    }
-
    @Test
    void rangeAfterSingleAllocs() {
        DisplayListIDAllocator alloc = new DisplayListIDAllocator();
@@ -54,9 +54,7 @@ class DisplayListMatrixRestorationTest extends DisplayListTestFixture {
    }

    private static float translation(int target) {
-        FloatBuffer b = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
-        GLStateManager.glGetFloat(target, b);
-        return b.get(12);
+        return GlTestSupport.matrix(target).get(12);
    }

    @Test
@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.DirectTessellator;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.TessellatorManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.CompiledDisplayList;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.ImmediateModeRecorder;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Tessellator;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;

 /**
@@ -62,4 +69,58 @@ public final class DisplayListTestHelper {
        assertNotNull(compiled, "Display list should be compiled");
        return compiled;
    }
+
+    /** Calls {@code list} on an identity modelview and returns the resulting matrix. The caller's matrix is restored. */
+    public static FloatBuffer modelviewAfterCall(int list) {
+        GLStateManager.glPushMatrix();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glLoadIdentity();
+            GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+            return GlTestSupport.modelview();
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glPopMatrix();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void assertMatrixEquals(Matrix4f expected, FloatBuffer actual, String message) {
+        final FloatBuffer expectedBuf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
+        expected.get(expectedBuf);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            assertEquals(expectedBuf.get(i), actual.get(i), 0.0001f, message + " (element " + i + ")");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void assertModelviewAfterCall(int list, Matrix4f expected, String message) {
+        assertMatrixEquals(expected, modelviewAfterCall(list), message);
+    }
+
+    /** Immediate-mode quad from the origin to (size, size) at z = 0. */
+    public static void immediateQuad(float size) {
+        GLStateManager.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
+        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(size, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(size, size, 0.0f);
+        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0.0f, size, 0.0f);
+        GLStateManager.glEnd();
+    }
+
+    /** Textured quad written straight into the vanilla Tessellator's raw buffer and handed to the draw interceptor. */
+    public static void rawQuad(float size) {
+        final Tessellator tess = Tessellator.instance;
+        final float[][] corners = { { 0.0f, 0.0f }, { size, 0.0f }, { size, size }, { 0.0f, size } };
+        tess.rawBuffer = new int[4 * 8];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            final int base = i * 8;
+            tess.rawBuffer[base] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(corners[i][0]);
+            tess.rawBuffer[base + 1] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(corners[i][1]);
+            tess.rawBuffer[base + 3] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(i == 1 || i == 2 ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+            tess.rawBuffer[base + 4] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(i >= 2 ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+        }
+        tess.isDrawing = true;
+        tess.drawMode = GL11.GL_QUADS;
+        tess.hasTexture = true;
+        tess.rawBufferIndex = 4 * 8;
+        tess.vertexCount = 4;
+        TessellatorManager.interceptDraw(tess);
+    }
 }
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;

 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;

 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
@@ -97,68 +101,23 @@ class FeedbackManagerTest {
        assertEquals(42.0f, buf.get(1), "Second token should be the pass-through value");
    }

-    @Test
-    void testTriangleFeedback_GL2D() {
-        final FloatBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(128);
-        FeedbackManager.glFeedbackBuffer(GL11.GL_2D, buf);
-        FeedbackManager.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_FEEDBACK);
-
-        // Identity MV/proj, viewport (0,0,800,600)
-        GLStateManager.getModelViewMatrix().identity();
-        GLStateManager.getProjectionMatrix().identity();
-        GLStateManager.getViewportState().setViewPort(0, 0, 800, 600);
-        GLStateManager.getViewportState().setDepthRange(0.0, 1.0);
-
-        // Upload 3 vertices forming a triangle
-        final int vao = GL30.glGenVertexArrays();
-        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
-
-        // NDC vertices: (0,0,0), (1,0,0), (0,1,0)
-        // With identity MVP and viewport 800x600:
-        //   NDC(0,0) → window(400, 300)
-        //   NDC(1,0) → window(800, 300)
-        //   NDC(0,1) → window(400, 600)
-        final float[] verts = { 0f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f };
-        final FloatBuffer vertBuf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(9);
-        vertBuf.put(verts).flip();
-
-        final int vbo = GL15.glGenBuffers();
-        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
-        GL15.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertBuf, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 12, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-
-        FeedbackManager.processDrawArrays(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
-
-        final int count = FeedbackManager.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_RENDER);
-
-        // GL_2D: POLYGON_TOKEN, 3, x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2 = 8 floats
-        assertEquals(8, count, "Triangle in GL_2D should produce 8 floats");
-
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_POLYGON_TOKEN, buf.get(0), 0.001f);
-        assertEquals(3.0f, buf.get(1), 0.001f);
-
-        // Vertex 0: NDC(0,0) → window(400, 300)
-        assertEquals(400.0f, buf.get(2), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(300.0f, buf.get(3), 0.01f);
-
-        // Vertex 1: NDC(1,0) → window(800, 300)
-        assertEquals(800.0f, buf.get(4), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(300.0f, buf.get(5), 0.01f);
-
-        // Vertex 2: NDC(0,1) → window(400, 600)
-        assertEquals(400.0f, buf.get(6), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(600.0f, buf.get(7), 0.01f);
-
-        // Cleanup
-        GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
-        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
-        GL15.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
-        GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
+    // Identity MVP on an 800x600 viewport: NDC (0,0) -> window (400,300), (1,0) -> (800,300), (0,1) -> (400,600)
+    static Stream<Arguments> primitives() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("triangle", GL11.GL_TRIANGLES,
+                new float[] { 0f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f },
+                new float[] { GL11.GL_POLYGON_TOKEN, 3f, 400f, 300f, 800f, 300f, 400f, 600f }),
+            Arguments.of("polygon", GL11.GL_POLYGON,
+                new float[] { 0f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 1f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f },
+                new float[] { GL11.GL_POLYGON_TOKEN, 4f, 400f, 300f, 800f, 300f, 800f, 600f, 400f, 600f }),
+            Arguments.of("quad strip", GL11.GL_QUAD_STRIP,
+                new float[] { 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 0f, 1f, 0f, 0f, 1f, 1f, 0f },
+                new float[] { GL11.GL_POLYGON_TOKEN, 4f, 400f, 300f, 400f, 600f, 800f, 600f, 800f, 300f }));
    }

