Attempt to fix deferred particle batching (#1871)

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Description or your *PR* and other info
+<!-- Please include a summary of the change -->
+<!-- Any details that you think are important to review this PR? -->
+<!-- Are there any Issues / PRs related to this one? -->
+
+<!-- Add a screenshot or a video demonstration for new features -->
+
+<details open><summary>Template</summary> <!-- OPEN is intentional -->
+
+### Before submitting a *pull request* make sure you have:
+- [ ] Read the [AI Contribution Policy](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Angelica/blob/master/AI_POLICY.md)
+- [ ] At least [skimmed](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Angelica/search?q=is%3Apr&type=Issues) the tracker for similar pull requests
+
+</details>

.github/scripts/announce-release.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+: "${REPO:?REPO required}"
+: "${TAG:?TAG required}"
+
+if [ -z "${DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL:-}" ]; then
+  echo "DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL not set, skipping"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if ! release_json=$(gh release view "$TAG" --repo "$REPO" --json body,url,publishedAt 2>&1); then
+  echo "Could not read release $TAG in $REPO; skipping:"
+  printf '%s\n' "$release_json"
+  exit 0
+fi
+body=$(jq -r '.body // ""' <<<"$release_json")
+url=$(jq -r '.url' <<<"$release_json")
+ts=$(jq -r '.publishedAt // ""' <<<"$release_json")
+[ -n "$ts" ] || ts=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
+
+payload=$(jq -n \
+  --arg title "$TAG" \
+  --arg url "$url" \
+  --arg desc "$body" \
+  --arg ts "$ts" \
+  '{
+    embeds: [{
+      title: ("Angelica " + $title + " released"),
+      url: $url,
+      description: (if ($desc | length) > 3900
+                    then $desc[0:3900] + "\n\n...[full changelog](" + $url + ")"
+                    else $desc end),
+      color: 3066993,
+      footer: { text: "GitHub Releases" },
+      timestamp: $ts
+    }]
+  }')
+
+curl -fsS -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$payload" "$DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL"

.github/workflows/release-tags.yml

@@ -12,3 +12,22 @@ jobs:
   release-tags:
     uses: GTNewHorizons/GTNH-Actions-Workflows/.github/workflows/release-tags.yml@master
     secrets: inherit
+
+  notify-discord:
+    needs: [release-tags]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: >-
+      ${{ !endsWith(github.ref_name, '-snapshot')
+          && !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[snapshot]')
+          && !endsWith(github.ref_name, '-pre') }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Announce release to Discord
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.DISCORD_RELEASE_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        run: bash .github/scripts/announce-release.sh

AI_POLICY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# AI Usage Policy
+
+This project has strict rules for AI usage:
+
+* **The human-in-the-loop must fully understand all code.** If you
+can't explain what your changes do and how they interact with the
+greater system without the aid of AI tools, do not contribute
+those changes.
+
+* **Issues and discussions can use AI assistance but must have a full
+human-in-the-loop.** This means that any content generated with AI
+must have been reviewed *and edited* by a human before submission.
+The author must do their research and trim this down.
+
+* **No AI-generated media is allowed (textures, videos, audio, etc.).**
+Text and code are the only acceptable AI-generated content, per the
+other rules in this policy.
+
+* **Commit messages, PR descriptions must read in your own voice.**
+No AI-authored or AI co-authored commits, including Co-authored-by AI tags.
+
+* **Only contribute fixes for bugs you have personally hit in-game.**
+If you haven’t experienced or reproduced a bug firsthand, and don’t
+already know the relevant code well, don’t throw AI at it and forward it to us.
+Patches written for problems the author never actually experienced themselves
+tend to fix the wrong thing and/or produce another.
+
+* **The voice and intent of written content must be yours.**
+For documentation and especially quests, the tone and the point you're trying to make
+has to come from you, not an AI. Use AI to help with phrasing or cleanup if you like,
+but if the substance and voice aren't yours, don't contribute it.
+
+* **Bad AI use may be blocked.** People who produce bad contributions
+that are clearly AI (slop) may be blocked from making future contributions.
+We love to help junior developers learn and grow, but if you're interested
+in that, don't use AI and we'll help you. We're sorry that bad AI
+users have ruined this for you.
+
+
+## There are Humans Here
+
+Please remember that this project is maintained by humans.
+
+Every discussion, issue, and pull request is read and reviewed by
+humans (and sometimes machines, too). It is a boundary point at which
+people interact with each other and work is done. It is rude and
+disrespectful to approach this boundary with low-effort, unqualified
+work, since it puts the burden of validation on the maintainer.
+
+In a perfect world, AI would produce high-quality, accurate work
+every time. But today, that reality depends on the user of the AI.
+And today, many users of AI do not use it well. So, until that
+changes, we need to have strict rules to protect maintainers.
+
+Based on https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/blob/main/AI_POLICY.md

dependencies.gradle

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ dependencies {
     shadowImplementation("net.minecraftforge:eventbus:7.0-beta.15")
 
     shadowImplementation("org.anarres:jcpp:1.4.14") // Apache 2.0
-    shadowImplementation("org.taumc:glsl-transformation-lib:0.2.0-32.g7dd88a4-GTNH") {
+    shadowImplementation("org.taumc:glsl-transformation-lib:0.2.0-33.g3ec381e") {
         exclude module: "antlr4" // we only want to shadow the runtime module
     }
     shadowImplementation("org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.13.2")

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java

@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
     static final int MAT_FIELDS = 5;
     static final int LOC_MAT_BASE = LOC_LIGHT_BASE + 2 * LIGHT_FIELDS; // 43
 
-    static final int LOC_COUNT = LOC_MAT_BASE + MAT_FIELDS; // 48
+    static final int LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE = LOC_MAT_BASE + MAT_FIELDS; // 48
+    static final int LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE = LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE + 1; // 49
+
+    static final int LOC_COUNT = LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE + 1; // 50
 
     private static final String[] LIGHT_FIELD_NAMES = {
         "ambient", "diffuse", "specular", "position", "halfVector",
@@ -89,6 +92,8 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_NORMAL] = "iris_NormalMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_LIGHTMAP_TEXTURE_MATRIX] = "iris_LightmapTextureMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_TEXTURE_MATRIX] = "iris_TextureMatrix";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] = "iris_ModelViewMatrixInverse";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE] = "iris_ProjectionMatrixInverse";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_ALPHA_TEST_REF] = "angelica_currentAlphaTest";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_SCENE_COLOR] = "angelica_SceneColor";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_CLIP_PLANES] = "angelica_ClipPlane[0]";
@@ -229,10 +234,15 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             }
 
             // ModelView Inverse
-            if (locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
+            if (locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1 || locs[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
                 mv.invert(scratchMatrix);
                 scratchMatrix.get(mat4Buf);
-                RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                if (locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
+                if (locs[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -266,10 +276,15 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             }
 
             // Projection Inverse
-            if (locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
+            if (locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1 || locs[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
                 proj.invert(scratchMatrix);
                 scratchMatrix.get(mat4Buf);
-                RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                if (locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
+                if (locs[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
             }
         }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/FeedbackManager.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.ImmediateModeRecorder;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ViewportState;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 import org.joml.Vector4f;
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
 /**
  * Software emulation of GL feedback mode
  */
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     }
 
     private static int positionStride() {
-        final int s = VertexAttribState.get(0).effectiveStride();
+        final int s = VAOManager.getAttribEffectiveStride(0);
         return (s != 0) ? s : 12;
     }
 
     private static long positionOffset() {
-        return VertexAttribState.get(0).offset;
+        return VAOManager.getAttribOffset(0);
     }
 
     public static void processDrawArrays(int mode, int first, int count) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
         computeMVP();
         final int stride = positionStride();
 
-        final int elementSize = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+        final int elementSize = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
         final int indexByteCount = indexCount * elementSize;
         ensureIndexReadbackCapacity(indexByteCount);
         indexReadbackBuf.clear().limit(indexByteCount);
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     }
 
     private static void readPositionBuffer(long offset, ByteBuffer destination) {
-        final int positionVbo = VertexAttribState.get(0).vboId;
+        final int positionVbo = VAOManager.getAttribVBO(0);
         final int previousVbo = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
 
         if (positionVbo != 0 && positionVbo != previousVbo) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLStateManager.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.Pointer;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.DirectTessellator;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.stacks.IStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.DisplayListManager.RecordMode;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredAlphaHandler;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredBlendHandler;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredDepthColorHandler;
@@ -38,15 +40,12 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.PolygonStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.StencilStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.ViewPortStateStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ClipPlaneState;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.Color4;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureBinding;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureUnitArray;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfo;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntMap;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntOpenHashSet;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntStack;
@@ -57,13 +56,13 @@ import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.joml.Matrix4d;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
 import org.joml.Matrix4fStack;
 import org.joml.Vector3d;
 import org.joml.Vector3f;
 import org.joml.Vector4f;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.LWJGLException;
-
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.ARBShaderObjects;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.ContextCapabilities;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.Display;
@@ -98,10 +97,10 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.IntSupplier;
 
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.Vendor.AMD;
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.Vendor.INTEL;
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.Vendor.MESA;
 import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.Vendor.NVIDIA;
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 
 /**
  * OpenGL State Manager - Provides cached state tracking and management for Backend Renderer Actions
@@ -190,22 +189,22 @@ public class GLStateManager {
 
