Reenable compute shaders (#1918)

Co-authored-by: Jason Mitchell <[email protected]>

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Description or your *PR* and other info
+<!-- Please include a summary of the change -->
+<!-- Any details that you think are important to review this PR? -->
+<!-- Are there any Issues / PRs related to this one? -->
+
+<!-- Add a screenshot or a video demonstration for new features -->
+
+<details open><summary>Template</summary> <!-- OPEN is intentional -->
+
+### Before submitting a *pull request* make sure you have:
+- [ ] Read the [AI Contribution Policy](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Angelica/blob/master/AI_POLICY.md)
+- [ ] At least [skimmed](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/Angelica/search?q=is%3Apr&type=Issues) the tracker for similar pull requests
+
+</details>

.github/scripts/announce-release.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+: "${REPO:?REPO required}"
+: "${TAG:?TAG required}"
+
+if [ -z "${DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL:-}" ]; then
+  echo "DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL not set, skipping"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if ! release_json=$(gh release view "$TAG" --repo "$REPO" --json body,url,publishedAt 2>&1); then
+  echo "Could not read release $TAG in $REPO; skipping:"
+  printf '%s\n' "$release_json"
+  exit 0
+fi
+body=$(jq -r '.body // ""' <<<"$release_json")
+url=$(jq -r '.url' <<<"$release_json")
+ts=$(jq -r '.publishedAt // ""' <<<"$release_json")
+[ -n "$ts" ] || ts=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
+
+payload=$(jq -n \
+  --arg title "$TAG" \
+  --arg url "$url" \
+  --arg desc "$body" \
+  --arg ts "$ts" \
+  '{
+    embeds: [{
+      title: ("Angelica " + $title + " released"),
+      url: $url,
+      description: (if ($desc | length) > 3900
+                    then $desc[0:3900] + "\n\n...[full changelog](" + $url + ")"
+                    else $desc end),
+      color: 3066993,
+      footer: { text: "GitHub Releases" },
+      timestamp: $ts
+    }]
+  }')
+
+curl -fsS -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$payload" "$DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL"

.github/workflows/release-tags.yml

@@ -12,3 +12,22 @@ jobs:
   release-tags:
     uses: GTNewHorizons/GTNH-Actions-Workflows/.github/workflows/release-tags.yml@master
     secrets: inherit
+
+  notify-discord:
+    needs: [release-tags]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: >-
+      ${{ !endsWith(github.ref_name, '-snapshot')
+          && !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[snapshot]')
+          && !endsWith(github.ref_name, '-pre') }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Announce release to Discord
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.DISCORD_RELEASE_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        run: bash .github/scripts/announce-release.sh

AI_POLICY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# AI Usage Policy
+
+This project has strict rules for AI usage:
+
+* **The human-in-the-loop must fully understand all code.** If you
+can't explain what your changes do and how they interact with the
+greater system without the aid of AI tools, do not contribute
+those changes.
+
+* **Issues and discussions can use AI assistance but must have a full
+human-in-the-loop.** This means that any content generated with AI
+must have been reviewed *and edited* by a human before submission.
+The author must do their research and trim this down.
+
+* **No AI-generated media is allowed (textures, videos, audio, etc.).**
+Text and code are the only acceptable AI-generated content, per the
+other rules in this policy.
+
+* **Commit messages, PR descriptions must read in your own voice.**
+No AI-authored or AI co-authored commits, including Co-authored-by AI tags.
+
+* **Only contribute fixes for bugs you have personally hit in-game.**
+If you haven’t experienced or reproduced a bug firsthand, and don’t
+already know the relevant code well, don’t throw AI at it and forward it to us.
+Patches written for problems the author never actually experienced themselves
+tend to fix the wrong thing and/or produce another.
+
+* **The voice and intent of written content must be yours.**
+For documentation and especially quests, the tone and the point you're trying to make
+has to come from you, not an AI. Use AI to help with phrasing or cleanup if you like,
+but if the substance and voice aren't yours, don't contribute it.
+
+* **Bad AI use may be blocked.** People who produce bad contributions
+that are clearly AI (slop) may be blocked from making future contributions.
+We love to help junior developers learn and grow, but if you're interested
+in that, don't use AI and we'll help you. We're sorry that bad AI
+users have ruined this for you.
+
+
+## There are Humans Here
+
+Please remember that this project is maintained by humans.
+
+Every discussion, issue, and pull request is read and reviewed by
+humans (and sometimes machines, too). It is a boundary point at which
+people interact with each other and work is done. It is rude and
+disrespectful to approach this boundary with low-effort, unqualified
+work, since it puts the burden of validation on the maintainer.
+
+In a perfect world, AI would produce high-quality, accurate work
+every time. But today, that reality depends on the user of the AI.
+And today, many users of AI do not use it well. So, until that
+changes, we need to have strict rules to protect maintainers.
+
+Based on https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/blob/main/AI_POLICY.md

README.MD

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Targets GL 3.3+ core profile
 
 # Required Dependencies
 * [UniMixins](https://github.com/LegacyModdingMC/UniMixins/releases) >= 0.1.23
-* [GTNHLib](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/GTNHLib/releases) >= 0.9.0
+* [GTNHLib](https://github.com/GTNewHorizons/GTNHLib/releases) >= 0.11.19
 * NOTE: Some mods are not required, but a specific version is required if present - see: `Permanent Incompatibilities` below.
 
 # Known (temporary) Incompatibilities

dependencies.gradle

@@ -76,21 +76,21 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Iris Shaders
     compileOnly('org.jetbrains:annotations:26.0.2')
-    api("com.github.GTNewHorizons:GTNHLib:0.11.4:dev")
+    api("com.github.GTNewHorizons:GTNHLib:0.11.19:dev")
 
     shadowImplementation(project(":glsm")) { transitive = false }
     shadowImplementation(project(":lwjgl3-backend")) { transitive = false }
     shadowImplementation("net.minecraftforge:eventbus:7.0-beta.15")
 
     shadowImplementation("org.anarres:jcpp:1.4.14") // Apache 2.0
-    shadowImplementation("org.taumc:glsl-transformation-lib:0.2.0-32.g7dd88a4-GTNH") {
+    shadowImplementation("org.taumc:glsl-transformation-lib:0.2.0-33.g3ec381e") {
         exclude module: "antlr4" // we only want to shadow the runtime module
     }
     shadowImplementation("org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.13.2")
     compileOnly "org.apache.ant:ant:1.8.2"
 
     // Celeritas (transitive=false: deps provided by GTNHLib/runtime)
-    embedOnly("org.embeddedt.celeritas:celeritas-common:2.5.4-GTNH") { transitive = false }
+    embedOnly("org.embeddedt.celeritas:celeritas-common:2.5.5-GTNH") { transitive = false }
     embedOnly("org.embeddedt.celeritas:celeritas-lwjgl2-service:2.5.3-GTNH") { transitive = false }
 
     // Because who doesn't want NEI
@@ -173,8 +173,13 @@ dependencies {
             testImplementation('org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher')
 
             testImplementation('com.tngtech.archunit:archunit-junit5:1.4.1')
+
+            testRuntimeOnly("it.unimi.dsi:fastutil:8.5.18")
+            testRuntimeOnly("org.joml:joml:1.10.8")
         }
     }
 
     compileOnly("mega:fluidlogged-mc1.7.10:0.1.2")
+
+    compileOnly("com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks:CubicChunks1710:v0.1.5-alpha:dev") { transitive = false }
 }

glsm/build.gradle.kts

@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ dependencies {
     // Deps (normally from MC) - compile only, but needed at test runtime
     compileOnly("com.google.guava:guava:${property("guavaVersion")}")
     testRuntimeOnly("com.google.guava:guava:${property("guavaVersion")}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("it.unimi.dsi:fastutil:${property("fastutilVersion")}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.joml:joml:${property("jomlVersion")}") { isTransitive = false }
 
     // Test
     testImplementation(sourceSets["stubs"].output)

glsm/gradle.properties

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ celeritasVersion = 2.5.3-GTNH
 lombokVersion = 1.18.42
 log4jVersion = 2.0-beta9
 guavaVersion = 18.0
-gtnhlibVersion = 0.10.0
+gtnhlibVersion = 0.11.19
+fastutilVersion = 8.5.18
+jomlVersion = 1.10.8
 glslTransformLibVersion = 0.2.0-26.g5ee7d96-GTNH
 antlr4RuntimeVersion = 4.13.2
 jcppVersion = 1.4.14

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatShaderTransformer.java

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTree;
+import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode;
+import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLLexer;
+import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
 import org.taumc.glsl.ShaderParser;
 import org.taumc.glsl.Transformer;
 
@@ -8,9 +13,11 @@ import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
@@ -182,8 +189,9 @@ public class CompatShaderTransformer {
             transformer.rename("gl_FrontColor", "angelica_FrontColor");
             transformer.prependMain("angelica_FrontColor = vec4(1.0);");
 