-    @Test
-    void testPolygonFeedback_GL2D() {
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("primitives")
+    void testPrimitiveFeedback_GL2D(String name, int mode, float[] verts, float[] expected) {
        final FloatBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(128);
        FeedbackManager.glFeedbackBuffer(GL11.GL_2D, buf);
        FeedbackManager.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_FEEDBACK);
@@ -171,12 +130,6 @@ class FeedbackManagerTest {
        final int vao = GL30.glGenVertexArrays();
        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);

-        final float[] verts = {
-            0f, 0f, 0f,
-            1f, 0f, 0f,
-            1f, 1f, 0f,
-            0f, 1f, 0f
-        };
        final FloatBuffer vertBuf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(verts.length);
        vertBuf.put(verts).flip();

@@ -186,72 +139,15 @@ class FeedbackManagerTest {
        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 12, 0);
        GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

-        FeedbackManager.processDrawArrays(GL11.GL_POLYGON, 0, 4);
+        FeedbackManager.processDrawArrays(mode, 0, verts.length / 3);

        final int count = FeedbackManager.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_RENDER);

-        assertEquals(10, count, "Polygon in GL_2D should produce 10 floats");
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_POLYGON_TOKEN, buf.get(0), 0.001f);
-        assertEquals(4.0f, buf.get(1), 0.001f);
-        assertEquals(400.0f, buf.get(2), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(300.0f, buf.get(3), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(800.0f, buf.get(4), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(300.0f, buf.get(5), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(800.0f, buf.get(6), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(600.0f, buf.get(7), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(400.0f, buf.get(8), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(600.0f, buf.get(9), 0.01f);
-
-        GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
-        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
-        GL15.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
-        GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testQuadStripFeedback_GL2D() {
-        final FloatBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(128);
-        FeedbackManager.glFeedbackBuffer(GL11.GL_2D, buf);
-        FeedbackManager.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_FEEDBACK);
-
-        GLStateManager.getModelViewMatrix().identity();
-        GLStateManager.getProjectionMatrix().identity();
-        GLStateManager.getViewportState().setViewPort(0, 0, 800, 600);
-        GLStateManager.getViewportState().setDepthRange(0.0, 1.0);
-
-        final int vao = GL30.glGenVertexArrays();
-        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
-
-        final float[] verts = {
-            0f, 0f, 0f,
-            0f, 1f, 0f,
-            1f, 0f, 0f,
-            1f, 1f, 0f
-        };
-        final FloatBuffer vertBuf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(verts.length);
-        vertBuf.put(verts).flip();
-
-        final int vbo = GL15.glGenBuffers();
-        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
-        GL15.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertBuf, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 12, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-
-        FeedbackManager.processDrawArrays(GL11.GL_QUAD_STRIP, 0, 4);
-
-        final int count = FeedbackManager.glRenderMode(GL11.GL_RENDER);
-
-        assertEquals(10, count, "Quad strip in GL_2D should produce 10 floats");
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_POLYGON_TOKEN, buf.get(0), 0.001f);
-        assertEquals(4.0f, buf.get(1), 0.001f);
-        assertEquals(400.0f, buf.get(2), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(300.0f, buf.get(3), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(400.0f, buf.get(4), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(600.0f, buf.get(5), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(800.0f, buf.get(6), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(600.0f, buf.get(7), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(800.0f, buf.get(8), 0.01f);
-        assertEquals(300.0f, buf.get(9), 0.01f);
+        // GL_2D: POLYGON_TOKEN, vertex count, then x, y per vertex
+        assertEquals(expected.length, count, name + " float count");
+        for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
+            assertEquals(expected[i], buf.get(i), 0.01f, name + " feedback value " + i);
+        }

        GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ class GLSM_BlendFuncUnknownState_GLTest {
    @BeforeEach
    void requireBufferBlending() {
        assumeTrue(RenderSystem.supportsBufferBlending());
-        drainGlErrors();
    }

    @AfterEach
@@ -30,11 +29,6 @@ class GLSM_BlendFuncUnknownState_GLTest {
        if (!RenderSystem.supportsBufferBlending()) return;
        GLStateManager.tryBlendFuncSeparate(GL11.GL_ZERO, GL11.GL_ZERO, GL11.GL_ZERO, GL11.GL_ZERO);
        GLStateManager.tryBlendFuncSeparate(GL11.GL_ONE, GL11.GL_ZERO, GL11.GL_ONE, GL11.GL_ZERO);
-        drainGlErrors();
-    }
-
-    private static void drainGlErrors() {
-        while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
    }

    private static void seedVanillaSeparate() {
@@ -59,7 +53,6 @@ class GLSM_BlendFuncUnknownState_GLTest {
            assertBufferBlend(buffer, VANILLA_SRC_RGB, VANILLA_DST_RGB, VANILLA_SRC_ALPHA, VANILLA_DST_ALPHA);
        }
        assertFalse(GLStateManager.getBlendState().isFuncUnknown(), "forward must clear the unknown flag");
-        assertEquals(GL11.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11.glGetError());
    }

    @Test
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;

 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.util.GLSMUtil.resetGLState;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

 /**
@@ -51,46 +53,28 @@ class GLSM_BlendUnknownState_UnitTest {
        assertTrue(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "GL blend should be re-enabled after setUnknownState");
    }

-    @Test
-    void testDisableBufferBlendInvalidatesCache() {
-        GLStateManager.enableBlend();
-        assertTrue(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND));
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "global blend enabled={0}")
+    @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false})
+    void perBufferBlendToggleInvalidatesCache(boolean enabled) {
+        setBlend(enabled);
+        assertEquals(enabled, GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND));

-        // Use RenderSystem which should call setUnknownState internally
-        RenderSystem.disableBufferBlend(0);
+        // Flips buffer 0 behind the cache and marks it unknown, so the repeated global call must reach the driver
+        if (enabled) {
+            RenderSystem.disableBufferBlend(0);
+        } else {
+            RenderSystem.enableBufferBlend(0);
+        }