     // vertexFlags bits mark attribs the VBO already supplies; FFP supplies the rest via u_Current* uniforms.
     // Skip the backend vertexAttrib call in either case.
-    public static void flushDeferredVertexAttribs(int vertexFlags) {
-        if (dirtyColorAttrib && (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT) == 0) {
+    public static void flushDeferredVertexAttribs(boolean hasColor, boolean hasNormal, boolean hasTexCoord, boolean hasLightmap) {
+        if (!hasColor && dirtyColorAttrib) {
             RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttrib4f(Usage.COLOR.getAttributeLocation(), color.getRed(), color.getGreen(), color.getBlue(), color.getAlpha());
             dirtyColorAttrib = false;
         }
-        if (dirtyNormalAttrib && (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) == 0) {
+        if (!hasNormal && dirtyNormalAttrib) {
             final var n = ShaderManager.getCurrentNormal();
             RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttrib3f(Usage.NORMAL.getAttributeLocation(), n.x, n.y, n.z);
             dirtyNormalAttrib = false;
         }
-        if (dirtyTexCoordAttrib && (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT) == 0) {
+        if (!hasTexCoord && dirtyTexCoordAttrib) {
             final var tc = ShaderManager.getCurrentTexCoord();
             RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttrib4f(Usage.PRIMARY_UV.getAttributeLocation(), tc.x, tc.y, tc.z, tc.w);
             dirtyTexCoordAttrib = false;
         }
-        if (dirtyLightmapAttrib) {
+        if (!hasLightmap && dirtyLightmapAttrib) {
             RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttrib4f(Usage.SECONDARY_UV.getAttributeLocation(), GLSMConfig.lastBrightnessX, GLSMConfig.lastBrightnessY, 0.0f, 1.0f);
             dirtyLightmapAttrib = false;
         }
@@ -457,19 +456,16 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     @Getter protected static int listBase = 0;
 
     @Getter protected static int boundVBO;
-    @Getter protected static int boundEBO;
     @Getter protected static int boundVAO;
-    private static int clientArraysVBO = 0;
-    private static int clientArraysVBOCapacity = 0;
-    private static final int[] clientArraysVBOOffsets = new int[VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS];
+
+    public static int getBoundEBO() {
+        return VAOManager.boundEBO;
+    }
+
     private static int boundPixelUnpackBuffer;
     private static int boundPixelPackBuffer;
     private static PixelUnpackState pixelUnpackState = PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT;
-    private static final Int2IntOpenHashMap vaoEboMap = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();
 
-    static {
-        vaoEboMap.defaultReturnValue(0);
-    }
     @Getter private static int defaultVAO; // Non-zero on core profile
 
     public static void reset() {
@@ -491,8 +487,6 @@ public class GLStateManager {
 
         modelViewMatrix.clear();
         projectionMatrix.clear();
-        vaoEboMap.clear();
-        VertexAttribState.reset();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -628,18 +622,22 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             LOGGER.info("GLStateManager cache bypassed");
         }
         if (initConfig != null && initConfig.isLwjglDebug()) {
-            LOGGER.info("Enabling additional LWJGL debug output");
+            if (RENDER_BACKEND.supportsDebugOutput()) {
+                LOGGER.info("Enabling additional LWJGL debug output");
 
-            GLDebug.setupDebugMessageCallback();
-            GLDebug.initDebugState();
+                GLDebug.setupDebugMessageCallback();
+                GLDebug.initDebugState();
 
-            GLDebug.debugMessage("Angelica Debug Annotator Initialized");
+                GLDebug.debugMessage("Angelica Debug Annotator Initialized");
+            } else {
+                LOGGER.info("LWJGL debug output requested but unavailable in this GL context (requires GL 4.3 or GL_KHR_debug); skipping");
+            }
         }
 
         defaultVAO = RENDER_BACKEND.genVertexArrays();
         RENDER_BACKEND.bindVertexArray(defaultVAO);
         boundVAO = defaultVAO;
-        VertexAttribState.init(defaultVAO);
+        VAOManager.init(defaultVAO);
         if (initCallback != null) {
             initCallback.run();
         }
@@ -1017,7 +1015,8 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             case GL11.GL_LIST_MODE -> DisplayListManager.getListMode();
             case GL11.GL_MATRIX_MODE -> matrixMode.getMode();
             case GL11.GL_SHADE_MODEL -> shadeModelState.getValue();
-            case GL11.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D -> getBoundTextureForServerState();
+            // GL_TEXTURE_2D makes no sense here, but some mod still queries it...
+            case GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D -> getBoundTextureForServerState();
             case GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_FACE -> colorMaterialFace.getValue();
             case GL11.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_PARAMETER -> colorMaterialParameter.getValue();
             case GL11.GL_MODELVIEW_STACK_DEPTH -> getMatrixStackDepth(modelViewMatrix);
@@ -1045,7 +1044,7 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             case GL11.GL_STENCIL_CLEAR_VALUE -> stencilState.getClearValue();
 
             case GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING -> boundVBO;
-            case GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING -> boundEBO;
+            case GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING -> VAOManager.boundEBO;
             case GL21.GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_BINDING -> boundPixelUnpackBuffer;
             case GL21.GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER_BINDING -> boundPixelPackBuffer;
 
@@ -1194,6 +1193,22 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         };
     }
 
+    private static final FloatBuffer glGetFloatScratch = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16);
+
+    public static void glGetFloat(int pname, float[] params) {
+        final FloatBuffer buf;
+        if (params.length <= glGetFloatScratch.capacity()) {
+            buf = glGetFloatScratch;
+            buf.clear();
+            buf.limit(params.length);
+        } else {
+            buf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(params.length);
+        }
+        glGetFloat(pname, buf);
+        buf.position(0);
+        buf.get(params);
+    }
+
     // GLStateManager Functions
 
     public static void glBlendColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha) {
@@ -2202,6 +2217,18 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         }
     }
 
+    public static void preDraw(int drawMode) {
+        prepareWideLineEmulation(drawMode);
+        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
+        prepareClientArrays();
+    }
+
+    public static void preDraw() {
+        disableWideLineEmulation();
+        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
+        prepareClientArrays();
+    }
+
     public static void glDrawElements(int mode, ByteBuffer indices) {
         if (DisplayListManager.isRecording()) {
             throw DisplayListManager.unsupportedInList("glDrawElements");
@@ -2210,9 +2237,7 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             FeedbackManager.processDrawElements(mode, indices);
             return;
         }
-        prepareWideLineEmulation(mode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
+        preDraw(mode);
         RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, indices);
     }
 
@@ -2224,14 +2249,13 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             FeedbackManager.processDrawElements(mode, indices);
             return;
         }
-        prepareWideLineEmulation(mode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
         if (mode == GL11.GL_QUADS) {
             QuadConverter.drawQuadElementsAsTriangles(indices);
-        } else {
-            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, indices);
+            return;
         }
+
+        preDraw(mode);
+        RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, indices);
     }
 
     public static void glDrawElements(int mode, ShortBuffer indices) {
@@ -2242,14 +2266,13 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             FeedbackManager.processDrawElements(mode, indices);
             return;
         }
-        prepareWideLineEmulation(mode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
         if (mode == GL11.GL_QUADS) {
             QuadConverter.drawQuadElementsAsTriangles(indices);
-        } else {
-            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, indices);
+            return;
         }
+
+        preDraw(mode);
+        RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, indices);
     }
 
     public static void glDrawElements(int mode, int count, int type, ByteBuffer indices) {
@@ -2260,14 +2283,13 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             FeedbackManager.processDrawElements(mode, count, type, indices);
             return;
         }
-        prepareWideLineEmulation(mode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
         if (mode == GL11.GL_QUADS) {
             QuadConverter.drawQuadElementsAsTriangles(count, type, indices);
-        } else {
-            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, count, type, indices);
+            return;
         }
+
+        preDraw(mode);
+        RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, count, type, indices);
     }
 
     public static void glDrawElements(int mode, int indices_count, int type, long indices_buffer_offset) {
@@ -2276,7 +2298,7 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         if (recordMode != RecordMode.NONE) {
             // Core profile: a default VAO is generated at init and glBindVertexArray(0)
             // is redirected to it, so a VAO is always bound here — no fallback branches.
-            final IndexedDrawCapture capture = IndexedDrawCapture.create(mode, indices_count, type, indices_buffer_offset, boundEBO);
+            final IndexedDrawCapture capture = IndexedDrawCapture.create(mode, indices_count, type, indices_buffer_offset, VAOManager.boundEBO);
             if (capture != null) {
                 DisplayListManager.recordIndexedDrawCapture(capture);
             }
@@ -2288,14 +2310,13 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             FeedbackManager.processDrawElements(mode, indices_count, type, indices_buffer_offset);
             return;
         }
-        prepareWideLineEmulation(mode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
         if (mode == GL11.GL_QUADS) {
             QuadConverter.drawQuadElementsAsTriangles(indices_count, type, indices_buffer_offset);
-        } else {
-            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, indices_count, type, indices_buffer_offset);
+            return;
         }
+
+        preDraw(mode);
+        RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(mode, indices_count, type, indices_buffer_offset);
         if (savedRecorder != null) DisplayListManager.resumeRecording(savedRecorder);
     }
 