-            // Vertex attributes — replaces removed FFP vertex inputs with explicit in declarations
-            transformVertexAttributes(transformer, source);
+            final FFPInputs ffp = FFPInputs.detect(source);
+            assignVertexInputLocations(transformer, ffp);
+            transformVertexAttributes(transformer, source, ffp);
         } else {
             if (source.contains("gl_Color")) {
                 transformer.injectVariable("in vec4 angelica_FrontColor;");
@@ -310,25 +318,25 @@ public class CompatShaderTransformer {
     /**
      * Replace removed FFP vertex attributes with explicit {@code in} declarations at core profile attribute locations.
      */
-    private static void transformVertexAttributes(Transformer transformer, String source) {
-        if (source.contains("gl_Vertex") || source.contains("ftransform")) {
+    private static void transformVertexAttributes(Transformer transformer, String source, FFPInputs ffp) {
+        if (ffp.position()) {
             transformer.injectVariable("layout(location = 0) in vec4 angelica_Vertex;");
             transformer.rename("gl_Vertex", "angelica_Vertex");
         }
         // gl_Color in vertex shaders is the per-vertex color attribute, distinct from the fragment gl_Color (interpolated gl_FrontColor) handled above
-        if (source.contains("gl_Color")) {
+        if (ffp.color()) {
             transformer.injectVariable("layout(location = 1) in vec4 angelica_Color;");
             transformer.rename("gl_Color", "angelica_Color");
         }
-        if (source.contains("gl_MultiTexCoord0")) {
+        if (ffp.uv0()) {
             transformer.injectVariable("layout(location = 2) in vec4 angelica_MultiTexCoord0;");
             transformer.rename("gl_MultiTexCoord0", "angelica_MultiTexCoord0");
         }
-        if (source.contains("gl_MultiTexCoord1")) {
+        if (ffp.uv1()) {
             transformer.injectVariable("layout(location = 3) in vec4 angelica_MultiTexCoord1;");
             transformer.rename("gl_MultiTexCoord1", "angelica_MultiTexCoord1");
         }
-        if (source.contains("gl_Normal")) {
+        if (ffp.normal()) {
             transformer.injectVariable("layout(location = 4) in vec3 angelica_Normal;");
             transformer.rename("gl_Normal", "angelica_Normal");
         }
@@ -337,6 +345,145 @@ public class CompatShaderTransformer {
         }
     }
 
+    private static final int MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS = 16;
+
+    private record FFPInputs(boolean position, boolean color, boolean uv0, boolean uv1, boolean normal) {
+        static FFPInputs detect(String source) {
+            return new FFPInputs(
+                source.contains("gl_Vertex") || source.contains("ftransform"),
+                source.contains("gl_Color"),
+                source.contains("gl_MultiTexCoord0"),
+                source.contains("gl_MultiTexCoord1"),
+                source.contains("gl_Normal"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Adaptation of Mesa's assign_attribute_or_color_locations */
+    private static void assignVertexInputLocations(Transformer transformer, FFPInputs ffp) {
+        int used = 0;
+        if (ffp.position()) used |= 1 << Usage.POSITION.getAttributeLocation();
+        if (ffp.color()) used |= 1 << Usage.COLOR.getAttributeLocation();
+        if (ffp.uv0()) used |= 1 << Usage.PRIMARY_UV.getAttributeLocation();
+        if (ffp.uv1()) used |= 1 << Usage.SECONDARY_UV.getAttributeLocation();
+        if (ffp.normal()) used |= 1 << Usage.NORMAL.getAttributeLocation();
+
+        record Input(String name, String baseType, String arraySuffix, int slots, int index) {}
+        final List<Input> toAssign = new ArrayList<>();
+        int index = 0;
+
+        for (TerminalNode storage : transformer.collectStorage()) {
+            final int tokenType = storage.getSymbol().getType();
+            if (tokenType != GLSLLexer.ATTRIBUTE && tokenType != GLSLLexer.IN) continue;
+
+            ParseTree node = storage.getParent();
+            while (node != null && !(node instanceof GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext)) {
+                node = node.getParent();
+            }
+            if (!(node instanceof GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext decl)) continue;
+            if (decl.typeless_declaration() == null) continue;
+
+            final GLSLParser.Type_specifierContext typeSpec = decl.fully_specified_type().type_specifier();
+            final String baseType = GlslTransformUtils.getFormattedShader(typeSpec.type_specifier_nonarray(), "").trim();
+            final int typeArraySlots = arraySlots(typeSpec.array_specifier());
+            final String typeArray = arraySuffix(typeSpec.array_specifier());
+
+            if (hasLayoutQualifier(decl)) {
+                final int loc = explicitLocation(decl);
+                final int slots = baseSlots(baseType) * typeArraySlots * arraySlots(decl.typeless_declaration().array_specifier());
+                if (loc >= 0) used |= slotMask(slots) << loc;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final List<GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext> declarators = new ArrayList<>();
+            declarators.add(decl.typeless_declaration());
+            if (decl.getParent() instanceof GLSLParser.Init_declarator_listContext list) {
+                declarators.addAll(list.typeless_declaration());
+            }
+            for (GLSLParser.Typeless_declarationContext d : declarators) {
+                if (d.IDENTIFIER() == null) continue;
+                final int slots = baseSlots(baseType) * typeArraySlots * arraySlots(d.array_specifier());
+                final String arraySuffix = typeArray + arraySuffix(d.array_specifier());
+                toAssign.add(new Input(d.IDENTIFIER().getText(), baseType, arraySuffix, slots, index++));
+            }
+        }
+
+        toAssign.sort((a, b) -> a.slots() != b.slots() ? b.slots() - a.slots() : a.index() - b.index());
+
+        for (Input in : toAssign) {
+            final int loc = findAvailableSlots(used, in.slots());
+            if (loc < 0) continue;
+            used |= slotMask(in.slots()) << loc;
+            transformer.removeVariable(in.name());
+            transformer.variable = null;
+            transformer.injectVariable("layout(location = " + loc + ") in " + in.baseType() + " " + in.name() + in.arraySuffix() + ";");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String arraySuffix(GLSLParser.Array_specifierContext arraySpec) {
+        return arraySpec != null ? GlslTransformUtils.getFormattedShader(arraySpec, "").trim() : "";
+    }
+
+    private static int arraySlots(GLSLParser.Array_specifierContext arraySpec) {
+        if (arraySpec == null) return 1;
+        int product = 1;
+        for (GLSLParser.DimensionContext dim : arraySpec.dimension()) {
+            if (dim.constant_expression() == null) continue;
+            try {
+                product *= Integer.decode(GlslTransformUtils.getFormattedShader(dim.constant_expression(), "").trim());
+            } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}
+        }
+        return product;
+    }
+
+    private static int baseSlots(String type) {
+        final String dims = type.startsWith("dmat") ? type.substring(4) : type.startsWith("mat") ? type.substring(3) : null;
+        if (dims != null && !dims.isEmpty() && Character.isDigit(dims.charAt(0))) {
+            return dims.charAt(0) - '0';
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    private static int slotMask(int slots) {
+        return (slots >= 32) ? -1 : (1 << slots) - 1;
+    }
+
+    private static int findAvailableSlots(int used, int needed) {
+        if (needed <= 0) return -1;
+        final int mask = slotMask(needed);
+        for (int i = 0; i <= MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS - needed; i++) {
+            if (((mask << i) & ~used) == (mask << i)) return i;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private static int explicitLocation(GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext decl) {
+        final GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext qualifier = decl.fully_specified_type().type_qualifier();
+        if (qualifier == null) return -1;
+        for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext single : qualifier.single_type_qualifier()) {
+            final GLSLParser.Layout_qualifierContext layout = single.layout_qualifier();
+            if (layout == null) continue;
+            for (GLSLParser.Layout_qualifier_idContext id : layout.layout_qualifier_id_list().layout_qualifier_id()) {
+                if (id.IDENTIFIER() != null && "location".equals(id.IDENTIFIER().getText()) && id.constant_expression() != null) {
+                    try {
+                        return Integer.decode(GlslTransformUtils.getFormattedShader(id.constant_expression(), "").trim());
+                    } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasLayoutQualifier(GLSLParser.Single_declarationContext decl) {
+        final GLSLParser.Type_qualifierContext qualifier = decl.fully_specified_type().type_qualifier();
+        if (qualifier == null) return false;
+        for (GLSLParser.Single_type_qualifierContext single : qualifier.single_type_qualifier()) {
+            if (single.layout_qualifier() != null) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private static void dumpShader(String original, String transformed, boolean isFragment, boolean wasTransformed) {
         if (DUMP_DIR == null) return;
         final int id = dumpCounter.getAndIncrement();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java

@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
     static final int MAT_FIELDS = 5;
     static final int LOC_MAT_BASE = LOC_LIGHT_BASE + 2 * LIGHT_FIELDS; // 43
 
-    static final int LOC_COUNT = LOC_MAT_BASE + MAT_FIELDS; // 48
+    static final int LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE = LOC_MAT_BASE + MAT_FIELDS; // 48
+    static final int LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE = LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE + 1; // 49
+
+    static final int LOC_COUNT = LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE + 1; // 50
 
     private static final String[] LIGHT_FIELD_NAMES = {
         "ambient", "diffuse", "specular", "position", "halfVector",
@@ -89,6 +92,8 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_NORMAL] = "iris_NormalMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_LIGHTMAP_TEXTURE_MATRIX] = "iris_LightmapTextureMatrix";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_TEXTURE_MATRIX] = "iris_TextureMatrix";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] = "iris_ModelViewMatrixInverse";
+        UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE] = "iris_ProjectionMatrixInverse";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_ALPHA_TEST_REF] = "angelica_currentAlphaTest";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_SCENE_COLOR] = "angelica_SceneColor";
         UNIFORM_NAMES[LOC_CLIP_PLANES] = "angelica_ClipPlane[0]";
@@ -229,10 +234,15 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             }
 
             // ModelView Inverse
-            if (locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
+            if (locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1 || locs[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
                 mv.invert(scratchMatrix);
                 scratchMatrix.get(mat4Buf);
-                RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                if (locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_MODELVIEW_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
+                if (locs[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_IRIS_MODELVIEW_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -266,10 +276,15 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             }
 
             // Projection Inverse
-            if (locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
+            if (locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1 || locs[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
                 proj.invert(scratchMatrix);
                 scratchMatrix.get(mat4Buf);
-                RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                if (locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_PROJECTION_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
+                if (locs[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE] != -1) {
+                    RENDER_BACKEND.uniformMatrix4(locs[LOC_IRIS_PROJECTION_INVERSE], false, mat4Buf);
+                }
             }
         }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/DisplayListManager.java