-        // Now re-enable via GLSM — should issue the GL call
-        GLStateManager.enableBlend();
-        assertTrue(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "Blend should be re-enabled after disableBufferBlend");
+        setBlend(enabled);
+        assertEquals(enabled, GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "global blend state must be re-issued after a per-buffer toggle");
    }

-    @Test
-    void testEnableBufferBlendInvalidatesCache() {
-        // Start with blend disabled
-        GLStateManager.disableBlend();
-        assertFalse(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND));
-
-        // Per-buffer enable bypasses cache
-        RenderSystem.enableBufferBlend(0);
-
-        // Disable via GLSM — should issue the GL call despite cache saying disabled
-        GLStateManager.disableBlend();
-        assertFalse(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND), "Blend should be disabled after enableBufferBlend + disableBlend");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testUnknownStateClearedAfterSetEnabled() {
-        GLStateManager.enableBlend();
-
-        // Mark unknown
-        GLStateManager.getBlendMode().setUnknownState();
-
-        // First setEnabled clears the unknown flag
-        GLStateManager.enableBlend();
-
-        // Second setEnabled should use normal caching (no redundant GL call)
-        // Verify state is consistent
-        assertTrue(GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_BLEND));
-        assertTrue(GLStateManager.getBlendMode().isEnabled());
+    private static void setBlend(boolean enabled) {
+        if (enabled) {
+            GLStateManager.enableBlend();
+        } else {
+            GLStateManager.disableBlend();
+        }
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL14;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL33;
+
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.LegacyQueryFixture.CLIENT_ARRAY_CAPS;
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.LegacyQueryFixture.assertEnableRoundTrip;
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.LegacyQueryFixture.drainClientAttribStack;
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.LegacyQueryFixture.hex;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions.assumeFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions.assumeTrue;
+
+/** Conventional client arrays and the client attrib stack, emulated on a core-profile vertex array object. */
+@GLCoreTest
+public class GLSM_ClientArrays_GLTest {
+
+    private int savedVao;
+    private int vao;
+    private int vbo;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void bindFreshVertexArray() {
+        savedVao = GLStateManager.getBoundVAO();
+        vao = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        vbo = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void deleteVertexArray() {
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(savedVao);
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean attribHasSize3(Usage usage) {
+        final VAOManager.Attrib attrib = GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.attrib(usage.getAttributeLocation());
+        return attrib != null && attrib.size == 3;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean positionArrayEnabled() {
+        final VAOManager.Attrib position = GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.attrib(Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation());
+        return position != null && position.enabled;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean colorArrayEnabled() {
+        return (GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.getVertexFlags() & VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT) != 0;
+    }
+
+    private static int driverAttrib(int index, int pname) {
+        final IntBuffer out = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(16);
+        GL20.glGetVertexAttrib(index, pname, out);
+        return out.get(0);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertClientArray(String name, int sizePname, int size, int typePname, int type, int stridePname, int stride, int bindingPname, int binding) {
+        if (sizePname != 0) assertEquals(size, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(sizePname), name + " size");
+        if (typePname != 0) assertEquals(type, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(typePname), name + " type");
+        assertEquals(stride, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(stridePname), name + " stride");
+        assertEquals(binding, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(bindingPname), name + " buffer binding");
+    }
+
+    private static void assertVertexArray(String name, int size, int type, int stride, int binding) {
+        assertClientArray(name, GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_SIZE, size, GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_TYPE, type, GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_STRIDE, stride, GL15.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, binding);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertTexCoordArray(String name, int size, int type, int stride, int binding) {
+        assertClientArray(name, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_SIZE, size, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_TYPE, type, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_STRIDE, stride,
+            GL15.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, binding);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void vertexArrayStateRestoredOnlyWithVertexArrayBit() {
+        final int position = Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            final int flagsBefore = GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.getVertexFlags();
+            assertFalse(positionArrayEnabled());
+            assertFalse(colorArrayEnabled());
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1);
+            assertTrue(positionArrayEnabled());
+            assertTrue(colorArrayEnabled());
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertFalse(positionArrayEnabled(), "pop disables an array enabled inside the push");
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_FALSE, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+            assertFalse(colorArrayEnabled());
+            assertEquals(flagsBefore, GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.getVertexFlags());
+            assertEquals(0, GLStateManager.getClientActiveTextureUnit());
+
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertTrue(positionArrayEnabled(), "pop re-enables an array disabled inside the push");
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_PIXEL_STORE_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertTrue(positionArrayEnabled(), "a pixel-store push must not restore array enables");
+            assertTrue(colorArrayEnabled());
+            assertEquals(1, GLStateManager.getClientActiveTextureUnit());
+        } finally {
+            drainClientAttribStack();
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void clientActiveTextureRoundTrips() {
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            assertEquals(GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL20.GL_MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS));
+
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1);
+            assertEquals(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE));
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(0);
+            assertEquals(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE));
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS);
+            assertEquals(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE));
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS);
+            assertEquals(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE), "units past GL_MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS are rejected");
+            assertEquals(1, GLStateManager.getClientActiveTextureUnit());
+
+            GLStateManager.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0L);
+            final VAOManager.Attrib attrib = GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.attrib(Usage.SECONDARY_UV.getAttributeLocation());
+            assertNotNull(attrib);
+            assertEquals(2, attrib.size);
+
+            assumeTrue(GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS > 5);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE5);
+            assertEquals(GL13.GL_TEXTURE5, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE));
+            GLStateManager.glTexCoordPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0L);
+            assertEquals(3, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_SIZE));
+            assertFalse(attribHasSize3(Usage.PRIMARY_UV));
+            assertFalse(attribHasSize3(Usage.SECONDARY_UV));
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void conventionalPointerSurvivesGenericOverride() {
+        final int position = Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(position, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 4L);
+            assertEquals(3, VAOManager.get(position).size, "disabled generic pointer must not displace an enabled conventional array");
+            assertEquals(3, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_SIZE));
+
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            assertEquals(2, VAOManager.get(position).size, "enabled generic attribute wins");
+            assertTrue(VAOManager.get(position).genericPointer);
+            assertEquals(2, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_SIZE));
+            assertEquals(8, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_STRIDE));
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            assertEquals(3, VAOManager.get(position).size, "conventional pointer must come back when the generic attribute is disabled");
+            assertEquals(12, VAOManager.get(position).stride);
+            assertFalse(VAOManager.get(position).genericPointer);
+            assertEquals(3, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_SIZE));
+            assertEquals(12, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_STRIDE));
+            assertEquals(vbo, driverAttrib(position, GL15.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED), "conventional array stays enabled at draw level");
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY));
+            assertEquals(0, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING), "repoint must restore the array buffer binding");
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void conventionalPointerSetUnderEnabledGenericAppliesOnceGenericIsDisabled() {
+        final int position = Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(position, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            assertEquals(2, VAOManager.get(position).size);
+            assertEquals(2, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_SIZE));
+