@@ -2324,62 +2345,21 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     }
 
     public static void glDrawElementsBaseVertex(int mode, int count, int type, long indices, int basevertex) {
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
+        preDraw(mode);
         RENDER_BACKEND.drawElementsBaseVertex(mode, count, type, indices, basevertex);
     }
 
     public static void glDrawElementsInstanced(int mode, int count, int type, long indices, int primcount) {
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
+        preDraw(mode);
         RENDER_BACKEND.drawElementsInstanced(mode, count, type, indices, primcount);
     }
 
     private static void prepareClientArrays() {
-        if (ShaderManager.getInstance().isEnabled() && VertexAttribState.hasAnyClientSideEnabledAttrib()) {
-            uploadClientArraysToVBO();
+        if (VAOManager.hasAnyClientSideEnabledAttrib()) {
+            VAOManager.uploadClientArraysToVBO();
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * If any enabled vertex attribute uses a client-side pointer (no VBO), upload all such
-     * attribs into a shared stream VBO so the draw succeeds under core profile.
-     */
-    private static void uploadClientArraysToVBO() {
-        int totalBytes = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-            clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] = -1;
-            final VertexAttribState.Attrib a = VertexAttribState.get(i);
-            if (!a.enabled || a.clientPointer == null) continue;
-            clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] = totalBytes;
-            totalBytes += a.clientPointer.remaining();
-        }
-        if (totalBytes == 0) return;
-
-        if (clientArraysVBO == 0) {
-            clientArraysVBO = RENDER_BACKEND.genBuffers();
-        }
-
-        final int savedVBO = boundVBO;
-        glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBO);
-
-        if (totalBytes > clientArraysVBOCapacity) {
-            int newCap = Math.max(4096, clientArraysVBOCapacity);
-            while (newCap < totalBytes) newCap *= 2;
-            clientArraysVBOCapacity = newCap;
-        }
-        RENDER_BACKEND.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOCapacity, GL15.GL_STREAM_DRAW);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-            if (clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] < 0) continue;
-            final VertexAttribState.Attrib a = VertexAttribState.get(i);
-            RENDER_BACKEND.bufferSubData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOOffsets[i], a.clientPointer.duplicate());
-            RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.normalized, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
-        }
-
-        glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, savedVBO);
-    }
-
     public static void glDrawArrays(int mode, int first, int count) {
         CommandRecorder savedRecorder = null;
         final RecordMode recordMode = DisplayListManager.getRecordMode();
@@ -2396,16 +2376,16 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             FeedbackManager.processDrawArrays(mode, first, count);
             return;
         }
-        prepareWideLineEmulation(mode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw();
-        prepareClientArrays();
         if (mode == GL11.GL_QUADS) {
             QuadConverter.drawQuadsAsTriangles(first, count);
         } else if (mode == GL11.GL_QUAD_STRIP) {
+            preDraw();
             RENDER_BACKEND.drawArrays(GL11.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, first, count & ~1);
         } else if (mode == GL11.GL_POLYGON) {
+            preDraw();
             RENDER_BACKEND.drawArrays(GL11.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, first, count);
         } else {
+            preDraw(mode);
             RENDER_BACKEND.drawArrays(mode, first, count);
         }
         if (savedRecorder != null) DisplayListManager.resumeRecording(savedRecorder);
@@ -2552,14 +2532,14 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         final int location = clientStateToAttributeLocation(cap);
         if (location >= 0) glEnableVertexAttribArray(location);
         final int flag = clientStateToVertexFlag(cap);
-        if (flag != 0) ShaderManager.getInstance().enableClientVertexFlag(flag);
+        if (flag != 0) VAOManager.enableClientVertexFlag(flag);
     }
 
     public static void glDisableClientState(int cap) {
         final int location = clientStateToAttributeLocation(cap);
         if (location >= 0) glDisableVertexAttribArray(location);
         final int flag = clientStateToVertexFlag(cap);
-        if (flag != 0) ShaderManager.getInstance().disableClientVertexFlag(flag);
+        if (flag != 0) VAOManager.disableClientVertexFlag(flag);
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttrib2f(int index, float v0, float v1) {
@@ -2579,7 +2559,7 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, normalized, stride, offset, boundVBO);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, normalized, stride, offset, boundVBO);
         RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, offset);
     }
 
@@ -2588,40 +2568,40 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, FloatBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer), 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer));
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, DoubleBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer), 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer));
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, IntBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer), 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer));
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ShortBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer), 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer));
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer, 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer);
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribIPointer(int index, int size, int type, int stride, long offset) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, false, stride, offset, boundVBO);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, false, stride, offset, boundVBO);
         RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribIPointer(index, size, type, stride, offset);
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribIPointer(int index, int size, int type, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, false, stride, pointer, 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, false, stride, pointer);
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribIPointer(int index, int size, int type, int stride, IntBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, false, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer), 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, false, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer));
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribIPointer(int index, int size, int type, int stride, ShortBuffer pointer) {
-        VertexAttribState.set(index, size, type, false, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer), 0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(index, size, type, false, stride, MemoryUtilities.memByteBuffer(pointer));
     }
 
     public static void glVertexAttribDivisor(int index, int divisor) { RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribDivisor(index, divisor); }
@@ -2632,12 +2612,12 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     public static void glVertexAttribBinding(int attribindex, int bindingindex) { RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribBinding(attribindex, bindingindex); }
 
     public static void glEnableVertexAttribArray(int index) {
-        VertexAttribState.setEnabled(index, true);
+        VAOManager.enableAttribute(index);
         RENDER_BACKEND.enableVertexAttribArray(index);
     }
 
     public static void glDisableVertexAttribArray(int index) {
-        VertexAttribState.setEnabled(index, false);
+        VAOManager.disableAttribute(index);
         RENDER_BACKEND.disableVertexAttribArray(index);
     }
 
@@ -2672,7 +2652,7 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     public static void glPushClientAttrib(int mask) {
         if (clientAttribStackPointer < CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH) {
             clientAttribSavedTextureUnit[clientAttribStackPointer] = clientActiveTextureUnit;
-            clientAttribSavedVertexFlags[clientAttribStackPointer] = ShaderManager.getInstance().getCurrentVertexFlags();
+            clientAttribSavedVertexFlags[clientAttribStackPointer] = VAOManager.getCurrentVertexFlags();
             clientAttribStackPointer++;
         }
     }
@@ -2681,7 +2661,7 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         if (clientAttribStackPointer > 0) {
             clientAttribStackPointer--;
             clientActiveTextureUnit = clientAttribSavedTextureUnit[clientAttribStackPointer];
-            ShaderManager.getInstance().setCurrentVertexFlags(clientAttribSavedVertexFlags[clientAttribStackPointer]);
+            VAOManager.setCurrentVertexFlags(clientAttribSavedVertexFlags[clientAttribStackPointer]);
         }
     }
 
@@ -3458,6 +3438,21 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         }
     }
 
+    public static void setModelViewMatrix(Matrix4fc m) {
+        if (isCachingEnabled()) {
+            modelViewMatrix.set(m);
+            mvGeneration++;
+            mvLinearGeneration++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void setProjectionMatrix(Matrix4fc m) {
+        if (isCachingEnabled()) {
+            projectionMatrix.set(m);
+            projGeneration++;
+        }
+    }
+
     public static Matrix4fStack getMatrixStack() {
         switch (matrixMode.getMode()) {
             case GL11.GL_MODELVIEW -> {
@@ -4495,9 +4490,14 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     }
 
     public static void prepareWideLineEmulation(int drawMode) {
-        wideLineEmulationActive = wideLineEmulationEnabled
-                && (drawMode == GL11.GL_LINES || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_STRIP || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP)
-                && lineState.getWidth() > 1.0f;
+        wideLineEmulationActive =
+            (drawMode == GL11.GL_LINES || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_STRIP || drawMode == GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP)
+                && lineState.getWidth() > 1.0f
+                && wideLineEmulationEnabled;
+    }
+
+    public static void disableWideLineEmulation() {
+        wideLineEmulationActive = false;
     }
 
     public static void glFlush() {
@@ -4550,6 +4550,25 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         glShaderSource(shader, sb.toString());
     }
 
+    public static void nglShaderSource(int shader, int count, long strings, long lengths) {
+        if (count <= 0) return;
+        final CharSequence source;
+        if (count == 1) {
+            source = decodeShaderSourceString(strings, lengths, 0);
+        } else {
+            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) sb.append(decodeShaderSourceString(strings, lengths, i));
+            source = sb.toString();
+        }
+        glShaderSource(shader, source);
+    }
+
+    private static String decodeShaderSourceString(long strings, long lengths, int i) {
+        final long strAddr = MemoryUtilities.memGetAddress(strings + (long) i * Pointer.POINTER_SIZE);
+        final int len = lengths == MemoryUtilities.NULL ? -1 : MemoryUtilities.memGetInt(lengths + (long) i * 4);
+        return len < 0 ? MemoryUtilities.memUTF8(strAddr) : MemoryUtilities.memUTF8(strAddr, len);
+    }
+
     /** Check shader type to determine if fragment output transformation is needed. */
     private static boolean isFragmentShader(int shader) {
         return RENDER_BACKEND.getShaderi(shader, GL20.GL_SHADER_TYPE) == GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER;
@@ -5066,13 +5085,13 @@ public class GLStateManager {
     private static void invalidateDeletedBuffer(int buffer) {
         if (buffer == 0) return;
         if (boundVBO == buffer) boundVBO = 0;
-        if (boundEBO == buffer) boundEBO = 0;
+        if (VAOManager.boundEBO == buffer) VAOManager.boundEBO = 0;
         if (boundPixelUnpackBuffer == buffer) boundPixelUnpackBuffer = 0;
         if (boundPixelPackBuffer == buffer) boundPixelPackBuffer = 0;
 
         // Sweep all VAOs: an unbound VAO may later rebind with a dangling EBO id.
-        for (Int2IntMap.Entry e : vaoEboMap.int2IntEntrySet()) {
-            if (e.getIntValue() == buffer) e.setValue(0);
+        for (VAOManager.VAOData data : VAOManager.vaoMap.values()) {
+            if (data.ebo == buffer) data.ebo = 0;
         }
     }
 