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
         int listMode,
         CommandRecorder recorder,
         List<AccumulatedDraw> draws,
+        DisplayListCallback callback,
         StackTraceElement[] stackTrace,
 
         // Debug logging fields (only used when LOG_DISPLAY_LIST_COMPILATION)
@@ -131,6 +132,22 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
         return currentRecorder != null && Thread.currentThread() == recordingThread;
     }
 
+    public static UnsupportedOperationException unsupportedInList(String what) {
+        final UnsupportedOperationException e = new UnsupportedOperationException( what + " in display lists not yet implemented - if you see this, please report! " + describeCurrentCompilation());
+        GLStateManager.warnOnce("unsupported:" + what, "Aborting display list {} compilation: {} unsupported during recording", glListId, what);
+        abortCompilation();
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    public static String describeCurrentCompilation() {
+        if (currentRecorder == null) {
+            return "(not compiling)";
+        }
+        final String mode = glListMode == GL11.GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE ? "GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE" : "GL_COMPILE";
+        final int depth = compilationStack.size() + 1;
+        return "while compiling display list " + glListId + " (" + mode + (depth > 1 ? ", nesting depth " + depth : "") + ")";
+    }
+
     public static boolean isCompileAndExecute() {
         return glListMode == GL11.GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE;
     }
@@ -159,7 +176,9 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
      * Only use this if you are 100% that the transforms will not be of any use after the display list draw call.
      */
     public static void discardMatrixTransforms() {
-        resetRelativeTransform();
+        if (isRecording()) {
+            resetRelativeTransform();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -748,7 +767,7 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
             // Nested display list compilation violates OpenGL spec, but some of our optimizations require it
             // Save current compilation context and start fresh for nested list
             final CompilationContext parentContext = new CompilationContext(
-                glListId, glListMode, currentRecorder, accumulatedDraws,
+                glListId, glListMode, currentRecorder, accumulatedDraws, transformCallback,
                 compilationStackTrace, pendingTransformOps, multMatrixSources, drawRangeSources
             );
             compilationStack.push(parentContext);
@@ -782,11 +801,24 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
      */
     public static void glEndList() {
         if (glListMode == 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("glEndList called outside of a display list!");
+            GLStateManager.warnOnce("endlist-outside", "glEndList called outside of a display list!");
+            return;
         }
+        try {
+            finishCurrentList();
+        } finally {
+            // Non-null here means finishCurrentList threw before transferring or releasing
+            // ownership of the recorder.
+            if (currentRecorder != null) {
+                currentRecorder.delete();
+            }
+            // Must always run, even when compilation fails - a leaked context leaves
+            // isRecording() true forever and every guarded GL call throws afterward.
+            popCompilationContext();
+        }
+    }
 
-        final boolean isNested = !compilationStack.isEmpty();
-
+    private static void finishCurrentList() {
         // Stop compiling mode (works for both root and nested lists now)
         TessellatorManager.stopCapturingDirect();
 
@@ -803,8 +835,9 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
         final boolean hasCommands = !commandBuffer.isEmpty();
 
         if (hasCommands) {
-            final DisplayListVBO compiledBuffers = new DisplayListVBOBuilder().addDraws(accumulatedDraws).build();
+            DisplayListVBO compiledBuffers = null;
             try {
+                compiledBuffers = new DisplayListVBOBuilder().addDraws(accumulatedDraws).build();
                 final IndexedDrawBatchBuilder indexedBuilder = commandBuffer.getIndexedDraws();
                 final List<IndexedDrawBatch> indexedBatches;
                 if (indexedBuilder.isEmpty()) {
@@ -824,16 +857,23 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
                     }
                 }
 
-                compiled = new CompiledDisplayList(commandBuffer.finish(), commandBuffer.getComplexObjects(), compiledBuffers, indexedBatches);
+                final DisplayListCommand[] complexObjects = commandBuffer.getComplexObjects();
+                compiled = new CompiledDisplayList(commandBuffer.finish(), complexObjects, compiledBuffers, indexedBatches);
+                currentRecorder = null;
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 GLStateManager.LOGGER.error("Encountered a fatal issue while trying to compile a display list.");
                 e.printStackTrace();
                 commandBuffer.delete();
+                currentRecorder = null;
+                if (compiledBuffers != null) {
+                    compiledBuffers.delete();
+                }
                 return;
             }
         } else {
             // Free the recorder even if empty
             commandBuffer.delete();
+            currentRecorder = null;
             // Empty display list - per OpenGL spec, still valid after glNewList/glEndList
             compiled = CompiledDisplayList.EMPTY;
         }
@@ -846,6 +886,10 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
         if (LOG_DISPLAY_LIST_COMPILATION) {
             logCompiledDisplayList(glListId, compiled, compilationStackTrace);
         }
+    }
+
+    private static void popCompilationContext() {
+        final boolean isNested = !compilationStack.isEmpty();
 
         // Handle nested compilation - restore parent context
         if (isNested) {
@@ -856,6 +900,7 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
             glListMode = parentContext.listMode;
             currentRecorder = parentContext.recorder;
             accumulatedDraws = parentContext.draws;
+            transformCallback = parentContext.callback;
             compilationStackTrace = parentContext.stackTrace;
             pendingTransformOps = parentContext.pendingOps;
             multMatrixSources = parentContext.matrixSources;
@@ -865,16 +910,56 @@ public class DisplayListManager {
             // Parent's COMPILING callback is now active again
         } else {
             // Not nested - clear all compilation state
-            currentRecorder = null;
-            recordingThread = null;
-            accumulatedDraws = null;
-            pendingDraw = null;
-            compilationStackTrace = null;
-            pendingTransformOps = null;
-            multMatrixSources = null;
-            drawRangeSources = null;
-            glListId = -1;
-            glListMode = 0;
+            resetCompilationState();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Clear all root-level compilation state back to "not recording". */
+    private static void resetCompilationState() {
+        currentRecorder = null;
+        recordingThread = null;
+        accumulatedDraws = null;
+        pendingDraw = null;
+        transformCallback = null;
+        compilationStackTrace = null;
+        pendingTransformOps = null;
+        multMatrixSources = null;
+        drawRangeSources = null;
+        glListId = -1;
+        glListMode = 0;
+    }
+
+    public static void abortCompilation() {
+        if (glListMode == 0 && compilationStack.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int levels = compilationStack.size() + (glListMode != 0 ? 1 : 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++) {
+            try {
+                TessellatorManager.stopCapturingDirect();
+            } catch (IllegalStateException ignored) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (currentRecorder != null) {
+            currentRecorder.delete();
+        }
+        for (CompilationContext ctx : compilationStack) {
+            if (ctx.recorder() != null) {
+                ctx.recorder().delete();
+            }
+        }
+        compilationStack.clear();
+
+        resetCompilationState();
+    }
+
+    public static void abortIfLeaked() {
+        if (glListMode != 0 || !compilationStack.isEmpty()) {
+            GLStateManager.warnOnce("frame-leak", "Display list {} left open across a frame boundary - aborting to recover", glListId);
+            abortCompilation();
         }
     }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/FeedbackManager.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.ImmediateModeRecorder;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ViewportState;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 import org.joml.Vector4f;
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
 /**
  * Software emulation of GL feedback mode
  */
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     }
 
     private static int positionStride() {
-        final int s = VertexAttribState.get(0).effectiveStride();
+        final int s = VAOManager.getAttribEffectiveStride(0);
         return (s != 0) ? s : 12;
     }
 
     private static long positionOffset() {
-        return VertexAttribState.get(0).offset;
+        return VAOManager.getAttribOffset(0);
     }
 
     public static void processDrawArrays(int mode, int first, int count) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
         computeMVP();
         final int stride = positionStride();
 
-        final int elementSize = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+        final int elementSize = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
         final int indexByteCount = indexCount * elementSize;
         ensureIndexReadbackCapacity(indexByteCount);
         indexReadbackBuf.clear().limit(indexByteCount);
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public class FeedbackManager {
     }
 
     private static void readPositionBuffer(long offset, ByteBuffer destination) {
-        final int positionVbo = VertexAttribState.get(0).vboId;
+        final int positionVbo = VAOManager.getAttribVBO(0);
         final int previousVbo = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
 
         if (positionVbo != 0 && positionVbo != previousVbo) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/QuadConverter.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
 
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memAddress0;
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memAlloc;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memFree;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetByte;
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetInt;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetShort;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutInt;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memPutShort;
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
 
 /**
  * Shared quad-to-triangle EBO for core profile GL_QUADS emulation.
@@ -83,6 +83,15 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
      * @param vertexCount number of vertices (must be multiple of 4)
      */
     public static void drawQuadsAsTriangles(int first, int vertexCount) {
+        drawSharedQuadEbo(first, vertexCount, 1, false);
+    }
+
+    public static void drawQuadsAsTrianglesInstanced(int first, int vertexCount, int primcount) {
+        drawSharedQuadEbo(first, vertexCount, primcount, true);
+    }
+
+    private static void drawSharedQuadEbo(int first, int vertexCount, int primcount, boolean instanced) {
+        GLStateManager.preDraw();
         assert first % 4 == 0 : "QuadConverter: first (" + first + ") must be a multiple of 4";
         assert vertexCount % 4 == 0 : "QuadConverter: vertexCount (" + vertexCount + ") must be a multiple of 4";
         final int quadCount = vertexCount / 4;
@@ -91,7 +100,11 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
         RENDER_BACKEND.bindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, eboId);
         // Index offset: first vertex / 4 quads * 6 indices * 4 bytes per int
         final long indexOffset = (long) (first / 4) * 6 * 4;
-        RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, quadCount * 6, INDEX_TYPE, indexOffset);
+        if (instanced) {
+            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElementsInstanced(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, quadCount * 6, INDEX_TYPE, indexOffset, primcount);
+        } else {
+            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, quadCount * 6, INDEX_TYPE, indexOffset);
+        }
         RENDER_BACKEND.bindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevEbo);
     }
 