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            assertEquals(3, VAOManager.get(position).size);
+            assertEquals(3, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_SIZE));
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_FALSE, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+            assertFalse(positionArrayEnabled());
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void drawVertexFlagsDoNotAnswerClientArrayEnables() {
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            VAOManager.setCurrentVertexFlags(VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT | VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT);
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY));
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY));
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY));
+
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
+            VAOManager.setCurrentVertexFlags(0);
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY));
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
+            VAOManager.setCurrentVertexFlags(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void clientArrayPointerQueriesAreAnsweredFromCache() {
+        final int vaoB = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        final IntBuffer ints = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(16);
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+
+            assertVertexArray("default vertex", 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
+            assertClientArray("default normal", 0, 0, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_STRIDE, 0, GL15.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, 0);
+            assertClientArray("default color", GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, 4, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE, 0, GL15.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, 0);
+            assertClientArray("default secondary color", GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, 3, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_FLOAT,
+                GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE, 0, GL15.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, 0);
+            assertClientArray("default fog coord", 0, 0, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_STRIDE, 0,
+                GL15.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, 0);
+            assertClientArray("default index", 0, 0, GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_STRIDE, 0, GL15.GL_INDEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, 0);
+            assertClientArray("default edge flag", 0, 0, 0, 0, GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_STRIDE, 0, GL15.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, 0);
+            assertTexCoordArray("default texcoord", 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
+            assertNull(GLStateManager.glGetPointer(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_POINTER, 4));
+
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_SHORT, 20, 8L);
+            GLStateManager.glNormalPointer(GL11.GL_BYTE, 16, 4L);
+            GLStateManager.glColorPointer(4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 16, 12L);
+            GLStateManager.glSecondaryColorPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glFogCoordPointer(GL11.GL_FLOAT, 4, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEdgeFlagPointer(7, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 8, 0L);
+
+            assertVertexArray("vertex", 3, GL11.GL_SHORT, 20, vbo);
+            assertClientArray("normal", 0, 0, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_BYTE, GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_STRIDE, 16, GL15.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, vbo);
+            assertClientArray("color", GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, 4, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE, 16,
+                GL15.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, vbo);
+            assertClientArray("secondary color", GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE, 3, GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_FLOAT,
+                GL14.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_STRIDE, 12, GL15.GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, vbo);
+            assertClientArray("fog coord", 0, 0, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE, GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_STRIDE, 4,
+                GL15.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, vbo);
+            assertClientArray("edge flag", 0, 0, 0, 0, GL11.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_STRIDE, 7, GL15.GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING, vbo);
+            assertTexCoordArray("texcoord unit 0", 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 8, vbo);
+
+            assertEquals(3.0f, GLStateManager.glGetFloat(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_SIZE));
+            GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_STRIDE, ints);
+            assertEquals(20, ints.get(0));
+            assertEquals(8L, MemoryUtilities.memAddress(GLStateManager.glGetPointer(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_POINTER, 4)));
+            assertEquals(12L, MemoryUtilities.memAddress(GLStateManager.glGetPointer(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_POINTER, 4)));
+
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + GLStateManager.MAX_TEXTURE_COORDS - 1);
+            assertTexCoordArray("unset texcoord unit", 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glTexCoordPointer(3, GL11.GL_SHORT, 6, 0L);
+            assertTexCoordArray("last texcoord unit", 3, GL11.GL_SHORT, 6, vbo);
+            assertFalse(attribHasSize3(Usage.PRIMARY_UV));
+            assertFalse(attribHasSize3(Usage.SECONDARY_UV));
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            assertTexCoordArray("texcoord unit 0 again", 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 8, vbo);
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaoB);
+            assertVertexArray("other vao", 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
+            final FloatBuffer client = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(12);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(2, 0, client);
+            assertVertexArray("client pointer", 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
+            assertEquals(MemoryUtilities.memAddress(client), MemoryUtilities.memAddress(GLStateManager.glGetPointer(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_POINTER, 4)));
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            assertVertexArray("first vao again", 3, GL11.GL_SHORT, 20, vbo);
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vaoB);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void interleavedArraysSetClientStateWithoutAnActiveFfpProgram() {
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            assumeFalse(GLStateManager.ctx().ffp.isActive());
+
+            GLStateManager.glInterleavedArrays(GL11.GL_C4UB_V3F, 0, 0L);
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY));
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY));
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY));
+            assertVertexArray("interleaved vertex", 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 16, vbo);
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE));
+        } finally {
+            for (final int cap : CLIENT_ARRAY_CAPS) {
+                GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(cap);
+            }
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void clientVertexArrayBitRestoresPointersEnablesAndBindings() {
+        final int vaoB = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        final int vbo2 = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        final int ebo = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        final int position = Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        final int color = Usage.COLOR.getAttributeLocation();
+        final int normal = Usage.NORMAL.getAttributeLocation();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glColorPointer(4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 16, 12L);
+            GLStateManager.glFogCoordPointer(GL11.GL_FLOAT, 4, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo2);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(2, GL11.GL_SHORT, 4, 4L);
+            GLStateManager.glFogCoordPointer(GL11.GL_FLOAT, 8, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(5, 1, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 4, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(5);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1);
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaoB);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+
+            assertEquals(vao, GLStateManager.getBoundVAO());
+            assertEquals(vbo, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertEquals(ebo, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertEquals(ebo, GL11.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertEquals(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE));
+            assertVertexArray("restored vertex", 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, vbo);
+            assertEquals(4, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_STRIDE));
+            assertEquals(vbo, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY));
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY));
+            assertTrue(colorArrayEnabled());
+
+            assertEquals(3, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_SIZE));
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_FLOAT, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_TYPE));
+            assertEquals(12, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_STRIDE));
+            assertEquals(vbo, driverAttrib(position, GL15.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, driverAttrib(position, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, driverAttrib(color, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_FALSE, driverAttrib(normal, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_FALSE, driverAttrib(5, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaoB);
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vaoB);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertEquals(vao, GLStateManager.getBoundVAO(), "a deleted VAO must not be restored");
+            assertVertexArray("after dead-vao pop", 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, vbo);
+        } finally {
+            drainClientAttribStack();
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            for (final int cap : CLIENT_ARRAY_CAPS) {
+                GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(cap);
+            }