@@ -5081,8 +5100,7 @@ public class GLStateManager {
             // if (boundVBO == buffer) return; TODO figure out why this breaks switching async occlusion mode
             boundVBO = buffer;
         } else if (target == GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER) {
-            boundEBO = buffer;
-            vaoEboMap.put(boundVAO, buffer);
+            VAOManager.onBindEBO(buffer);
         } else if (target == GL21.GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER) {
             boundPixelUnpackBuffer = buffer;
         } else if (target == GL21.GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER) {
@@ -5166,24 +5184,17 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         }
         if (boundVAO != array) {
             boundVAO = array;
-            boundEBO = vaoEboMap.get(array);
-            VertexAttribState.onBindVertexArray(array);
+            VAOManager.onBindVertexArrayPre(array);
             RENDER_BACKEND.bindVertexArray(array);
-            if (ShaderManager.getInstance().isEnabled()) {
-                ShaderManager.getInstance().onBindVertexArray(array);
-            }
         }
     }
 
     public static void glDeleteVertexArrays(int array) {
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().onDeleteVertexArray(array);
-        VertexAttribState.onDeleteVertexArray(array);
-        vaoEboMap.remove(array);
+        VAOManager.onDeleteVertexArray(array);
         if (array == boundVAO) {
             // Deleting the bound VAO implicitly unbinds it. Rebind the default VAO.
             boundVAO = defaultVAO;
-            boundEBO = vaoEboMap.get(defaultVAO);
-            VertexAttribState.onBindVertexArray(defaultVAO);
+            VAOManager.onBindVertexArrayPre(defaultVAO);
             RENDER_BACKEND.bindVertexArray(defaultVAO);
         }
         RENDER_BACKEND.deleteVertexArrays(array);
@@ -5193,6 +5204,10 @@ public class GLStateManager {
         return RENDER_BACKEND.genVertexArrays();
     }
 
+    public static boolean glIsVertexArray(int array) {
+        return RENDER_BACKEND.isVertexArray(array);
+    }
+
     public static void glBindVertexArrayAPPLE(int array) {
         glBindVertexArray(array);
     }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/QuadConverter.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
 
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memAddress0;
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memAlloc;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memFree;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetByte;
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetInt;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetShort;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutInt;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutShort;
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 
 /**
  * Shared quad-to-triangle EBO for core profile GL_QUADS emulation.
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
      * @param vertexCount number of vertices (must be multiple of 4)
      */
     public static void drawQuadsAsTriangles(int first, int vertexCount) {
+        GLStateManager.preDraw();
         assert first % 4 == 0 : "QuadConverter: first (" + first + ") must be a multiple of 4";
         assert vertexCount % 4 == 0 : "QuadConverter: vertexCount (" + vertexCount + ") must be a multiple of 4";
         final int quadCount = vertexCount / 4;
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
      * @param bytesPerIndex  bytes per index element
      */
     private static void uploadAndDraw(ByteBuffer dst, int triIndexCount, int indexType, int bytesPerIndex) {
+        GLStateManager.preDraw();
         final int needed = triIndexCount * bytesPerIndex;
         final int prevEbo = GLStateManager.getBoundEBO();
 
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
         final int quadCount = indexCount / 4;
         final int triIndexCount = quadCount * 6;
 
-        final int bytesPerIndex = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+        final int bytesPerIndex = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
 
         final ByteBuffer src = memAlloc(indexCount * bytesPerIndex);
         RENDER_BACKEND.getBufferSubData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, offset, src);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.dsa.DSACore;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.dsa.DSAEXT;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.dsa.DSAUnsupported;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend.java

@@ -1038,6 +1038,11 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL30.glBindVertexArray(array);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean isVertexArray(int array) {
+        return GL30.glIsVertexArray(array);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long pointer) {
         GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/RenderBackend.java

@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
     public abstract int genVertexArrays();
     public abstract void deleteVertexArrays(int array);
     public abstract void bindVertexArray(int array);
+    public abstract boolean isVertexArray(int array);
     public abstract void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long pointer);
     public void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
         vertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(pointer));

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ShaderManager.java

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
-import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.CompatUniformManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredBlendHandler;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.Vec3fStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.Vec4fStack;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import org.joml.Vector3f;
 import org.joml.Vector4f;
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
 
     private final ShaderCache cache = new ShaderCache();
     private final Uniforms uniforms = new Uniforms();
-    private final Int2IntOpenHashMap vaoVertexFlags = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();
 
     @Getter
     private boolean active = false;
@@ -57,10 +54,8 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public static Vector4f getCurrentTexCoord() { return currentTexCoords[0]; }
     public static Vector4f getCurrentTexCoord(int unit) { return currentTexCoords[unit]; }
     @Getter private boolean enabled = false;
-    private int currentVertexFlags = VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT | VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT;
 
     private ShaderManager() {
-        vaoVertexFlags.defaultReturnValue(-1);
         if (Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getProperty("angelica.dumpShaders", "false"))) {
             cache.setDumpDir(Paths.get("ffp_shaders"));
         }
@@ -73,12 +68,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public void enable() {
         enabled = true;
 
-        VertexFormat.registerSetupBufferStateOverride((format, offset) -> {
-            currentVertexFlags = format.getVertexFlags();
-            vaoVertexFlags.put(GLStateManager.getBoundVAO(), currentVertexFlags);
-            return false;
-        });
-
         GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("FFP shader emulation enabled");
     }
 
@@ -99,7 +88,7 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
         currentFKLen = 0;
     }
 
-    public void preDraw(boolean hasColor, boolean hasNormal, boolean hasTexCoord, boolean hasLightmap) {
+    public void preDraw() {
         final DeferredBlendHandler bh = GLSMHooks.blendHandler;
         if (bh != null) bh.flushDeferredBlend();
 
@@ -111,7 +100,12 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
             }
         }
 
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(currentVertexFlags);
+        final int vertexFlags = VAOManager.getCurrentVertexFlags();
+        final boolean hasColor = (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT) != 0;
+        final boolean hasNormal =   (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) != 0;
+        final boolean hasTexCoord = (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT) != 0;
+        final boolean hasLightmap = (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.BRIGHTNESS_BIT) != 0;
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(hasColor, hasNormal, hasTexCoord, hasLightmap);
 
         if (!active) return;
 
@@ -127,20 +121,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
         uploadUniforms();
     }
 
-    public void preDraw(int vertexFlags) {
-        currentVertexFlags = vertexFlags;
-        preDraw(
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT) != 0,
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) != 0,
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT) != 0,
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.BRIGHTNESS_BIT) != 0
-        );
-    }
-
-    public void preDraw() {
-        preDraw(currentVertexFlags);
-    }
-
     private void commitVariant(long vkPacked, int fkLen) {
         currentVertexKeyPacked = vkPacked;
         System.arraycopy(currentFKScratch, 0, currentFKPacked, 0, fkLen);
@@ -177,22 +157,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public static void bumpNormalGeneration() { normalGeneration++; }
     public static void bumpTexCoordGeneration() { texCoordGeneration++; }
 