@@ -106,6 +119,11 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
      * @param bytesPerIndex  bytes per index element
      */
     private static void uploadAndDraw(ByteBuffer dst, int triIndexCount, int indexType, int bytesPerIndex) {
+        uploadAndDraw(dst, triIndexCount, indexType, bytesPerIndex, 1, false);
+    }
+
+    private static void uploadAndDraw(ByteBuffer dst, int triIndexCount, int indexType, int bytesPerIndex, int primcount, boolean instanced) {
+        GLStateManager.preDraw();
         final int needed = triIndexCount * bytesPerIndex;
         final int prevEbo = GLStateManager.getBoundEBO();
 
@@ -124,7 +142,11 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
         }
         RENDER_BACKEND.bufferSubData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, dst);
 
-        RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, triIndexCount, indexType, 0L);
+        if (instanced) {
+            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElementsInstanced(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, triIndexCount, indexType, 0L, primcount);
+        } else {
+            RENDER_BACKEND.drawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, triIndexCount, indexType, 0L);
+        }
 
         RENDER_BACKEND.bindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevEbo);
         memFree(dst);
@@ -139,12 +161,20 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
      * @param offset     byte offset into the currently bound EBO
      */
     public static void drawQuadElementsAsTriangles(int indexCount, int type, long offset) {
+        drawQuadElementsFromEbo(indexCount, type, offset, 1, false);
+    }
+
+    public static void drawQuadElementsAsTrianglesInstanced(int indexCount, int type, long offset, int primcount) {
+        drawQuadElementsFromEbo(indexCount, type, offset, primcount, true);
+    }
+
+    private static void drawQuadElementsFromEbo(int indexCount, int type, long offset, int primcount, boolean instanced) {
         if (indexCount == 0) return;
         assert indexCount % 4 == 0 : "QuadConverter: indexCount must be multiple of 4";
         final int quadCount = indexCount / 4;
         final int triIndexCount = quadCount * 6;
 
-        final int bytesPerIndex = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+        final int bytesPerIndex = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
 
         final ByteBuffer src = memAlloc(indexCount * bytesPerIndex);
         RENDER_BACKEND.getBufferSubData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, offset, src);
@@ -153,7 +183,7 @@ public final class QuadConverter {
         triangulateQuads(memAddress0(src), type, memAddress0(dst), GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, quadCount);
 
         memFree(src);
-        uploadAndDraw(dst, triIndexCount, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 4);
+        uploadAndDraw(dst, triIndexCount, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 4, primcount, instanced);
     }
 
     /**

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.dsa.DSACore;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.dsa.DSAEXT;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.dsa.DSAUnsupported;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend.java

@@ -310,6 +310,16 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL31.glDrawElementsInstanced(mode, count, type, indices, primcount);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void drawArraysInstanced(int mode, int first, int count, int primcount) {
+        GL31.glDrawArraysInstanced(mode, first, count, primcount);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void provokingVertex(int provokeMode) {
+        GL32.glProvokingVertex(provokeMode);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void multiDrawElementsIndirect(int mode, int type, long indirect, int drawcount, int stride) {
         org.lwjgl.opengl.GL43.glMultiDrawElementsIndirect(mode, type, indirect, drawcount, stride);
@@ -507,11 +517,6 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL11.glPixelStorei(pname, param);
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void pixelStoref(int pname, float param) {
-        GL11.glPixelStoref(pname, param);
-    }
-
     @Override
     public void sampleCoverage(float value, boolean invert) {
         GL13.glSampleCoverage(value, invert);
@@ -817,6 +822,11 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL20.glUniform4i(location, v0, v1, v2, v3);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void uniform2(int location, FloatBuffer value) {
+        GL20.glUniform2(location, value);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void uniform3(int location, FloatBuffer value) {
         GL20.glUniform3(location, value);
@@ -827,6 +837,26 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL20.glUniform4(location, value);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void uniform1iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20.glUniform1(location, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void uniform2iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20.glUniform2(location, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void uniform3iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20.glUniform3(location, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void uniform4iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20.glUniform4(location, value);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void uniformMatrix3(int location, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value) {
         GL20.glUniformMatrix3(location, transpose, value);
@@ -1043,6 +1073,11 @@ public final class Lwjgl2GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL30.glBindVertexArray(array);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean isVertexArray(int array) {
+        return GL30.glIsVertexArray(array);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long pointer) {
         GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/backend/RenderBackend.java

@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
     public abstract void multiDrawElementsIndirect(int mode, int type, long indirect, int drawcount, int stride);
     public abstract void copyBufferSubData(int readTarget, int writeTarget, long readOffset, long writeOffset, long size);
     public abstract void drawElementsInstanced(int mode, int count, int type, long indices, int primcount);
+    public abstract void drawArraysInstanced(int mode, int first, int count, int primcount);
+    public void provokingVertex(int provokeMode) {}
     public abstract void drawElementsBaseVertex(int mode, int count, int type, long indices, int baseVertex);
     public abstract void multiDrawElementsBaseVertex(int mode, long pCount, int type, long pIndices, int drawcount, long pBaseVertex);
     public abstract void drawBuffer(int mode);
@@ -125,7 +127,6 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
     public abstract int getTexLevelParameteri(int target, int level, int pname);
     public abstract void generateMipmap(int target);
     public abstract void pixelStorei(int pname, int param);
-    public void pixelStoref(int pname, float param) {}
     public void sampleCoverage(float value, boolean invert) {}
 
 
@@ -200,8 +201,13 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
     public abstract void uniform3i(int location, int v0, int v1, int v2);
     public abstract void uniform4f(int location, float v0, float v1, float v2, float v3);
     public abstract void uniform4i(int location, int v0, int v1, int v2, int v3);
+    public abstract void uniform2(int location, FloatBuffer value);
     public abstract void uniform3(int location, FloatBuffer value);
     public abstract void uniform4(int location, FloatBuffer value);
+    public abstract void uniform1iv(int location, IntBuffer value);
+    public abstract void uniform2iv(int location, IntBuffer value);
+    public abstract void uniform3iv(int location, IntBuffer value);
+    public abstract void uniform4iv(int location, IntBuffer value);
     public abstract void uniformMatrix3(int location, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value);
     public abstract void uniformMatrix4(int location, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value);
     public void uniformMatrix2(int location, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer matrices) {}
@@ -247,6 +253,7 @@ public abstract class RenderBackend {
     public abstract int genVertexArrays();
     public abstract void deleteVertexArrays(int array);
     public abstract void bindVertexArray(int array);
+    public abstract boolean isVertexArray(int array);
     public abstract void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long pointer);
     public void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
         vertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(pointer));

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentKey.java

@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
         int highestEnabled = -1;
         long unit0Bits = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_UNITS; i++) {
-            final boolean texEnabled = GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i).isEnabled();
+            // Per Mesa - an enabled unit with no complete texture bound counts as disabled.
+            final boolean texEnabled = GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i).isEnabled() && GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(i).getBinding() != 0;
             if (texEnabled) highestEnabled = i;
 
             final long unitBits = packUnit(i, texEnabled);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentShaderGenerator.java

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public final class FragmentShaderGenerator {
     private static void emitTextureSampling(StringBuilder sb, FragmentKey key) {
         for (int i = 0; i < key.nrEnabledUnits(); i++) {
             if (!key.unitEnabled(i)) continue;
-            sb.append("  vec4 tex").append(i).append("Color = texture(u_Sampler").append(i).append(", v_TexCoord").append(i).append(".st);\n");
+            sb.append("  vec4 tex").append(i).append("Color = textureProj(u_Sampler").append(i).append(", v_TexCoord").append(i).append(");\n");
         }
     }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ShaderManager.java

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
-import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.CompatUniformManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.DeferredBlendHandler;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.Vec3fStack;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.Vec4fStack;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import org.joml.Vector3f;
 import org.joml.Vector4f;
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
 
     private final ShaderCache cache = new ShaderCache();
     private final Uniforms uniforms = new Uniforms();
-    private final Int2IntOpenHashMap vaoVertexFlags = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();
 
     @Getter
     private boolean active = false;
@@ -57,10 +54,8 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public static Vector4f getCurrentTexCoord() { return currentTexCoords[0]; }
     public static Vector4f getCurrentTexCoord(int unit) { return currentTexCoords[unit]; }
     @Getter private boolean enabled = false;
-    private int currentVertexFlags = VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT | VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT | VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT;
 
     private ShaderManager() {
-        vaoVertexFlags.defaultReturnValue(-1);
         if (Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getProperty("angelica.dumpShaders", "false"))) {
             cache.setDumpDir(Paths.get("ffp_shaders"));
         }
@@ -73,12 +68,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public void enable() {
         enabled = true;
 
-        VertexFormat.registerSetupBufferStateOverride((format, offset) -> {
-            currentVertexFlags = format.getVertexFlags();
-            vaoVertexFlags.put(GLStateManager.getBoundVAO(), currentVertexFlags);
-            return false;
-        });
-
         GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("FFP shader emulation enabled");
     }
 
@@ -99,7 +88,7 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
         currentFKLen = 0;
     }
 
-    public void preDraw(boolean hasColor, boolean hasNormal, boolean hasTexCoord, boolean hasLightmap) {
+    public void preDraw() {
         final DeferredBlendHandler bh = GLSMHooks.blendHandler;
         if (bh != null) bh.flushDeferredBlend();
 
@@ -111,7 +100,12 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
             }
         }
 