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vaoB);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(vbo2);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(ebo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void enabledGenericAttributeWinsWithoutAPointer() {
+        final int position = Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            assertFalse(VAOManager.get(position).genericPointer);
+
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            assertTrue(VAOManager.get(position).genericPointer, "generic 0 supersedes position on its enable bit alone");
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            assertFalse(VAOManager.get(position).genericPointer);
+            assertEquals(3, VAOManager.get(position).size);
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deletedBufferIsDetachedFromTheBoundVertexArray() {
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+        GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 4L);
+        GLStateManager.glFogCoordPointer(GL11.GL_FLOAT, 4, 0L);
+        assertEquals(vbo, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+        assertEquals(0, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+        assertEquals(0, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+        assertEquals(12, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_STRIDE), "offset and stride survive the detach");
+        assertEquals(3, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_SIZE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shadowedPointerIsNotRepointedAtAReusedBufferName() {
+        final int other = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        final int conventional = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        final int generic = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        final int position = Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        int reused = 0;
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, conventional);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, generic);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(position, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(position);
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(other);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(conventional);
+            reused = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, reused);
+            assumeTrue(reused == conventional, "driver did not reuse the buffer name");
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            assertEquals(generic, driverAttrib(position, GL15.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING), "a pointer set before the delete must not attach to the new buffer");
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(other);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(generic);
+            if (reused != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(reused);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void popKeepsCurrentArraysWhenTheSavedArrayBufferWasDeleted() {
+        final int vbo2 = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo2);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(2, GL11.GL_SHORT, 4, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+
+            assertEquals(2, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_SIZE), "array state is not restored once its array buffer is gone");
+            assertEquals(vbo2, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertEquals(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL13.GL_CLIENT_ACTIVE_TEXTURE));
+        } finally {
+            drainClientAttribStack();
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(vbo2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void clientAttribStackIsNotCompiledIntoDisplayLists() {
+        final int other = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(other);
+            GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+            assertEquals(other, GLStateManager.getBoundVAO(), "replaying the list must not rebind the vertex array that was bound while compiling");
+        } finally {
+            drainClientAttribStack();
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(other);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void popRestoresDivisorAndStateWithoutAnAttributeLocation() {
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(5, 1, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 4, 0L);
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertEquals(0, driverAttrib(5, GL33.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_DIVISOR));
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribDivisor(5, 3);
+            assertEquals(3, driverAttrib(5, GL33.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_DIVISOR));
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertEquals(0, driverAttrib(5, GL33.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_DIVISOR));
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY));
+
+            GLStateManager.glPushClientAttrib(GL11.GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(5);
+            GLStateManager.glPopClientAttrib();
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_FALSE, driverAttrib(5, GL20.GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ENABLED));
+        } finally {
+            drainClientAttribStack();
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(5);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL14.GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void interleavedArraysFromAClientBufferRegisterClientPointers() {
+        final FloatBuffer data = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(64);
+        final int position = Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            data.position(2);
+
+            GLStateManager.glInterleavedArrays(GL11.GL_C4UB_V3F, 0, data);
+            final long base = MemoryUtilities.memAddress(data);
+            assertNotNull(VAOManager.get(position).clientPointer);
+            assertEquals(base + 4, MemoryUtilities.memAddress(VAOManager.get(position).clientPointer));
+            assertEquals(base + 4, MemoryUtilities.memAddress(GLStateManager.glGetPointer(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_POINTER, 4)));
+            assertEquals(base, MemoryUtilities.memAddress(GLStateManager.glGetPointer(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_POINTER, 4)));
+            assertEquals(0, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL15.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING));
+            assertEquals(16, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_STRIDE));
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.ctx().vaos.hasAnyClientSideEnabledAttrib());
+        } finally {
+            for (final int cap : CLIENT_ARRAY_CAPS) {
+                GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(cap);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void enableAndDisableRouteClientArrayCapsToClientState() {
+        for (final int cap : CLIENT_ARRAY_CAPS) {
+            GLStateManager.glEnable(cap);
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(cap), hex(cap));
+            GLStateManager.glDisable(cap);
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(cap), hex(cap));
+        }
+        GLStateManager.glEnable(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+        assertTrue(positionArrayEnabled());
+        GLStateManager.glDisable(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void illegalPointerArgumentsAreIgnored() {
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glNormalPointer(GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, 0L);
+
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(1, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 4, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 3, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glNormalPointer(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 3, 0L);
+            assertVertexArray("vertex after illegal calls", 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 12, vbo);
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_FLOAT, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY_TYPE));
+
+            GLStateManager.glColorPointer(GL12.GL_BGRA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 4, 0L);
+            assertEquals(GL12.GL_BGRA, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_SIZE));
+            GLStateManager.glColorPointer(GL12.GL_BGRA, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 16, 0L);
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GLStateManager.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY_TYPE));
+
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0L);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS);
+            GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(5, 5, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0L);
+            assertNull(VAOManager.get(5));
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void clientArrayEnablesAreAnsweredFromCache() {
+        final int vaoB = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            for (final int cap : CLIENT_ARRAY_CAPS) {
+                assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(cap), "default isEnabled " + hex(cap));
+                assertEnableRoundTrip(cap, true);
+            }
+
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1);
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY), "texcoord array enable is per client texture unit");
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY));
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
+
+            GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY);
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaoB);
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY), "array enables are per vertex array object");
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            assertTrue(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY));
+            GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_INDEX_ARRAY);
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaoB);
+            GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
+            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY), "an enabled generic attribute 0 is not GL_VERTEX_ARRAY");
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vaoB);
+            GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
+            GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+            GLStateManager.glClientActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+            for (final int cap : CLIENT_ARRAY_CAPS) {
+                GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(cap);
+            }
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteVertexArrays(vaoB);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ public class GLSM_CoreRemovedCaps_GLTest {
            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(cap));
        } finally {
            GLStateManager.glDisable(cap);
-            while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
        }
    }