-    public void enableClientVertexFlag(int flag) {currentVertexFlags |= flag;}
-    public void disableClientVertexFlag(int flag) {currentVertexFlags &= ~flag;}
-    public int getCurrentVertexFlags() {return currentVertexFlags;}
-    public void setCurrentVertexFlags(int flags) {currentVertexFlags = flags;}
-
-    public void onBindVertexArray(int vaoId) {
-        final int flags = vaoVertexFlags.get(vaoId);
-        if (flags != -1) {
-            currentVertexFlags = flags;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
-        vaoVertexFlags.remove(vaoId);
-    }
-
     public void destroy() {
         cache.destroy();
         uniforms.destroy();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VAOManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
+public final class VAOManager {
+    public static final int MAX_ATTRIBS = 16;
+
+    public static final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<VAOData> vaoMap = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
+
+    private static VAOData current = null;
+    private static int currentVertexFlags = 0;
+    private static Attrib[] currentAttribs = null;
+    public static int boundEBO = 0;
+
+    private static int clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
+
+
+    public static void init(int defaultVAO) {
+        final VAOData data = new VAOData();
+        current = data;
+        currentAttribs = data.attribs;
+        vaoMap.put(defaultVAO, data);
+    }
+
+    public static void onBindEBO(int ebo) {
+        boundEBO = ebo;
+    }
+
+    public static void onBindVertexArrayPre(int vaoId) {
+        // Save old VAO data
+        if (current != null) {
+            current.vertexFlags = currentVertexFlags;
+            current.ebo = boundEBO;
+            current.attribs = currentAttribs;
+        }
+
+        VAOData data = vaoMap.get(vaoId);
+        if (data == null) {
+            data = new VAOData();
+            vaoMap.put(vaoId, data);
+        }
+        current = data;
+        currentVertexFlags = data.vertexFlags;
+        currentAttribs = data.attribs;
+        boundEBO = data.ebo;
+
+        recomputeClientSideCount();
+    }
+
+    public static void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
+        vaoMap.remove(vaoId);
+    }
+
+    public static void enableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags |= flag; }
+    public static void disableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags &= ~flag; }
+    public static int getCurrentVertexFlags() { return currentVertexFlags; }
+    public static void setCurrentVertexFlags(int flags) { currentVertexFlags = flags; }
+
+    public static final class VAOData {
+        public Attrib[] attribs;
+        public int vertexFlags;
+        public int ebo;
+
+        public VAOData() {
+            attribs = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
+        a.size = size;
+        a.type = type;
+        a.normalized = normalized;
+        a.stride = stride;
+        a.offset = offset;
+        a.vboId = vboId;
+        a.clientPointer = null;
+        if (wasClient && a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
+        a.size = size;
+        a.type = type;
+        a.normalized = normalized;
+        a.stride = stride;
+        a.offset = 0;
+        a.vboId = 0;
+        a.clientPointer = pointer;
+        if (!wasClient && a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void setEnabled(int index, boolean enabled) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled != enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+        a.enabled = enabled;
+    }
+
+    public static void enableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        if (a.clientPointer != null && !a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        }
+        a.enabled = true;
+    }
+
+    public static void disableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount--;
+        }
+        a.enabled = false;
+    }
+
+    // Lazily allocate each attrib. Most VAOs don't even have 4 attribs, let alone 16.
+    private static Attrib getAttrib(int index) {
+        Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
+        if (a == null) {
+            a = new Attrib();
+            currentAttribs[index] = a;
+        }
+        return a;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isClientSideAttrib(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null && attrib.isClientSide();
+    }
+
+    public static int getAttribEffectiveStride(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null ? attrib.effectiveStride() : 0;
+    }
+
+    public static long getAttribOffset(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null ? attrib.offset : 0;
+    }
+
+    public static int getAttribVBO(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null ? attrib.vboId : 0;
+    }
+
+    public static @Nullable Attrib get(int index) {
+        return currentAttribs[index];
+    }
+
+
+
+    private static void recomputeClientSideCount() {
+        int count = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            if (isClientSideAttrib(i)) count++;
+        }
+        clientSideEnabledCount = count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if any currently enabled vertex attribute was registered without a VBO
+     * (i.e. as a client-side pointer). In core profile, such attribs are treated as null
+     * offsets into a non-existent buffer, causing a native crash at draw time.
+     */
+    public static boolean hasAnyClientSideEnabledAttrib() {
+        return clientSideEnabledCount > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If any enabled vertex attribute uses a client-side pointer (no VBO), upload all such
+     * attribs into a shared stream VBO so the draw succeeds under core profile.
+     */
+    private static int clientArraysVBO = 0;
+    private static int clientArraysVBOCapacity = 0;
+    private static final int[] clientArraysVBOOffsets = new int[VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS];
+
+    public static void uploadClientArraysToVBO() {
+        int totalBytes = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] = -1;
+            final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+            if (a == null || !a.enabled || a.clientPointer == null) continue;
+            clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] = totalBytes;
+            totalBytes += a.clientPointer.remaining();
+        }
+        if (totalBytes == 0) return;
+
+        if (clientArraysVBO == 0) {
+            clientArraysVBO = RENDER_BACKEND.genBuffers();
+        }
+
+        final int savedVBO = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBO);
+
+        if (totalBytes > clientArraysVBOCapacity) {
+            int newCap = Math.max(4096, clientArraysVBOCapacity);
+            while (newCap < totalBytes) newCap *= 2;
+            clientArraysVBOCapacity = newCap;
+        }
+        RENDER_BACKEND.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOCapacity, GL15.GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            if (clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] < 0) continue;
+            final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+            RENDER_BACKEND.bufferSubData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOOffsets[i], a.clientPointer.duplicate());
+            RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.normalized, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+        }
+
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, savedVBO);
+    }
+
+
+    public static final class Attrib {
+        public boolean enabled;
+        public int size;
+        public int type;
+        public boolean normalized;
+        public int stride;
+        public long offset;
+        public int vboId;
+        public ByteBuffer clientPointer;
+
+        public boolean isClientSide() {
+            return enabled && clientPointer != null;
+        }
+
+        public void reset() {
+            enabled = false;
+            size = 0;
+            type = 0;
+            normalized = false;
+            stride = 0;
+            offset = 0;
+            vboId = 0;
+            clientPointer = null;
+        }
+
+        public int effectiveStride() {
+            return (stride != 0) ? stride : size * typeSizeBytes();
+        }
+
+        public int typeSizeBytes() {
+            return glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+        }
+
+        public static int glTypeSizeBytes(int glType) {
+            return switch (glType) {
+                case GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL11.GL_INT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> 4;
+                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> 8;
+                case GL11.GL_SHORT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> 2;
+                case GL11.GL_BYTE, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> 1;
+                default -> 4;
+            };
+        }
+
+        public float readComponent(ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
+            return readComponent(type, normalized, buf, base, component);
+        }
+
+        public static float readComponent(int type, boolean normalized, ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
+            return switch (type) {
+                case GL11.GL_FLOAT -> buf.getFloat(base + component * 4);
+                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> (float) buf.getDouble(base + component * 8);
+                case GL11.GL_INT -> {
+                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Integer.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> {
+                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                    yield normalized ? (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL) / (float) 0xFFFFFFFFL : (float) (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_SHORT -> {
+                    final short v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2);
+                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Short.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> {
+                    final int v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2) & 0xFFFF;
+                    yield normalized ? v / (float) 0xFFFF : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_BYTE -> {
+                    final byte v = buf.get(base + component);
+                    yield normalized ? v / 127.0f : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> {
+                    final int v = buf.get(base + component) & 0xFF;
+                    yield normalized ? v / 255.0f : (float) v;
+                }
+                default -> 0.0f;
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/AttribSnapshot.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2LongOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
 
     public record AttribDesc(int location, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int sourceVboId, ByteBuffer readBuffer, long readBufferBaseOffset) {
         public int effectiveStride() {
-            return stride != 0 ? stride : size * VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+            return stride != 0 ? stride : size * VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
         }
 
         public int typeSizeBytes() {
-            return VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+            return VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
         }
     }
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
      * allocating any hashmaps. A second distinct VBO promotes to the map-backed fallback.
      */
     public static AttribSnapshot snapshot(int firstVertex, int vertexCount) {
-        final AttribDesc[] out = new AttribDesc[VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS];
+        final AttribDesc[] out = new AttribDesc[VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS];
         final List<ByteBuffer> allocated = new ArrayList<>();
         final int prevVBO = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
 
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
         Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<long[]> vboRanges = null;
 
         final long lastVtx = (long) firstVertex + vertexCount - 1;
-        for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-            final VertexAttribState.Attrib a = VertexAttribState.get(i);
-            if (!a.enabled || a.vboId == 0) continue;
+        for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+            if (a == null || !a.enabled || a.vboId == 0) continue;
             final int stride = a.effectiveStride();
-            final long typeBytes = (long) a.size * VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(a.type);
+            final long typeBytes = (long) a.size * VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(a.type);
             final long start = a.offset + (long) firstVertex * stride;
             final long end = a.offset + lastVtx * stride + typeBytes;
 
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
         Int2LongOpenHashMap vboReadOffsets = null;
 
         try {
-            for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-                final VertexAttribState.Attrib a = VertexAttribState.get(i);
-                if (!a.enabled) continue;
+            for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+                final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+                if (a == null || !a.enabled) continue;
 
                 if (a.vboId != 0) {
                     ByteBuffer buf;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/ImmediateModeRecorder.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.DirectTessellator;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.TessellatorManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -293,7 +293,39 @@ public final class ImmediateModeRecorder {
     }
 
     private static float readComponent(AttribReader r, int base, int component) {
-        return VertexAttribState.Attrib.readComponent(r.type, r.normalized, r.data, base, component);
+        return VAOManager.Attrib.readComponent(r.type, r.normalized, r.data, base, component);
+    }
+
+    public static float readComponent(int type, boolean normalized, ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
+        return switch (type) {
+            case GL11.GL_FLOAT -> buf.getFloat(base + component * 4);
+            case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> (float) buf.getDouble(base + component * 8);
+            case GL11.GL_INT -> {
+                final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                yield normalized ? v / (float) Integer.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> {
+                final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                yield normalized ? (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL) / (float) 0xFFFFFFFFL : (float) (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_SHORT -> {
+                final short v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2);
+                yield normalized ? v / (float) Short.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> {
+                final int v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2) & 0xFFFF;
+                yield normalized ? v / (float) 0xFFFF : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_BYTE -> {
+                final byte v = buf.get(base + component);
+                yield normalized ? v / 127.0f : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> {
+                final int v = buf.get(base + component) & 0xFF;
+                yield normalized ? v / 255.0f : (float) v;
+            }
+            default -> 0.0f;
+        };
     }
 
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/AttribLayoutKey.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public final class AttribLayoutKey {
         int base = 0;
         int maxAlign = 1;
         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            final int typeSize = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(types[i]);
+            final int typeSize = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(types[i]);
             if (typeSize > maxAlign) maxAlign = typeSize;
             base = (base + typeSize - 1) & -typeSize;
             off[i] = base;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/IndexedDrawCapture.java

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.QuadConverter;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.AttribSnapshot;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetInt;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetLong;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
             warnOnce("quads-misaligned", "[IndexedDrawCapture] GL_QUADS with indicesCount={} not a multiple of 4 — skipping", indicesCount);
             return null;
         }
-        final int srcIndexSize = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(srcIndexType);
+        final int srcIndexSize = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(srcIndexType);
         if (srcIndexSize <= 0) return null;
 
         final int prevEBO = GLStateManager.getBoundEBO();
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
             snap = AttribSnapshot.snapshot(minVtx, vertexCount);
 
             int enabledCount = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
                 if (snap.get(i) != null) enabledCount++;
             }
             if (enabledCount == 0) {
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
             final int[] types = new int[enabledCount];
             final boolean[] normalized = new boolean[enabledCount];
             int k = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
                 final AttribSnapshot.AttribDesc d = snap.get(i);
                 if (d == null) continue;
                 locations[k] = i;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMRedirector.java