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(currentVertexFlags);
+        final int vertexFlags = VAOManager.getCurrentVertexFlags();
+        final boolean hasColor = (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT) != 0;
+        final boolean hasNormal =   (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) != 0;
+        final boolean hasTexCoord = (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT) != 0;
+        final boolean hasLightmap = (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.BRIGHTNESS_BIT) != 0;
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(hasColor, hasNormal, hasTexCoord, hasLightmap);
 
         if (!active) return;
 
@@ -127,20 +121,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
         uploadUniforms();
     }
 
-    public void preDraw(int vertexFlags) {
-        currentVertexFlags = vertexFlags;
-        preDraw(
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.COLOR_BIT) != 0,
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.NORMAL_BIT) != 0,
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.TEXTURE_BIT) != 0,
-            (vertexFlags & VertexFlags.BRIGHTNESS_BIT) != 0
-        );
-    }
-
-    public void preDraw() {
-        preDraw(currentVertexFlags);
-    }
-
     private void commitVariant(long vkPacked, int fkLen) {
         currentVertexKeyPacked = vkPacked;
         System.arraycopy(currentFKScratch, 0, currentFKPacked, 0, fkLen);
@@ -177,22 +157,6 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public static void bumpNormalGeneration() { normalGeneration++; }
     public static void bumpTexCoordGeneration() { texCoordGeneration++; }
 
-    public void enableClientVertexFlag(int flag) {currentVertexFlags |= flag;}
-    public void disableClientVertexFlag(int flag) {currentVertexFlags &= ~flag;}
-    public int getCurrentVertexFlags() {return currentVertexFlags;}
-    public void setCurrentVertexFlags(int flags) {currentVertexFlags = flags;}
-
-    public void onBindVertexArray(int vaoId) {
-        final int flags = vaoVertexFlags.get(vaoId);
-        if (flags != -1) {
-            currentVertexFlags = flags;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
-        vaoVertexFlags.remove(vaoId);
-    }
-
     public void destroy() {
         cache.destroy();
         uniforms.destroy();

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VAOManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
+public final class VAOManager {
+    public static final int MAX_ATTRIBS = 16;
+
+    public static final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<VAOData> vaoMap = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
+
+    private static VAOData current = null;
+    private static int currentVertexFlags = 0;
+    private static Attrib[] currentAttribs = null;
+    public static int boundEBO = 0;
+
+    private static int clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
+
+
+    public static void init(int defaultVAO) {
+        final VAOData data = new VAOData();
+        current = data;
+        currentAttribs = data.attribs;
+        vaoMap.put(defaultVAO, data);
+    }
+
+    public static void onBindEBO(int ebo) {
+        boundEBO = ebo;
+    }
+
+    public static void onBindVertexArrayPre(int vaoId) {
+        // Save old VAO data
+        if (current != null) {
+            current.vertexFlags = currentVertexFlags;
+            current.ebo = boundEBO;
+            current.attribs = currentAttribs;
+            current.clientSideEnabledCount = clientSideEnabledCount;
+        }
+
+        VAOData data = vaoMap.get(vaoId);
+        if (data == null) {
+            data = new VAOData();
+            vaoMap.put(vaoId, data);
+        }
+        current = data;
+        currentVertexFlags = data.vertexFlags;
+        currentAttribs = data.attribs;
+        boundEBO = data.ebo;
+        clientSideEnabledCount = data.clientSideEnabledCount;
+    }
+
+    public static void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
+        vaoMap.remove(vaoId);
+    }
+
+    public static void enableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags |= flag; }
+    public static void disableClientVertexFlag(int flag) { currentVertexFlags &= ~flag; }
+    public static int getCurrentVertexFlags() { return currentVertexFlags; }
+    public static void setCurrentVertexFlags(int flags) { currentVertexFlags = flags; }
+
+    public static final class VAOData {
+        public Attrib[] attribs;
+        public int vertexFlags;
+        public int ebo;
+        public int clientSideEnabledCount;
+
+        public VAOData() {
+            attribs = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
+        a.size = size;
+        a.type = type;
+        a.normalized = normalized;
+        a.stride = stride;
+        a.offset = offset;
+        a.vboId = vboId;
+        a.clientPointer = null;
+        a.genericPointer = true;
+        if (wasClient && a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void setAttribute(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        final boolean wasClient = a.clientPointer != null;
+        a.size = size;
+        a.type = type;
+        a.normalized = normalized;
+        a.stride = stride;
+        a.offset = 0;
+        a.vboId = 0;
+        a.clientPointer = pointer;
+        a.genericPointer = true;
+        if (!wasClient && a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isGenericPointerEnabled(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return false;
+        final Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
+        return a != null && a.genericPointer && a.enabled;
+    }
+
+    public static void markConventional(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
+        if (a != null) a.genericPointer = false;
+    }
+
+    public static void setEnabled(int index, boolean enabled) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled != enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+        a.enabled = enabled;
+    }
+
+    public static void enableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        if (a.clientPointer != null && !a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount++;
+        }
+        a.enabled = true;
+    }
+
+    public static void disableAttribute(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
+        final Attrib a = getAttrib(index);
+        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled) {
+            clientSideEnabledCount--;
+        }
+        a.enabled = false;
+    }
+
+    // Lazily allocate each attrib. Most VAOs don't even have 4 attribs, let alone 16.
+    private static Attrib getAttrib(int index) {
+        Attrib a = currentAttribs[index];
+        if (a == null) {
+            a = new Attrib();
+            currentAttribs[index] = a;
+        }
+        return a;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isClientSideAttrib(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null && attrib.isClientSide();
+    }
+
+    public static int getAttribEffectiveStride(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null ? attrib.effectiveStride() : 0;
+    }
+
+    public static long getAttribOffset(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null ? attrib.offset : 0;
+    }
+
+    public static int getAttribVBO(int index) {
+        final Attrib attrib = currentAttribs[index];
+        return attrib != null ? attrib.vboId : 0;
+    }
+
+    public static @Nullable Attrib get(int index) {
+        return currentAttribs[index];
+    }
+
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if any currently enabled vertex attribute was registered without a VBO
+     * (i.e. as a client-side pointer). In core profile, such attribs are treated as null
+     * offsets into a non-existent buffer, causing a native crash at draw time.
+     */
+    public static boolean hasAnyClientSideEnabledAttrib() {
+        return clientSideEnabledCount > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If any enabled vertex attribute uses a client-side pointer (no VBO), upload all such
+     * attribs into a shared stream VBO so the draw succeeds under core profile.
+     */
+    private static int clientArraysVBO = 0;
+    private static int clientArraysVBOCapacity = 0;
+    private static final int[] clientArraysVBOOffsets = new int[VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS];
+
+    public static void uploadClientArraysToVBO() {
+        int totalBytes = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] = -1;
+            final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+            if (a == null || !a.enabled || a.clientPointer == null) continue;
+            clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] = totalBytes;
+            totalBytes += a.clientPointer.remaining();
+        }
+        if (totalBytes == 0) return;
+
+        if (clientArraysVBO == 0) {
+            clientArraysVBO = RENDER_BACKEND.genBuffers();
+        }
+
+        final int savedVBO = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBO);
+
+        if (totalBytes > clientArraysVBOCapacity) {
+            int newCap = Math.max(4096, clientArraysVBOCapacity);
+            while (newCap < totalBytes) newCap *= 2;
+            clientArraysVBOCapacity = newCap;
+        }
+        RENDER_BACKEND.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOCapacity, GL15.GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            if (clientArraysVBOOffsets[i] < 0) continue;
+            final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+            RENDER_BACKEND.bufferSubData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, clientArraysVBOOffsets[i], a.clientPointer.duplicate());
+            RENDER_BACKEND.vertexAttribPointer(i, a.size, a.type, a.normalized, a.stride, (long) clientArraysVBOOffsets[i]);
+        }
+
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, savedVBO);
+    }
+
+
+    public static final class Attrib {
+        public boolean enabled;
+        public int size;
+        public int type;
+        public boolean normalized;
+        public int stride;
+        public long offset;
+        public int vboId;
+        public ByteBuffer clientPointer;
+        public boolean genericPointer;
+
+        public boolean isClientSide() {
+            return enabled && clientPointer != null;
+        }
+
+        public void reset() {
+            enabled = false;
+            size = 0;
+            type = 0;
+            normalized = false;
+            stride = 0;
+            offset = 0;
+            vboId = 0;
+            clientPointer = null;
+            genericPointer = false;
+        }
+
+        public int effectiveStride() {
+            return (stride != 0) ? stride : size * typeSizeBytes();
+        }
+
+        public int typeSizeBytes() {
+            return glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+        }
+
+        public static int glTypeSizeBytes(int glType) {
+            return switch (glType) {
+                case GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL11.GL_INT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> 4;
+                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> 8;
+                case GL11.GL_SHORT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> 2;
+                case GL11.GL_BYTE, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> 1;
+                default -> 4;
+            };
+        }
+
+        public float readComponent(ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
+            return readComponent(type, normalized, buf, base, component);
+        }
+
+        public static float readComponent(int type, boolean normalized, ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
+            return switch (type) {
+                case GL11.GL_FLOAT -> buf.getFloat(base + component * 4);
+                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> (float) buf.getDouble(base + component * 8);
+                case GL11.GL_INT -> {
+                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Integer.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> {
+                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                    yield normalized ? (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL) / (float) 0xFFFFFFFFL : (float) (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_SHORT -> {
+                    final short v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2);
+                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Short.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> {
+                    final int v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2) & 0xFFFF;
+                    yield normalized ? v / (float) 0xFFFF : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_BYTE -> {
+                    final byte v = buf.get(base + component);
+                    yield normalized ? v / 127.0f : (float) v;
+                }
+                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> {
+                    final int v = buf.get(base + component) & 0xFF;
+                    yield normalized ? v / 255.0f : (float) v;
+                }
+                default -> 0.0f;
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexKey.java