@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ public class GLSM_CoreRemovedCaps_GLTest {
            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(cap));
        } finally {
            GLStateManager.glDisable(cap);
-            while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
        }
    }

@@ -105,7 +103,6 @@ public class GLSM_CoreRemovedCaps_GLTest {
            assertSecondaryColor(0.25F, 0.5F, 0.75F);
        } finally {
            GLStateManager.glSecondaryColor3f(0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
-            while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
        }
    }

@@ -121,7 +118,6 @@ public class GLSM_CoreRemovedCaps_GLTest {
            assertSecondaryColor(0.125F, 0.25F, 0.375F);
        } finally {
            GLStateManager.glSecondaryColor3f(0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
-            while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
        }
    }

@@ -135,7 +131,6 @@ public class GLSM_CoreRemovedCaps_GLTest {
            assertFalse(GLStateManager.glIsEnabled(GL14.GL_COLOR_SUM));
        } finally {
            GLStateManager.glDisable(GL14.GL_COLOR_SUM);
-            while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
        }
    }

@@ -156,7 +151,6 @@ public class GLSM_CoreRemovedCaps_GLTest {
        } finally {
            GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
            GLStateManager.glSecondaryColor3f(0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
-            while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
        }
    }

@@ -176,7 +170,6 @@ public class GLSM_CoreRemovedCaps_GLTest {
        } finally {
            GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
            GLStateManager.glDisable(GL11.GL_LINE_STIPPLE);
-            while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) {}
        }
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions.assumeTrue;
+
+@GLCoreTest
+public class GLSM_DeferredTextureDelete_GLTest {
+
+    private static int immutableTexture() {
+        assumeTrue(GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL42, "no glTexStorage2D on this context");
+        final int tex = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+        GLStateManager.glTexStorage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, GL30.GL_R8, 4, 4);
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+        return tex;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deletingAnImmutableTextureRaisesNoError() {
+        final int tex = immutableTexture();
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11.glGetError());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deletingARescuedImmutableTextureRaisesNoError() {
+        final int tex = immutableTexture();
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11.glGetError());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deletingA2DTextureWhileA3DTextureIsBoundLeavesNothingBoundTo2D() {
+        final int t2d = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
+        final int t3d = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, t2d);
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D, t3d);
+
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(t2d);
+
+            assertEquals(GL11.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11.glGetError());
+            assertEquals(0, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D), "the deleted texture must not stay bound");
+            assertEquals(t3d, GL11.glGetInteger(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_3D));
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(t3d);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -6,18 +6,12 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.ByteOrder;
-import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
-
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlTestSupport.floats;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

@GLCoreTest
 public class GLSM_DirtyTracking_UnitTest {

-    static final FloatBuffer f4b = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4 << 2).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer();
-    static final FloatBuffer f3b = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(3 << 2).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer();
-
    @BeforeEach
    void pushTrackedState() {
        GLStateManager.glPushAttrib(GL11.GL_LIGHTING_BIT | GL11.GL_FOG_BIT | GL11.GL_CURRENT_BIT);
@@ -30,38 +24,31 @@ public class GLSM_DirtyTracking_UnitTest {

    @Test
    void materialBumpsOnlyOnChange() {
-        newf4b(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 0.4F);
-        GLStateManager.glMaterial(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_AMBIENT, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glMaterial(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_AMBIENT, floats(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 0.4F));
        final int gen = GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration();

-        newf4b(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 0.4F);
-        GLStateManager.glMaterial(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_AMBIENT, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glMaterial(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_AMBIENT, floats(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 0.4F));
        assertEquals(gen, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "identical material must not bump lightingGeneration");

-        newf4b(0.9F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 0.4F);
-        GLStateManager.glMaterial(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_AMBIENT, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glMaterial(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_AMBIENT, floats(0.9F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 0.4F));
        assertEquals(gen + 1, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "changed material must bump lightingGeneration once");
    }

    @Test
    void lightModelBumpsOnlyOnChange() {
-        newf4b(0.5F, 0.5F, 0.5F, 1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLightModel(GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glLightModel(GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, floats(0.5F, 0.5F, 0.5F, 1.0F));
        final int gen = GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration();

-        newf4b(0.5F, 0.5F, 0.5F, 1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLightModel(GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glLightModel(GL11.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, floats(0.5F, 0.5F, 0.5F, 1.0F));
        assertEquals(gen, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "identical light model ambient must not bump");
    }

    @Test
    void lightColorBumpsOnlyOnChange() {
-        newf4b(0.25F, 0.5F, 0.75F, 1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_DIFFUSE, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_DIFFUSE, floats(0.25F, 0.5F, 0.75F, 1.0F));
        final int gen = GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration();

-        newf4b(0.25F, 0.5F, 0.75F, 1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_DIFFUSE, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_DIFFUSE, floats(0.25F, 0.5F, 0.75F, 1.0F));
        assertEquals(gen, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "identical light diffuse must not bump");
    }

@@ -72,17 +59,14 @@ public class GLSM_DirtyTracking_UnitTest {
        GLStateManager.glLoadIdentity();
        GLStateManager.glTranslatef(1.0F, 2.0F, 3.0F);