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glFrustum")
             .add("glGetBoolean")
             .add("glGetFloat")
+            .add("glGetFloatv", "glGetFloat")
             .add("glGetInteger")
             .add("glGetLight")
             .add("glGetMaterial")
@@ -296,6 +297,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glStencilOpSeparate")
             .add("glUseProgram")
             .add("glShaderSource")
+            .add("nglShaderSource")
             .add("glLinkProgram")
             .add("glDeleteProgram")
             .add("glCreateShader")
@@ -321,6 +323,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glUniformMatrix2")
             .add("glUniformMatrix3")
             .add("glUniformMatrix4")
+            .add("glUniformMatrix4fv", "glUniformMatrix4")
             .add("glDeleteShader")
             .add("glGetShaderi")
             .add("glGetShaderInfoLog")
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glGenVertexArrays")
             .add("glBindVertexArray")
             .add("glDeleteVertexArrays")
+            .add("glIsVertexArray")
             .add("glBindFramebuffer")
             .add("glDeleteFramebuffers")
             .add("glGenFramebuffers")
@@ -587,18 +591,16 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
                         }
                     } else {
                         final Map<String, String> redirects = mNode.owner.startsWith(GL_PREFIX) ? glMethodRedirects : methodRedirects.get(mNode.owner);
-                        if (redirects != null) {
-                            final String glsmName = redirects.get(mNode.name);
-                            if (glsmName != null) {
-                                if (LOG_SPAM) {
-                                    final String shortOwner = mNode.owner.substring(mNode.owner.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
-                                    LOGGER.info("Redirecting call in {} from {}.{}{} to GLStateManager.{}{}", transformedName, shortOwner, mNode.name, mNode.desc, glsmName, mNode.desc);
-                                }
-                                mNode.owner = GLStateManager;
-                                mNode.name = glsmName;
-                                changed = true;
-                                redirectInMethod = true;
+                        final String glsmName = redirects != null ? redirects.get(mNode.name) : null;
+                        if (glsmName != null) {
+                            if (LOG_SPAM) {
+                                final String shortOwner = mNode.owner.substring(mNode.owner.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
+                                LOGGER.info("Redirecting call in {} from {}.{}{} to GLStateManager.{}{}", transformedName, shortOwner, mNode.name, mNode.desc, glsmName, mNode.desc);
                             }
+                            mNode.owner = GLStateManager;
+                            mNode.name = glsmName;
+                            changed = true;
+                            redirectInMethod = true;
                         }
                     }
                     // Redirect <init> calls for quadric classes
@@ -617,8 +619,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
                     for (int i = 0; i < dynNode.bsmArgs.length; i++) {
                         if (!(dynNode.bsmArgs[i] instanceof Handle handle)) continue;
                         final Map<String, String> redirects = handle.getOwner().startsWith(GL_PREFIX) ? glMethodRedirects : methodRedirects.get(handle.getOwner());
-                        if (redirects == null) continue;
-                        final String glsmName = redirects.get(handle.getName());
+                        final String glsmName = redirects != null ? redirects.get(handle.getName()) : null;
                         if (glsmName == null) continue;
                         if (LOG_SPAM) {
                             final String shortOwner = handle.getOwner().substring(handle.getOwner().lastIndexOf("/") + 1);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/VertexAttribState.java

@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
-
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
-
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayDeque;
-
-/**
- * Per-VAO vertex attribute pointer state tracking (Mesa-style).
- */
-public class VertexAttribState {
-    public static final int MAX_ATTRIBS = 16;
-
-    private static final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<Attrib[]> vaoAttribs = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
-    private static Attrib[] current;
-    private static final ArrayDeque<Attrib[]> pool = new ArrayDeque<>();
-    private static int clientSideEnabledCount;
-
-    public static void init(int defaultVAO) {
-        vaoAttribs.clear();
-        pool.clear();
-        current = allocAttribArray();
-        vaoAttribs.put(defaultVAO, current);
-        clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    public static void onBindVertexArray(int newVAO) {
-        current = vaoAttribs.computeIfAbsent(newVAO, k -> allocAttribArray());
-        recomputeClientSideCount();
-    }
-
-    public static void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
-        final Attrib[] arr = vaoAttribs.remove(vaoId);
-        if (arr != null) {
-            pool.addLast(arr);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void reset() {
-        vaoAttribs.clear();
-        pool.clear();
-        current = null;
-        clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    private static Attrib[] allocAttribArray() {
-        Attrib[] arr = pool.pollFirst();
-        if (arr != null) {
-            for (Attrib a : arr) a.reset();
-            return arr;
-        }
-        arr = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
-        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) arr[i] = new Attrib();
-        return arr;
-    }
-
-    public static void set(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = current[index];
-        final boolean was = a.isClientSide();
-        a.size = size;
-        a.type = type;
-        a.normalized = normalized;
-        a.stride = stride;
-        a.offset = offset;
-        a.vboId = vboId;
-        a.clientPointer = null;
-        if (was) clientSideEnabledCount--;
-    }
-
-    public static void set(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer, int vboId) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = current[index];
-        final boolean was = a.isClientSide();
-        a.size = size;
-        a.type = type;
-        a.normalized = normalized;
-        a.stride = stride;
-        a.offset = 0;
-        a.vboId = vboId;
-        a.clientPointer = (vboId == 0) ? pointer : null;
-        final boolean now = a.isClientSide();
-        if (was != now) clientSideEnabledCount += now ? 1 : -1;
-    }
-
-    public static void setEnabled(int index, boolean enabled) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = current[index];
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled != enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        a.enabled = enabled;
-    }
-
-    public static Attrib get(int index) {
-        return current[index];
-    }
-
-
-
-    private static void recomputeClientSideCount() {
-        int count = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-            if (current[i].isClientSide()) count++;
-        }
-        clientSideEnabledCount = count;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if any currently enabled vertex attribute was registered without a VBO
-     * (i.e. as a client-side pointer). In core profile, such attribs are treated as null
-     * offsets into a non-existent buffer, causing a native crash at draw time.
-     */
-    public static boolean hasAnyClientSideEnabledAttrib() {
-        return clientSideEnabledCount > 0;
-    }
-    public static class Attrib {
-        public boolean enabled;
-        public int size;
-        public int type;
-        public boolean normalized;
-        public int stride;
-        public long offset;
-        public int vboId;
-        public ByteBuffer clientPointer;
-
-        public boolean isClientSide() {
-            return enabled && clientPointer != null;
-        }
-
-        public void reset() {
-            enabled = false;
-            size = 0;
-            type = 0;
-            normalized = false;
-            stride = 0;
-            offset = 0;
-            vboId = 0;
-            clientPointer = null;
-        }
-
-        public int effectiveStride() {
-            return (stride != 0) ? stride : size * typeSizeBytes();
-        }
-
-        public int typeSizeBytes() {
-            return glTypeSizeBytes(type);
-        }
-
-        public static int glTypeSizeBytes(int glType) {
-            return switch (glType) {
-                case GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL11.GL_INT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> 4;
-                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> 8;
-                case GL11.GL_SHORT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> 2;
-                case GL11.GL_BYTE, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> 1;
-                default -> 4;
-            };
-        }
-
-        public float readComponent(ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
-            return readComponent(type, normalized, buf, base, component);
-        }
-
-        public static float readComponent(int type, boolean normalized, ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
-            return switch (type) {
-                case GL11.GL_FLOAT -> buf.getFloat(base + component * 4);
-                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> (float) buf.getDouble(base + component * 8);
-                case GL11.GL_INT -> {
-                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
-                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Integer.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> {
-                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
-                    yield normalized ? (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL) / (float) 0xFFFFFFFFL : (float) (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_SHORT -> {
-                    final short v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2);
-                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Short.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> {
-                    final int v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2) & 0xFFFF;
-                    yield normalized ? v / (float) 0xFFFF : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_BYTE -> {
-                    final byte v = buf.get(base + component);
-                    yield normalized ? v / 127.0f : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> {
-                    final int v = buf.get(base + component) & 0xFF;
-                    yield normalized ? v / 255.0f : (float) v;
-                }
-                default -> 0.0f;
-            };
-        }
-    }
-}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/TessellatorStreamingDrawer.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.QuadConverter;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Tessellator;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
@@ -204,14 +203,8 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
             firstVertex = 0;
         }
 
-        GLStateManager.prepareWideLineEmulation(drawMode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw(flags);
         drawWithQuadConversion(drawMode, firstVertex, vertexCount);
         GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
     }
 
     private static void drawWithQuadConversion(int drawMode, int firstVertex, int vertexCount) {

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSM_VAO_UnitTest.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.opengl.UniversalVAO;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.util.GLSMUtil;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public class GLSM_VAO_UnitTest {
     private static void glBindVertexArray(int array) {
         if (array == 0) array = GLStateManager.getDefaultVAO();
         GLStateManager.boundVAO = array;
-        VertexAttribState.onBindVertexArray(array);
+        VAOManager.onBindVertexArrayPre(array);
         UniversalVAO.bindVertexArray(array);
     }
 }

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testGlColor4fSetsVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.glColor4f(0.5f, 0.25f, 0.75f, 0.8f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] color = getVertexAttrib4f(COLOR_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.5f, color[0], EPSILON, "color.r");
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testGlNormal3fSetsVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] normal = getVertexAttrib4f(NORMAL_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.0f, normal[0], EPSILON, "normal.x");
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testSetLightmapTextureCoordsOnUnit1SetsVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.setLightmapTextureCoords(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1, 240.0f, 128.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] lm = getVertexAttrib4f(SECONDARY_UV_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(240.0f, lm[0], EPSILON, "lightmap.s");
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     void testGlTexCoord2fSetsVertexAttrib() {
         // glTexCoord2f outside recording → sets default vertex attrib 2 (PRIMARY_UV)
         GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0.5f, 0.75f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] uv = getVertexAttrib4f(PRIMARY_UV_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.5f, uv[0], EPSILON, "texcoord.s");
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
         // Second call is a cache hit — changeColor not called.
         // Vertex attrib should still hold the correct value from the first call.
         GLStateManager.glColor4f(0.3f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 1.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] color = getVertexAttrib4f(COLOR_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.3f, color[0], EPSILON, "color.r after dedup");
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testCompileMode_DoesNotSetVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.glColor4f(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         int listId = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
         GLStateManager.glNewList(listId, org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.GL_COMPILE);