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ public final class VertexKey {
     private static final int BIT_WIDE_LINE           = 36;
     // Per-unit texmat enable: bits 37-40 (unit 0..3). Unit 1 is the lightmap matrix.
     private static final int BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE    = 37;
+    private static final int BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0 = 41;
 
     public static final int TG_NONE                  = 0;
     public static final int TG_OBJ_LINEAR            = 1;
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ public final class VertexKey {
     public boolean hasVertexNormal()       { return bit(BIT_HAS_VERTEX_NORMAL); }
     public boolean hasVertexTexCoord()     { return bit(BIT_HAS_VERTEX_TEX); }
     public boolean hasVertexLightmap()    { return bit(BIT_HAS_VERTEX_LIGHTMAP); }
+    public boolean unit23UvFromUnit0()     { return bit(BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0); }
     /** Color material mode (CM_AMBIENT, CM_DIFFUSE, CM_SPECULAR, CM_EMISSION, CM_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE). Only meaningful when colorMaterialEnabled(). */
     public int colorMaterialMode()        { return (int)((packed >> BIT_COLOR_MAT_MODE) & 0x7); }
 
@@ -213,6 +215,10 @@ public final class VertexKey {
         if (hasTexCoord) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_TEX);
         if (hasLightmap) bits |= (1L << BIT_HAS_VERTEX_LIGHTMAP);
 
+        if (GLStateManager.consumeUnit23TexCoordSetDuringDraw() && hasTexCoord) {
+            bits |= (1L << BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0);
+        }
+
         if (GLStateManager.anyClipPlaneEnabled()) {
             bits |= (1L << BIT_CLIP_PLANES);
         }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexShaderGenerator.java

@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
         if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(0) && !key.hasVertexTexCoord()) {
             sb.append("uniform vec4 u_CurrentTexCoord0;\n");
         }
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2)) sb.append("uniform vec4 u_CurrentTexCoord2;\n");
-        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3)) sb.append("uniform vec4 u_CurrentTexCoord3;\n");
+        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(2) && !key.unit23UvFromUnit0()) sb.append("uniform vec4 u_CurrentTexCoord2;\n");
+        if (key.unitTexCoordEnabled(3) && !key.unit23UvFromUnit0()) sb.append("uniform vec4 u_CurrentTexCoord3;\n");
 
         if (key.lightmapEnabled() && !key.hasVertexLightmap()) {
             sb.append("uniform vec2 u_CurrentLightmapCoord;\n");
@@ -363,8 +363,10 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
 
         for (int i = 2; i < VertexKey.MAX_UNITS; i++) {
             if (!key.unitTexCoordEnabled(i)) continue;
-            final String src = "u_CurrentTexCoord" + i;
-            if (key.unitTexMatEnabled(i)) {
+            final String src = key.unit23UvFromUnit0()
+                ? "vec4(a_TexCoord0, 0.0, 1.0)"
+                : "u_CurrentTexCoord" + i;
+            if (!key.unit23UvFromUnit0() && key.unitTexMatEnabled(i)) {
                 sb.append("  v_TexCoord").append(i).append(" = u_TextureMatrix").append(i).append(" * ").append(src).append(";\n");
             } else {
                 sb.append("  v_TexCoord").append(i).append(" = ").append(src).append(";\n");
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
 
         emitTexGenComponent(sb, key.texGenModeS(), "s", "S", key);
         emitTexGenComponent(sb, key.texGenModeT(), "t", "T", key);
-        emitTexGenComponent(sb, key.texGenModeR(), "r", "R", key);
+        emitTexGenComponent(sb, key.texGenModeR(), "p", "R", key);
         emitTexGenComponent(sb, key.texGenModeQ(), "q", "Q", key);
 
         // Always apply texture matrix when texgen is active (forced on in VertexKey)

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/GLSMHooks.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ public final class GLSMHooks {
     public static DeferredBlendHandler blendHandler;
     public static DeferredAlphaHandler alphaHandler;
     public static DeferredDepthColorHandler depthColorHandler;
+    public static GlintColorHandler glintColorHandler;
 
     // EventBus instances
     public static final EventBus<TextureBindEvent> TEXTURE_BIND = EventBus.create(TextureBindEvent.class);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/GlintColorHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks;
+
+public interface GlintColorHandler {
+    void onColorChanged(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha);
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/AttribSnapshot.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2LongOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
 
     public record AttribDesc(int location, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int sourceVboId, ByteBuffer readBuffer, long readBufferBaseOffset) {
         public int effectiveStride() {
-            return stride != 0 ? stride : size * VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+            return stride != 0 ? stride : size * VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
         }
 
         public int typeSizeBytes() {
-            return VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
+            return VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(type);
         }
     }
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
      * allocating any hashmaps. A second distinct VBO promotes to the map-backed fallback.
      */
     public static AttribSnapshot snapshot(int firstVertex, int vertexCount) {
-        final AttribDesc[] out = new AttribDesc[VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS];
+        final AttribDesc[] out = new AttribDesc[VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS];
         final List<ByteBuffer> allocated = new ArrayList<>();
         final int prevVBO = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
 
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
         Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<long[]> vboRanges = null;
 
         final long lastVtx = (long) firstVertex + vertexCount - 1;
-        for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-            final VertexAttribState.Attrib a = VertexAttribState.get(i);
-            if (!a.enabled || a.vboId == 0) continue;
+        for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+            if (a == null || !a.enabled || a.vboId == 0) continue;
             final int stride = a.effectiveStride();
-            final long typeBytes = (long) a.size * VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(a.type);
+            final long typeBytes = (long) a.size * VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(a.type);
             final long start = a.offset + (long) firstVertex * stride;
             final long end = a.offset + lastVtx * stride + typeBytes;
 
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ public final class AttribSnapshot {
         Int2LongOpenHashMap vboReadOffsets = null;
 
         try {
-            for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-                final VertexAttribState.Attrib a = VertexAttribState.get(i);
-                if (!a.enabled) continue;
+            for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+                final VAOManager.Attrib a = VAOManager.get(i);
+                if (a == null || !a.enabled) continue;
 
                 if (a.vboId != 0) {
                     ByteBuffer buf;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/CommandRecorder.java

@@ -653,12 +653,19 @@ public final class CommandRecorder {
         for (IndexedDrawCapture c : indexedDraws.getCaptures()) {
             c.freeBuffers();
         }
-        memFree(buffer);
+        for (DisplayListCommand cmd : complexObjects) {
+            cmd.delete();
+        }
+        complexObjects.clear();
+        if (buffer != null) {
+            memFree(buffer);
+            buffer = null;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Deletes every allocated object & returns a ByteBuffer with the capacity equal to its limit.
-     * This CommandRecorder object cannot be used after calling this anymore.
+     * This CommandRecorder object cannot be used after calling this anymore
      */
     public ByteBuffer finish() {
         for (IndexedDrawCapture c : indexedDraws.getCaptures()) {
@@ -666,7 +673,10 @@ public final class CommandRecorder {
         }
         final int size = size();
         buffer.limit(size);
-        return memRealloc(buffer, size);
+        final ByteBuffer out = memRealloc(buffer, size);
+        buffer = null;
+        complexObjects.clear();
+        return out;
     }
 
     public DisplayListCommand[] getComplexObjects() {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/ImmediateModeRecorder.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.DirectTessellator;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.TessellatorManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement.Usage;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -293,7 +293,39 @@ public final class ImmediateModeRecorder {
     }
 
     private static float readComponent(AttribReader r, int base, int component) {
-        return VertexAttribState.Attrib.readComponent(r.type, r.normalized, r.data, base, component);
+        return VAOManager.Attrib.readComponent(r.type, r.normalized, r.data, base, component);
+    }
+
+    public static float readComponent(int type, boolean normalized, ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
+        return switch (type) {
+            case GL11.GL_FLOAT -> buf.getFloat(base + component * 4);
+            case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> (float) buf.getDouble(base + component * 8);
+            case GL11.GL_INT -> {
+                final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                yield normalized ? v / (float) Integer.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> {
+                final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
+                yield normalized ? (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL) / (float) 0xFFFFFFFFL : (float) (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_SHORT -> {
+                final short v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2);
+                yield normalized ? v / (float) Short.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> {
+                final int v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2) & 0xFFFF;
+                yield normalized ? v / (float) 0xFFFF : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_BYTE -> {
+                final byte v = buf.get(base + component);
+                yield normalized ? v / 127.0f : (float) v;
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> {
+                final int v = buf.get(base + component) & 0xFF;
+                yield normalized ? v / 255.0f : (float) v;
+            }
+            default -> 0.0f;
+        };
     }
 
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/AttribLayoutKey.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public final class AttribLayoutKey {
         int base = 0;
         int maxAlign = 1;
         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            final int typeSize = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(types[i]);
+            final int typeSize = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(types[i]);
             if (typeSize > maxAlign) maxAlign = typeSize;
             base = (base + typeSize - 1) & -typeSize;
             off[i] = base;

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/IndexedDrawCapture.java

@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.QuadConverter;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.AttribSnapshot;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
-import java.util.Set;
 
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetInt;
 import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memGetLong;
@@ -52,51 +50,69 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
         return freed;
     }
 