-        newf4b(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_POSITION, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_POSITION, floats(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 1.0F));
        final int gen = GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration();

-        newf4b(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_POSITION, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_POSITION, floats(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 1.0F));
        assertEquals(gen, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "same position under same modelview must not bump");

        GLStateManager.glTranslatef(5.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
-        newf4b(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_POSITION, f4b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_POSITION, floats(0.1F, 0.2F, 0.3F, 1.0F));
        assertEquals(gen + 1, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "same raw position under changed modelview must bump");

        GLStateManager.glPopMatrix();
@@ -128,18 +112,15 @@ public class GLSM_DirtyTracking_UnitTest {
        GLStateManager.glPushMatrix();
        GLStateManager.glLoadIdentity();

-        newf3b(0.0F, 0.0F, -1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, f3b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, floats(0.0F, 0.0F, -1.0F));
        final int gen = GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration();

        GLStateManager.glTranslatef(5.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F);
-        newf3b(0.0F, 0.0F, -1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, f3b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, floats(0.0F, 0.0F, -1.0F));
        assertEquals(gen, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "spot direction under translation-only must not bump");

        GLStateManager.glRotatef(90.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F, 0.0F);
-        newf3b(0.0F, 0.0F, -1.0F);
-        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, f3b);
+        GLStateManager.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, floats(0.0F, 0.0F, -1.0F));
        assertEquals(gen + 1, GLStateManager.getLightingGeneration(), "same raw spot direction under changed 3x3 must bump");

        GLStateManager.glPopMatrix();
@@ -158,16 +139,4 @@ public class GLSM_DirtyTracking_UnitTest {
        assertEquals(0.0F, diffuse.y, "green channel must be 0");
        assertEquals(1.0F, diffuse.z, "blue channel must be 1");
    }
-
-    static void newf4b(float x, float y, float z, float w) {
-        f4b.clear();
-        f4b.put(x).put(y).put(z).put(w);
-        f4b.flip();
-    }
-
-    static void newf3b(float x, float y, float z) {
-        f3b.clear();
-        f3b.put(x).put(y).put(z);
-        f3b.flip();
-    }
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.util.GLSMUtil.verifyState;
@@ -28,106 +30,26 @@ class GLSM_DisplayList_FormatOptimization_Test {
        GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    }

-    @Test
-    void testPositionOnlyFormat() {
-        // Create a display list with only position data (no color, texture, brightness, or normals)
-        // Use GLStateManager for all calls to ensure they go through GLSM (test env doesn't redirect GL11)
+    private static final float[][] CORNERS = {{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}, {0, 1}};
+    private static final float[][] COLORS = {{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 1, 1}};
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "normals={0}")
+    @ValueSource(booleans = {false, true})
+    void colorTextureFormatLeavesLastColorCurrent(boolean normals) {
        displayList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
        GLStateManager.glNewList(displayList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);

        GLStateManager.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 1, 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            if (normals) GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0, 0, 1);
+            GLStateManager.glColor4f(COLORS[i][0], COLORS[i][1], COLORS[i][2], COLORS[i][3]);
+            GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(CORNERS[i][0], CORNERS[i][1]);
+            GLStateManager.glVertex3f(CORNERS[i][0], CORNERS[i][1], 0);
+        }
        GLStateManager.glEnd();

        GLStateManager.glEndList();

-        // Call the list to ensure it doesn't crash (verifies compilation succeeded)
-        GLStateManager.glCallList(displayList);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testPositionTextureFormat() {
-        // Create a display list with position and texture coordinates
-        displayList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
-        GLStateManager.glNewList(displayList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-
-        GLStateManager.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(1, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glEnd();
-
-        GLStateManager.glEndList();
-
-        // Call the list to ensure it doesn't crash (verifies compilation succeeded)
-        GLStateManager.glCallList(displayList);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testPositionColorTextureFormat() {
-        // Create a display list with position, color, and texture
-        displayList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
-        GLStateManager.glNewList(displayList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-
-        GLStateManager.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(1, 0, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(0, 1, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(1, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glEnd();
-
-        GLStateManager.glEndList();
-
-        // Call the list and verify color is restored to last value (blue)
-        GLStateManager.glCallList(displayList);
-        verifyState(GL11.GL_CURRENT_COLOR, new float[]{0f, 0f, 1f, 1f},
-            "After playback, color should be blue (last color in immediate mode block)");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testFullFormat() {
-        // Create a display list with all attributes: position, color, texture, and normal
-        displayList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
-        GLStateManager.glNewList(displayList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-
-        GLStateManager.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
-        GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(1, 0, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 0, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(0, 1, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(1, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(1, 1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0, 0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glColor4f(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glVertex3f(0, 1, 0);
-        GLStateManager.glEnd();
-
-        GLStateManager.glEndList();
-
-        // Call the list and verify color is restored to last value (blue)
        GLStateManager.glCallList(displayList);
        verifyState(GL11.GL_CURRENT_COLOR, new float[]{0f, 0f, 1f, 1f},
            "After playback, color should be blue (last color in immediate mode block)");
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;

 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.EnumSource;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -15,6 +17,23 @@ public class GLSM_DisplayList_PixelStore_Test {
    private static final int SRC = 8;
    private static final int SUB = 4;

+    enum Upload {
+        TEX_SUB_IMAGE_2D {
+            @Override
+            void run(ByteBuffer src) {
+                GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, SUB, SUB, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+            }
+        },
+        TEX_IMAGE_2D {
+            @Override
+            void run(ByteBuffer src) {
+                GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, SUB, SUB, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+            }
+        };
+
+        abstract void run(ByteBuffer src);
+    }
+
    @AfterEach
    void resetUnpackState() {
        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
@@ -96,8 +115,9 @@ public class GLSM_DisplayList_PixelStore_Test {
        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
    }

-    @Test
-    void stridedTexSubImage2DCompile() {
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @EnumSource(Upload.class)
+    void stridedUploadCompile(Upload upload) {
        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SRC);