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/IndexedDrawBatchBuilderTest.java

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.DisplayListManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands.BatchedIndexedDrawCmd;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands.IndexedDrawBatch;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.support.DisplayListTestFixture;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
@@ -307,10 +307,10 @@ class IndexedDrawBatchBuilderTest extends DisplayListTestFixture {
         GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
         final ByteBuffer colorSlice = clientData.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
         colorSlice.position(8);
-        VertexAttribState.set(0, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, clientData, 0);
-        VertexAttribState.setEnabled(0, true);
-        VertexAttribState.set(1, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, true, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, colorSlice, 0);
-        VertexAttribState.setEnabled(1, true);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(0, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, clientData);
+        VAOManager.enableAttribute(0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(1, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, true, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, colorSlice);
+        VAOManager.enableAttribute(1);
         GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
 
         final int ebo = uploadEbo(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, 1, 2);

lwjgl3-backend/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend.java

@@ -1076,6 +1076,11 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL30C.glBindVertexArray(array);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean isVertexArray(int array) {
+        return GL30C.glIsVertexArray(array);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long pointer) {
         GL20C.glVertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer);
@@ -1366,11 +1371,14 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
 
     @Override
     public boolean supportsDebugOutput() {
-        return caps != null && caps.OpenGL43;
+        return caps != null && (caps.OpenGL43 || caps.GL_KHR_debug);
     }
 
     @Override
     public int setupDebugOutput(DebugMessageHandler handler) {
+        if (caps == null || !(caps.OpenGL43 || caps.GL_KHR_debug)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         debugCallback = GLDebugMessageCallback.create(
             (source, type, id, severity, length, message, userParam) -> {
                 final String msg = GLDebugMessageCallback.getMessage(length, message);
@@ -1398,6 +1406,9 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
 
     @Override
     public int disableDebugOutput() {
+        if (caps == null || !(caps.OpenGL43 || caps.GL_KHR_debug)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         GL43C.glDebugMessageCallback(null, 0L);
         if (debugCallback != null) {
             debugCallback.free();

settings.gradle.kts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pluginManagement {
 }
 
 plugins {
-    id("com.gtnewhorizons.gtnhsettingsconvention") version ("2.0.25")
+    id("com.gtnewhorizons.gtnhsettingsconvention") version ("2.0.26")
 }
 
 include("glsm")

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/client/rendering/DeferredDrawBatcher.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
 
     @Getter private static boolean active = false;
     private static DeferredBatchTessellator batchTessellator;
+    private static long entryStateKey;
 
     private DeferredDrawBatcher() {}
 
@@ -41,13 +42,14 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
         batchTessellator.clearRanges();
         batchTessellator.setParentTessellator(Tessellator.instance);
         batchTessellator.snapshotDefaultModelview();
+        entryStateKey = captureStateKey();
         TessellatorManager.startCapturingDirect(batchTessellator);
     }
 
     /**
      * Exit deferred mode and flush all captured batches. Groups entries by state key
-     * and vertex format, issues one draw per unique group. Restores the GL state that
-     * was active for the last group so vanilla sees consistent state.
+     * and vertex format, issues one draw per unique group. Restores the bracket's entry
+     * state so the trailing vanilla Tessellator.draw() renders with the layer atlas.
      */
     public static void exitAndFlush() {
         active = false;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
         if (!ranges.isEmpty()) {
             ranges.sort(Comparator.comparingLong(DeferredBatchTessellator.DrawRange::stateKey));
             flushSorted(ranges);
+            applyStateKey(entryStateKey);
         }
 
         TessellatorManager.stopCapturingDirect();
@@ -147,7 +150,8 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
      * - fog state (mode, color, start/end — constant for the frame)
      */
     static long captureStateKey() {
-        final int textureId = GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(0).getBinding();
+        final int activeUnit = GLStateManager.getActiveTextureUnit();
+        final int textureId = GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(activeUnit).getBinding();
         final int srcRgb = GLStateManager.getBlendState().getSrcRgb();
         final int dstRgb = GLStateManager.getBlendState().getDstRgb();
         final boolean blendEnabled = GLStateManager.getBlendMode().isEnabled();

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/config/AngelicaConfig.java

@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
 
     @Config.Comment({"Block corners and edges between chunks might have \"cracks\" (various lines/dots) in them.",
             "While using \"Compact Vertex Format\" makes the situation even worse.",
-            "This option fixes it.",
-            "Requires texture reloading (F3 + T) after changing this option to take effect"})
-    @Config.DefaultBoolean(true)
-    public static boolean fixBlockCrack;
+            "This option fixes it, though may lead to other visual artifacts.",
+            "Requires game restart after changing this option to take effect"})
+    @Config.DefaultBoolean(false)
+    public static boolean blockCrackFix;
 
     @Config.Comment({
-            "The \"epsilon\" value for the fixBlockCrack option. ",
+            "The \"epsilon\" value for the blockCrackFix option. ",
             "Set this a bit higher if you can still see lines/dots between solid blocks in dark areas.",
             "May cause intense flickering (z-fighting) between blocks if the value is too high"
     })
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
     @Config.DefaultDouble(0.001)
     public static double blockCrackFixEpsilon;
 
-    @Config.Comment("Block classes that have bugs when rendering with the fixBlockCrack can be put here to avoid manipulating them")
+    @Config.Comment("Block classes that have bugs when rendering with the blockCrackFix can be put here to avoid manipulating them")
     @Config.DefaultStringList({
             "net.minecraft.block.BlockCauldron",
             "net.minecraft.block.BlockStairs"
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
     public static String[] blockCrackFixBlacklist;
 
     @Config.Comment({"Block classes that have render pass other than 0 but still need to be manipulated.",
-                     "Add a block class here if you see flickering (z-fighting) with fixBlockCrack enabled"
+                     "Add a block class here if you see flickering (z-fighting) with blockCrackFix enabled"
     })
     @Config.DefaultStringList({
             "gregtech.common.blocks.BlockOres",

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/Mixins.java

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public enum Mixins implements IMixins {
                     .setPhase(Phase.EARLY)
                     .addClientMixins("angelica.bugfixes.MixinRenderBlocks_CrackFix")
                     .addExcludedMod(TargetedMod.FALSETWEAKS)
-                    .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.fixBlockCrack)),
+                    .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.blockCrackFix)),
 
     ANGELICA_FIX_FLUID_RENDERER_CHECKING_BLOCK_AGAIN(
         new MixinBuilder("Fix RenderBlockFluid reading the block type from the world access multiple times")

src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/compat/dh/DHCompatInternal.java

@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ public class DHCompatInternal {
         if (((IRenderTargetExt) Minecraft.getMinecraft().getFramebuffer()).iris$getDepthBufferVersion() != cachedVersion) {
             cachedVersion = ((IRenderTargetExt) Minecraft.getMinecraft().getFramebuffer()).iris$getDepthBufferVersion();
             createDepthTex(Minecraft.getMinecraft().getFramebuffer().framebufferWidth, Minecraft.getMinecraft().getFramebuffer().framebufferHeight);
+            storedDepthTex = -1;
         }
         if (storedDepthTex != depthTex && dhTerrainFramebuffer != null) {
             storedDepthTex = depthTex;

src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/compat/dh/IrisGenericRenderProgram.java

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ import net.coderbot.iris.uniforms.custom.CustomUniforms;
 import net.irisshaders.iris.api.v0.IrisApi;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.DynamicTexture;
-import org.joml.Matrix3f;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
@@ -46,12 +45,6 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 public class IrisGenericRenderProgram implements IDhApiGenericObjectShaderProgram {
     // Uniforms
-    public final int modelViewUniform;
-    public final int modelViewInverseUniform;
-    public final int projectionUniform;
-    public final int projectionInverseUniform;
-    public final int normalMatrix3fUniform;
-    // Fog/Clip Uniforms
     private final int id;
     private final ProgramUniforms uniforms;
     private final CustomUniforms customUniforms;
@@ -62,7 +55,6 @@ public class IrisGenericRenderProgram implements IDhApiGenericObjectShaderProgra
     private final Matrix4f tempModel = new Matrix4f();
     private final Matrix4f tempProj = new Matrix4f();
     private final Matrix4f tempMat4 = new Matrix4f();
-    private final Matrix3f tempMat3 = new Matrix3f();
 
     private final int instancedShaderOffsetChunkUniform;
     private final int instancedShaderOffsetSubChunkUniform;
@@ -143,12 +135,6 @@ public class IrisGenericRenderProgram implements IDhApiGenericObjectShaderProgra
         GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
         GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
 
-        projectionUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ProjectionMatrix");
-        projectionInverseUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ProjectionMatrixInverse");
-        modelViewUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ModelViewMatrix");
-        modelViewInverseUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ModelViewMatrixInverse");
-        normalMatrix3fUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_NormalMatrix");
-
         this.instancedShaderOffsetChunkUniform = this.tryGetUniformLocation2("uOffsetChunk");
         this.instancedShaderOffsetSubChunkUniform = this.tryGetUniformLocation2("uOffsetSubChunk");
         this.instancedShaderCameraChunkPosUniform = this.tryGetUniformLocation2("uCameraPosChunk");
@@ -213,18 +199,6 @@ public class IrisGenericRenderProgram implements IDhApiGenericObjectShaderProgra
         }
     }
 