-    private static final Set<String> WARN_ONCE = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
-
-    private static void warnOnce(String key, String fmt, Object... args) {
-        if (WARN_ONCE.add(key)) GLStateManager.LOGGER.warn(fmt, args);
-    }
-
     public static IndexedDrawCapture create(int mode, int indicesCount, int srcIndexType, long indicesOffset, int eboId) {
         if (indicesCount == 0) return null;
         if (eboId == 0) {
-            warnOnce("no-ebo", "[IndexedDrawCapture] glDrawElements in display list with no EBO bound — skipping (mode={} count={} offset={})", mode, indicesCount, indicesOffset);
+            GLStateManager.warnOnce("no-ebo", "[IndexedDrawCapture] glDrawElements in display list with no EBO bound — skipping (mode={} count={} offset={})", mode, indicesCount, indicesOffset);
             return null;
         }
         if (mode == GL11.GL_QUADS && (indicesCount % 4) != 0) {
-            warnOnce("quads-misaligned", "[IndexedDrawCapture] GL_QUADS with indicesCount={} not a multiple of 4 — skipping", indicesCount);
+            GLStateManager.warnOnce("quads-misaligned", "[IndexedDrawCapture] GL_QUADS with indicesCount={} not a multiple of 4 — skipping", indicesCount);
             return null;
         }
-        final int srcIndexSize = VertexAttribState.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(srcIndexType);
+        final int srcIndexSize = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(srcIndexType);
         if (srcIndexSize <= 0) return null;
 
         final int prevEBO = GLStateManager.getBoundEBO();
         final int prevVBO = GLStateManager.getBoundVBO();
         ByteBuffer eboSrc = null;
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, eboId);
+            final int eboBufferSize = GLStateManager.glGetBufferParameteri(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL15.GL_BUFFER_SIZE);
+            if (eboBufferSize <= 0) {
+                GLStateManager.warnOnce("ebo-size", "[IndexedDrawCapture] GL_BUFFER_SIZE={} for EBO {}", eboBufferSize, eboId);
+                return null;
+            }
+            final long eboReadSize = (long) indicesCount * srcIndexSize;
+            if (indicesOffset < 0 || indicesOffset + eboReadSize > eboBufferSize) {
+                GLStateManager.warnOnce("ebo-range", "[IndexedDrawCapture] EBO range {}+{} exceeds buffer size {} — skipping", indicesOffset, eboReadSize, eboBufferSize);
+                return null;
+            }
+            eboSrc = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc((int) eboReadSize);
+            GLStateManager.glGetBufferSubData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indicesOffset, eboSrc);
+            return bake(mode, indicesCount, srcIndexType, MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(eboSrc));
+        } finally {
+            if (eboSrc != null) MemoryUtilities.memFree(eboSrc);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevEBO);
+            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevVBO);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static IndexedDrawCapture createFromClientIndices(int mode, int indicesCount, int srcIndexType, long indexSrcAddr, long srcByteLength) {
+        if (indicesCount == 0) return null;
+        if (indexSrcAddr == 0L) return null;
+        if (mode == GL11.GL_QUADS && (indicesCount % 4) != 0) {
+            GLStateManager.warnOnce("quads-misaligned", "[IndexedDrawCapture] GL_QUADS with indicesCount={} not a multiple of 4 - skipping", indicesCount);
+            return null;
+        }
+        final int idxSize = VAOManager.Attrib.glTypeSizeBytes(srcIndexType);
+        if (idxSize <= 0) return null;
+        if ((long) indicesCount * idxSize > srcByteLength) {
+            GLStateManager.warnOnce("client-idx-range", "[IndexedDrawCapture] index count {} ({} bytes) exceeds client buffer {} bytes - skipping", indicesCount, (long) indicesCount * idxSize, srcByteLength);
+            return null;
+        }
+        return bake(mode, indicesCount, srcIndexType, indexSrcAddr);
+    }
+
+    private static IndexedDrawCapture bake(int mode, int indicesCount, int srcIndexType, long indexSrcAddr) {
         AttribSnapshot snap = null;
         ByteBuffer vertexData = null;
         ByteBuffer indexData = null;
         boolean success = false;
         try {
-            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, eboId);
-            final int eboBufferSize = GLStateManager.glGetBufferParameteri(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL15.GL_BUFFER_SIZE);
-            if (eboBufferSize <= 0) {
-                warnOnce("ebo-size", "[IndexedDrawCapture] GL_BUFFER_SIZE={} for EBO {}", eboBufferSize, eboId);
-                return null;
-            }
-            final long eboReadSize = (long) indicesCount * srcIndexSize;
-            if (indicesOffset < 0 || indicesOffset + eboReadSize > eboBufferSize) {
-                warnOnce("ebo-range", "[IndexedDrawCapture] EBO range {}+{} exceeds buffer size {} — skipping", indicesOffset, eboReadSize, eboBufferSize);
-                return null;
-            }
-            eboSrc = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc((int) eboReadSize);
-            GLStateManager.glGetBufferSubData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indicesOffset, eboSrc);
-            final long eboSrcAddr = MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(eboSrc);
-
-            final long minMax = QuadConverter.scanMinMaxIndex(eboSrcAddr, srcIndexType, indicesCount);
+            final long minMax = QuadConverter.scanMinMaxIndex(indexSrcAddr, srcIndexType, indicesCount);
             if (minMax == -1L) {
-                warnOnce("min-max", "[IndexedDrawCapture] failed to determine min/max vertex for indexType={}", srcIndexType);
+                GLStateManager.warnOnce("min-max", "[IndexedDrawCapture] failed to determine min/max vertex for indexType={}", srcIndexType);
                 return null;
             }
             final int minVtx = (int) (minMax & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
@@ -106,11 +122,11 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
             snap = AttribSnapshot.snapshot(minVtx, vertexCount);
 
             int enabledCount = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
                 if (snap.get(i) != null) enabledCount++;
             }
             if (enabledCount == 0) {
-                warnOnce("no-attribs", "[IndexedDrawCapture] no enabled attributes — skipping");
+                GLStateManager.warnOnce("no-attribs", "[IndexedDrawCapture] no enabled attributes — skipping");
                 return null;
             }
             final int[] locations = new int[enabledCount];
@@ -118,7 +134,7 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
             final int[] types = new int[enabledCount];
             final boolean[] normalized = new boolean[enabledCount];
             int k = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < VertexAttribState.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < VAOManager.MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
                 final AttribSnapshot.AttribDesc d = snap.get(i);
                 if (d == null) continue;
                 locations[k] = i;
@@ -137,6 +153,13 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
             for (int a = 0; a < enabledCount; a++) {
                 final AttribSnapshot.AttribDesc d = snap.get(locations[a]);
                 final int relOffset = (int) (d.offset() - d.readBufferBaseOffset());
+
+                final long readStart = relOffset + (long) minVtx * d.effectiveStride();
+                final long readEnd = relOffset + (long) maxVtx * d.effectiveStride() + (long) d.size() * d.typeSizeBytes();
+                if (readStart < 0 || readEnd > d.readBuffer().capacity()) {
+                    GLStateManager.warnOnce("vtx-oob", "[IndexedDrawCapture] attrib {} read extent {} exceeds snapshot {} bytes - skipping", d.location(), readEnd, d.readBuffer().capacity());
+                    return null;
+                }
                 if (a == 0) {
                     sharedSrcBuffer = d.readBuffer();
                     sharedSrcStride = d.effectiveStride();
@@ -169,12 +192,12 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
                 final int quadCount = indicesCount / 4;
                 bakedIndexCount = quadCount * 6;
                 indexData = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc(bakedIndexCount * 4);
-                QuadConverter.triangulateQuads(eboSrcAddr, srcIndexType, MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(indexData), GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, quadCount, minVtx);
+                QuadConverter.triangulateQuads(indexSrcAddr, srcIndexType, MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(indexData), GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, quadCount, minVtx);
                 bakedDrawMode = GL11.GL_TRIANGLES;
             } else {
                 bakedIndexCount = indicesCount;
                 indexData = MemoryUtilities.memAlloc(bakedIndexCount * 4);
-                QuadConverter.widenIndices(eboSrcAddr, srcIndexType, MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(indexData), GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indicesCount, minVtx);
+                QuadConverter.widenIndices(indexSrcAddr, srcIndexType, MemoryUtilities.memAddress0(indexData), GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indicesCount, minVtx);
                 bakedDrawMode = mode;
             }
 
@@ -184,14 +207,11 @@ public final class IndexedDrawCapture {
             success = true;
             return out;
         } finally {
-            if (eboSrc != null) MemoryUtilities.memFree(eboSrc);
             if (snap != null) snap.free();
             if (!success) {
                 if (vertexData != null) MemoryUtilities.memFree(vertexData);
                 if (indexData != null) MemoryUtilities.memFree(indexData);
             }
-            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevEBO);
-            GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, prevVBO);
         }
     }
 

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/PixelDataSnapshot.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memAlloc;
+
+final class PixelDataSnapshot {
+    private PixelDataSnapshot() {}
+
+    static @Nullable ByteBuffer copy(@Nullable ByteBuffer pixels) {
+        if (pixels == null) return null;
+        final int pos = pixels.position();
+        final ByteBuffer out = memAlloc(pixels.remaining()).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        out.put(pixels);
+        out.flip();
+        pixels.position(pos);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    static @Nullable ByteBuffer copy(@Nullable IntBuffer pixels) {
+        if (pixels == null) return null;
+        final int pos = pixels.position();
+        final ByteBuffer out = memAlloc(pixels.remaining() * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        out.asIntBuffer().put(pixels);
+        pixels.position(pos);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    static @Nullable ByteBuffer copy(@Nullable FloatBuffer pixels) {
+        if (pixels == null) return null;
+        final int pos = pixels.position();
+        final ByteBuffer out = memAlloc(pixels.remaining() * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        out.asFloatBuffer().put(pixels);
+        pixels.position(pos);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    static @Nullable ByteBuffer copy(@Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels) {
+        if (pixels == null) return null;
+        final int pos = pixels.position();
+        final ByteBuffer out = memAlloc(pixels.remaining() * 8).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        out.asDoubleBuffer().put(pixels);
+        pixels.position(pos);
+        return out;
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/TexImage2DCmd.java