@@ -105,7 +125,7 @@ public class GLSM_DisplayList_PixelStore_Test {

        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-        GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, SUB, SUB, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+        upload.run(src);
        GLStateManager.glEndList();

        assertEquals(0, red(readback(SUB), SUB, 0, 0), "GL_COMPILE must not execute the upload");
@@ -146,58 +166,15 @@ public class GLSM_DisplayList_PixelStore_Test {
        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
    }

-    @Test
-    void stridedTexImage2DCompile() {
-        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
-        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SRC);
-
-        setStridedUnpack();
-
-        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
-        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, SUB, SUB, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
-        GLStateManager.glEndList();
-
-        setUnpack(0, 0, 0);
-
-        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
-        assertStridedSubImage(readback(SUB));
-        assertUnpack(0, 0, 0);
-
-        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void defaultRecordedTexSubImage2DReplaysWithDefaults() {
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @EnumSource(Upload.class)
+    void defaultRecordedUploadReplaysWithDefaults(Upload upload) {
        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SUB);

        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-        GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, SUB, SUB, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
-        GLStateManager.glEndList();
-
-        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
-        setStridedUnpack();
-
-        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
-        assertTightSubImage(readback(SUB));
-        assertEquals(1, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT), "live state must survive replay");
-        assertUnpack(SRC, 1, 2);
-
-        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
-        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void defaultRecordedTexImage2DReplaysWithDefaults() {
-        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
-        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SUB);
-
-        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
-        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
-        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, SUB, SUB, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+        upload.run(src);
        GLStateManager.glEndList();

        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
DarkShadow44	69428c12f6	Fix MixinRendererLivingEntity_GlintClock expected count (#2248 )	2026-10-10 18:06:45 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	3978be161d	Answer legacy GL queries from tracked state (#2247 )	2026-10-10 17:31:02 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	2ed838acf1	Fix shaders that redefine a GLSL built-in failing on SDL-GPU and GLES (#2245 ) * Retry a rejected compile with the shader's own functions renamed	2026-10-10 14:05:33 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	d29a8278cd	Make API functions for enderstorage to use (#2244 ) * Make API functions for enderstorage to use * move it into its own package	2026-10-10 16:54:21 -04:00
Eclipse-Sol	2f1f380e8e	Bug Cleanup after 2.9RC2 (#2239 )	2026-10-10 13:22:49 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	990dadc03f	Reject non 3.3 core with a more clear message (#2243 )	2026-10-10 12:58:51 -07:00
Ancalagon	1946c2ad65	Fix dark AE2 cables when shaders enabled (#2223 )	2026-10-08 23:27:24 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	bfb66d84ee	Fix interop with Serene Seasons and other similar mods (#2240 )	2026-10-08 23:09:34 -07:00
DarkShadow44	cae4fea2bb	Fix Little Tiles rendering issues (#2238 )	2026-10-08 17:13:36 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	78abc05711	Update Readme	2026-10-07 20:34:33 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	159f7ff8cc	Fix NaNs on EP (#2231 ) * Fix NaNs on EP * Also add hidden writes handling * optimize this mess * Another optimization pass	2026-10-07 17:59:21 -04:00
Ranzu	0d959c2b90	Add Darkmode Transformer target (#2221 )	2026-10-07 13:55:18 -07:00
Alexdoru	ce2462cad3	Fix server thread leak in ThreadedBlockData (#2230 )	2026-10-07 12:30:09 -07:00
Death Fuel	5457df5369	Marginal improvements (#2222 )	2026-10-07 12:23:32 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	acedba4eac	Modern Font Sheets (#2225 ) * Initial commit for modern-font-sheets * Fix dev env error log * Fix private use characters still using their own unifont character	2026-10-07 11:19:19 -04:00
Alexdoru	21a054a4db	fix world client leak in CloudRenderer (#2227 )	2026-10-06 06:22:08 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	d056bf6fa7	Run image atomics natively on Metal where the runtime allows (#2226 )	2026-10-05 22:57:30 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	5ed1c92590	SDL Vertex Replay + Dragon API (#2224 )	2026-10-05 20:23:36 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	3389b952d0	Fix SDL compile failure when an image atomic's result is used (#2218 )	2026-10-04 18:56:12 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	b49d37d827	Ignore additional tags when deriving the mod version (#2219 )	2026-10-04 18:33:06 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	12857006c6	Harden SDL-GPU buffer mapping lifetime (#2217 )	2026-10-04 16:31:48 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	38af64f10c	Initial commit for shader-loading-optimizations (#2213 )	2026-10-04 15:36:50 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	10922edca3	Include missed scripts (#2216 )	2026-10-04 15:22:09 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	2a8c8756d3	Add renderer selection to video settings - (#2215 )	2026-10-04 15:16:51 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	23e36f2b76	Narrow overly broad transformer exclusions for PowerConverters (#2214 )	2026-10-04 14:27:43 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	fcf8ad064a	Fix terrain disappearing at screen edges with compute culling (#2212 )	2026-10-04 13:05:14 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	6dfb0312b1	Answer legacy stack and client state queries from GLSM (#2211 )	2026-10-04 11:43:56 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	0a4d48964e	Cache Iris Shaders (#2206 )	2026-10-03 20:06:39 -07:00
Ranzu	231a2ab216	Add Darkmode Transformer target (#2205 )	2026-10-03 15:28:37 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	61bb779dea	Fix crash when mods measure text off-thread with a custom font (#2204 )	2026-10-03 15:28:15 -07:00
Jason Mitchell	7cd97d1216	Fix HUD caching flicker and match non-cached GL state (#2201 )	2026-10-03 13:19:29 -07:00
Eclipse-Sol	fe82cd320a	Plenty of fixes for GTNH (#2202 )	2026-10-03 13:19:15 -07:00
Li Xiangrong	c7a0f3a208	Default raw custom textures to bilinear filtering and clamping (#2198 )	2026-10-03 11:57:30 -07:00
Matt Van Horn	338d94197c	Settle frame pacing after an inconsistent vsync gate (#2197 )	2026-10-03 11:51:30 -07:00
Death Fuel	75a0278138	Fix splash issues (#2200 )	2026-10-03 11:42:57 -07:00