-    public void setUniform(int index, Matrix3f matrix) {
-        if (index == -1) return;
-
-        try (MemoryStack stack = MemoryStack.stackPush()) {
-            FloatBuffer buffer = stack.callocFloat(9);
-            matrix.get(buffer);
-            buffer.rewind();
-
-            GLStateManager.glUniformMatrix3(index, false, buffer);
-        }
-    }
-
     // Override ShaderProgram.bind()
     public void bind(DhApiRenderParam renderParam) {
         GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(va);
@@ -238,14 +212,8 @@ public class IrisGenericRenderProgram implements IDhApiGenericObjectShaderProgra
         toJOML(tempModel, renderParam.dhModelViewMatrix);
         toJOML(tempProj, renderParam.dhProjectionMatrix);
 
-        setUniform(modelViewUniform, tempModel);
-        setUniform(projectionUniform, tempProj);
         this.setUniform(this.instancedShaderProjectionModelViewMatrixUniform, tempMat4.set(tempProj).mul(tempModel));
-        tempModel.invert();
-        tempProj.invert();
-        setUniform(modelViewInverseUniform, tempModel);
-        setUniform(projectionInverseUniform, tempProj);
-        setUniform(normalMatrix3fUniform, tempModel.transpose3x3(tempMat3));
+        LodRendererEvents.pushDhMatrices(tempProj, tempModel);
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + IrisSamplers.LIGHTMAP_TEXTURE_UNIT);
         DynamicTexture lightmapTexture = ((EntityRendererAccessor) Minecraft.getMinecraft().entityRenderer).getLightmapTexture();
         GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, lightmapTexture.getGlTextureId());
@@ -259,6 +227,7 @@ public class IrisGenericRenderProgram implements IDhApiGenericObjectShaderProgra
     }
 
     public void unbind() {
+        LodRendererEvents.popDhMatrices();
         GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
         GLStateManager.glUseProgram(0);
         ProgramUniforms.clearActiveUniforms();

src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/compat/dh/IrisLodRenderProgram.java

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package net.coderbot.iris.compat.dh;
 import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.EntityRendererAccessor;
-import com.mitchej123.lwjgl.MemoryStack;
 import com.seibel.distanthorizons.api.DhApi;
 import com.seibel.distanthorizons.api.objects.math.DhApiVec3f;
 import net.coderbot.iris.gl.blending.BlendModeOverride;
@@ -26,15 +25,12 @@ import net.coderbot.iris.uniforms.builtin.BuiltinReplacementUniforms;
 import net.coderbot.iris.uniforms.custom.CustomUniforms;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.DynamicTexture;
-import org.joml.Matrix3f;
-import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL32;
 
-import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -44,11 +40,6 @@ public class IrisLodRenderProgram {
     public final int modelOffsetUniform;
     public final int worldYOffsetUniform;
     public final int mircoOffsetUniform;
-    public final int modelViewUniform;
-    public final int modelViewInverseUniform;
-    public final int projectionUniform;
-    public final int projectionInverseUniform;
-    public final int normalMatrix3fUniform;
     // Fog/Clip Uniforms
     public final int clipDistanceUniform;
     private final int id;
@@ -58,9 +49,6 @@ public class IrisLodRenderProgram {
     private final ProgramImages images;
     private final BlendModeOverride blend;
     private final BufferBlendOverride[] bufferBlendOverrides;
-    private final Matrix4f tempMat4a = new Matrix4f();
-    private final Matrix4f tempMat4b = new Matrix4f();
-    private final Matrix3f tempMat3 = new Matrix3f();
 
     // This will bind  AbstractVertexAttribute
     private IrisLodRenderProgram(String name, boolean isShadowPass, boolean translucent, BlendModeOverride override, BufferBlendOverride[] bufferBlendOverrides, String vertex, String tessControl, String tessEval, String geometry, String fragment, CustomUniforms customUniforms, DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline pipeline) {
@@ -132,11 +120,6 @@ public class IrisLodRenderProgram {
         modelOffsetUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("modelOffset");
         worldYOffsetUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("worldYOffset");
         mircoOffsetUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("mircoOffset");
-        projectionUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ProjectionMatrix");
-        projectionInverseUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ProjectionMatrixInverse");
-        modelViewUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ModelViewMatrix");
-        modelViewInverseUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_ModelViewMatrixInverse");
-        normalMatrix3fUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("iris_NormalMatrix");
 
         // Fog/Clip Uniforms
         clipDistanceUniform = tryGetUniformLocation2("clipDistance");
@@ -176,30 +159,6 @@ public class IrisLodRenderProgram {
         return GLStateManager.glGetUniformLocation(this.id, name);
     }
 
-    public void setUniform(int index, Matrix4fc matrix) {
-        if (index == -1 || matrix == null) return;
-
-        try (MemoryStack stack = MemoryStack.stackPush()) {
-            FloatBuffer buffer = stack.callocFloat(16);
-            matrix.get(buffer);
-            buffer.rewind();
-
-            GLStateManager.glUniformMatrix4(index, false, buffer);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void setUniform(int index, Matrix3f matrix) {
-        if (index == -1) return;
-
-        try (MemoryStack stack = MemoryStack.stackPush()) {
-            FloatBuffer buffer = stack.callocFloat(9);
-            matrix.get(buffer);
-            buffer.rewind();
-
-            GLStateManager.glUniformMatrix3(index, false, buffer);
-        }
-    }
-
     // Override ShaderProgram.bind()
     public void bind() {
         GLStateManager.glUseProgram(id);
@@ -227,11 +186,8 @@ public class IrisLodRenderProgram {
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + IrisSamplers.LIGHTMAP_TEXTURE_UNIT);
         DynamicTexture lightmapTexture = ((EntityRendererAccessor) Minecraft.getMinecraft().entityRenderer).getLightmapTexture();
         GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, lightmapTexture.getGlTextureId());
-        setUniform(modelViewUniform, modelView);
-        setUniform(modelViewInverseUniform, modelView.invert(tempMat4a));
-        setUniform(projectionUniform, projection);
-        setUniform(projectionInverseUniform, projection.invert(tempMat4b));
-        setUniform(normalMatrix3fUniform, tempMat4a.set(modelView).invert().transpose3x3(tempMat3));
+
+        LodRendererEvents.pushDhMatrices(projection, modelView);
 
         setUniform(mircoOffsetUniform, 0.01f); // 0.01 block offset
 

src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/compat/dh/LodRendererEvents.java

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import net.coderbot.iris.shadows.ShadowRenderingState;
 import net.coderbot.iris.uniforms.CapturedRenderingState;
 import net.irisshaders.iris.api.v0.IrisApi;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 public class LodRendererEvents {
@@ -46,6 +47,28 @@ public class LodRendererEvents {
     private static int textureHeight;
     private static final Matrix4f tempMat4 = new Matrix4f();
 
+    private static boolean dhMatricesActive = false;
+    private static final Matrix4f savedModelView = new Matrix4f();
+    private static final Matrix4f savedProjection = new Matrix4f();
+
+    static void pushDhMatrices(Matrix4fc projection, Matrix4fc modelView) {
+        if (!dhMatricesActive) {
+            savedModelView.set(GLStateManager.getModelViewMatrix());
+            savedProjection.set(GLStateManager.getProjectionMatrix());
+            dhMatricesActive = true;
+        }
+        GLStateManager.setModelViewMatrix(modelView);
+        GLStateManager.setProjectionMatrix(projection);
+    }
+
+    static void popDhMatrices() {
+        if (dhMatricesActive) {
+            GLStateManager.setModelViewMatrix(savedModelView);
+            GLStateManager.setProjectionMatrix(savedProjection);
+            dhMatricesActive = false;
+        }
+    }
+
 
     // constructor //
 
@@ -181,6 +204,7 @@ public class LodRendererEvents {
         DhApiBeforeRenderCleanupEvent beforeCleanupEvent = new DhApiBeforeRenderCleanupEvent() {
             @Override
             public void beforeCleanup(DhApiEventParam<DhApiRenderParam> event) {
+                popDhMatrices();
                 if (getInstance().shouldOverride) {
                     if (ShadowRenderingState.areShadowsCurrentlyBeingRendered()) {
                         getInstance().getShadowShader().unbind();

src/mixin/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/early/angelica/bugfixes/MixinItemRenderer_EdgeDepth.java

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.callback.CallbackInfo;
  * 2. During each glint renderItemIn2D call:
  *    a. Pre-pass: no color/depth writes, GL_LEQUAL depth test, increment the stencil 1→2
  *       where depth passes. This determines pixel ownership without corrupting the depth buffer (damn potions...)
- *    b. Color pass: draw only where stencil == 2, GL_ALWAYS depth test, decrement the stencil
+ *    b. Color pass: draw only where stencil == 2, GL_LEQUAL depth test, decrement the stencil
  *       2→1 to reset for the next glint pass.
  *
  * For the shadow pass, all stencil operations are skipped. Shadow FBOs have no stencil attachment.
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public class MixinItemRenderer_EdgeDepth {
         GLStateManager.glColorMask(true, true, true, true);
         GLStateManager.glStencilFunc(GL11.GL_EQUAL, 2, 0x03);
         GLStateManager.glStencilOp(GL11.GL_KEEP, GL11.GL_KEEP, GL11.GL_DECR);
-        GLStateManager.glDepthFunc(GL11.GL_ALWAYS);
+        GLStateManager.glDepthFunc(GL11.GL_LEQUAL);
         original.call(tess, minU, minV, maxU, maxV, w, h, thickness);
 
         // Restore state for the next glint renderItemIn2D call

src/mixin/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/early/angelica/bugfixes/MixinRenderBlocks_CrackFix.java

@@ -254,6 +254,6 @@ public class MixinRenderBlocks_CrackFix {
 	}
 	@Unique
 	private boolean angelica$crackFixOff() {
-		return !AngelicaConfig.fixBlockCrack || angelica$disableCrackFix;
+		return !AngelicaConfig.blockCrackFix || angelica$disableCrackFix;
 	}
 }