@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLDebug;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memFree;
+
 /**
  * Command: glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, pixels)
  * Specifies a two-dimensional texture image during display list playback.
@@ -24,92 +26,58 @@ public record TexImage2DCmd(
     int border,
     int format,
     int type,
-    @Nullable byte[] pixelData
+    @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels,
+    @Nullable PixelUnpackState unpack
 ) implements DisplayListCommand {
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from IntBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = (limit - pos) * 4; // 4 bytes per int
-            data = new byte[size];
-            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            bb.asIntBuffer().put(pixels);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
+    public TexImage2DCmd {
+        if (pixels == null) {
+            unpack = null;
         }
-        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, data);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from FloatBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = (limit - pos) * 4; // 4 bytes per float
-            data = new byte[size];
-            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            bb.asFloatBuffer().put(pixels);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
-        }
-        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, data);
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from DoubleBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = (limit - pos) * 8; // 8 bytes per double
-            data = new byte[size];
-            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            bb.asDoubleBuffer().put(pixels);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
-        }
-        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, data);
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from ByteBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = limit - pos;
-            data = new byte[size];
-            pixels.get(data);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
-        }
-        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, data);
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
+    }
+
+    public static TexImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int internalformat, int width, int height, int border, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexImage2DCmd(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void execute() {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = null;
-        if (pixelData != null) {
-            buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(pixelData.length).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            buffer.put(pixelData);
-            buffer.flip();
+        if (pixels == null) {
+            GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, (ByteBuffer) null);
+            return;
+        }
+        GLStateManager.forcePixelUnpackState(unpack);
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, pixels);
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackState(unpack);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void delete() {
+        if (pixels != null) {
+            memFree(pixels);
         }
-        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, width, height, border, format, type, buffer);
     }
 
     @Override
     public @NotNull String toString() {
-        String dataStr = pixelData != null ? (pixelData.length + " bytes") : "null";
-        return String.format("TexImage2D(target=%s, level=%d, internalformat=%s, %dx%d, border=%d, format=%s, type=%s, data=%s)",
+        String dataStr = pixels != null ? (pixels.remaining() + " bytes") : "null";
+        return String.format("TexImage2D(target=%s, level=%d, internalformat=%s, %dx%d, border=%d, format=%s, type=%s, data=%s, unpack=%s)",
             GLDebug.getTextureTargetName(target), level, GLDebug.getTextureFormatName(internalformat),
-            width, height, border, GLDebug.getTextureFormatName(format), GLDebug.getDataTypeName(type), dataStr);
+            width, height, border, GLDebug.getTextureFormatName(format), GLDebug.getDataTypeName(type), dataStr, unpack);
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/commands/TexSubImage2DCmd.java

@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLDebug;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.PixelUnpackState;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 import java.nio.IntBuffer;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memFree;
+
 /**
  * Command: glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, pixels)
  * Updates a portion of an existing two-dimensional texture image during display list playback.
@@ -24,92 +26,58 @@ public record TexSubImage2DCmd(
     int height,
     int format,
     int type,
-    @Nullable byte[] pixelData
+    @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels,
+    @Nullable PixelUnpackState unpack
 ) implements DisplayListCommand {
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from IntBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = (limit - pos) * 4; // 4 bytes per int
-            data = new byte[size];
-            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            bb.asIntBuffer().put(pixels);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
+    public TexSubImage2DCmd {
+        if (pixels == null) {
+            unpack = null;
         }
-        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, data);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from FloatBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = (limit - pos) * 4; // 4 bytes per float
-            data = new byte[size];
-            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            bb.asFloatBuffer().put(pixels);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
-        }
-        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, data);
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromIntBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable IntBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from DoubleBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = (limit - pos) * 8; // 8 bytes per double
-            data = new byte[size];
-            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            bb.asDoubleBuffer().put(pixels);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
-        }
-        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, data);
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromFloatBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable FloatBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create command from ByteBuffer
-     */
-    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels) {
-        byte[] data = null;
-        if (pixels != null) {
-            int pos = pixels.position();
-            int limit = pixels.limit();
-            int size = limit - pos;
-            data = new byte[size];
-            pixels.get(data);
-            pixels.position(pos); // Restore position
-        }
-        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, data);
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromDoubleBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable DoubleBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
+    }
+
+    public static TexSubImage2DCmd fromByteBuffer(int target, int level, int xoffset, int yoffset, int width, int height, int format, int type, @Nullable ByteBuffer pixels, PixelUnpackState unpack) {
+        return new TexSubImage2DCmd(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, PixelDataSnapshot.copy(pixels), unpack);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void execute() {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = null;
-        if (pixelData != null) {
-            buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(pixelData.length).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-            buffer.put(pixelData);
-            buffer.flip();
+        if (pixels == null) {
+            GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, (ByteBuffer) null);
+            return;
+        }
+        GLStateManager.forcePixelUnpackState(unpack);
+        try {
+            GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, pixels);
+        } finally {
+            GLStateManager.restorePixelUnpackState(unpack);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void delete() {
+        if (pixels != null) {
+            memFree(pixels);
         }
-        GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, type, buffer);
     }
 
     @Override
     public @NotNull String toString() {
-        String dataStr = pixelData != null ? (pixelData.length + " bytes") : "null";
-        return String.format("TexSubImage2D(target=%s, level=%d, offset=(%d,%d), %dx%d, format=%s, type=%s, data=%s)",
+        String dataStr = pixels != null ? (pixels.remaining() + " bytes") : "null";
+        return String.format("TexSubImage2D(target=%s, level=%d, offset=(%d,%d), %dx%d, format=%s, type=%s, data=%s, unpack=%s)",
             GLDebug.getTextureTargetName(target), level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height,
-            GLDebug.getTextureFormatName(format), GLDebug.getDataTypeName(type), dataStr);
+            GLDebug.getTextureFormatName(format), GLDebug.getDataTypeName(type), dataStr, unpack);
     }
 }

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMRedirector.java

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
     private static final String ARBMultiTexture = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBMultitexture";
     private static final String ARBShaderObjects = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBShaderObjects";
     private static final String ARBInstancedArrays = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBInstancedArrays";
+    private static final String ARBDrawInstanced = "org/lwjgl/opengl/ARBDrawInstanced";
+    private static final String EXTDrawInstanced = "org/lwjgl/opengl/EXTDrawInstanced";
 
     // Redirect VAO related calls from NHLib
     private static final String UniversalVAO = "com/gtnewhorizon/gtnhlib/client/opengl/UniversalVAO";
@@ -126,6 +128,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glFrustum")
             .add("glGetBoolean")
             .add("glGetFloat")
+            .add("glGetFloatv", "glGetFloat")
             .add("glGetInteger")
             .add("glGetLight")
             .add("glGetMaterial")
@@ -296,6 +299,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glStencilOpSeparate")
             .add("glUseProgram")
             .add("glShaderSource")
+            .add("nglShaderSource")
             .add("glLinkProgram")
             .add("glDeleteProgram")
             .add("glCreateShader")
@@ -321,6 +325,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glUniformMatrix2")
             .add("glUniformMatrix3")
             .add("glUniformMatrix4")
+            .add("glUniformMatrix4fv", "glUniformMatrix4")
             .add("glDeleteShader")
             .add("glGetShaderi")
             .add("glGetShaderInfoLog")
@@ -342,6 +347,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glGenVertexArrays")
             .add("glBindVertexArray")
             .add("glDeleteVertexArrays")
+            .add("glIsVertexArray")
             .add("glBindFramebuffer")
             .add("glDeleteFramebuffers")
             .add("glGenFramebuffers")
@@ -352,7 +358,8 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
             .add("glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameteri")
             .add("glBlitFramebuffer");
         final var gl31 = RedirectMap.newMap()
-            .add("glDrawElementsInstanced");
+            .add("glDrawElementsInstanced")
+            .add("glDrawArraysInstanced");
         final var gl32 = RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glFramebufferTexture");
         final var gl33 = RedirectMap.newMap()
@@ -455,6 +462,14 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
         methodRedirects.put(ARBInstancedArrays, RedirectMap.newMap()
             .add("glVertexAttribDivisorARB")
         );
+        methodRedirects.put(ARBDrawInstanced, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glDrawArraysInstancedARB", "glDrawArraysInstanced")
+            .add("glDrawElementsInstancedARB", "glDrawElementsInstanced")
+        );
+        methodRedirects.put(EXTDrawInstanced, RedirectMap.newMap()
+            .add("glDrawArraysInstancedEXT", "glDrawArraysInstanced")
+            .add("glDrawElementsInstancedEXT", "glDrawElementsInstanced")
+        );
 
         // APPLE
         methodRedirects.put(APPLEVertexArrayObject, RedirectMap.newMap()
@@ -587,18 +602,16 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
                         }
                     } else {
                         final Map<String, String> redirects = mNode.owner.startsWith(GL_PREFIX) ? glMethodRedirects : methodRedirects.get(mNode.owner);
-                        if (redirects != null) {
-                            final String glsmName = redirects.get(mNode.name);
-                            if (glsmName != null) {
-                                if (LOG_SPAM) {
-                                    final String shortOwner = mNode.owner.substring(mNode.owner.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
-                                    LOGGER.info("Redirecting call in {} from {}.{}{} to GLStateManager.{}{}", transformedName, shortOwner, mNode.name, mNode.desc, glsmName, mNode.desc);
-                                }
-                                mNode.owner = GLStateManager;
-                                mNode.name = glsmName;
-                                changed = true;
-                                redirectInMethod = true;
+                        final String glsmName = redirects != null ? redirects.get(mNode.name) : null;
+                        if (glsmName != null) {
+                            if (LOG_SPAM) {
+                                final String shortOwner = mNode.owner.substring(mNode.owner.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
+                                LOGGER.info("Redirecting call in {} from {}.{}{} to GLStateManager.{}{}", transformedName, shortOwner, mNode.name, mNode.desc, glsmName, mNode.desc);
                             }
+                            mNode.owner = GLStateManager;
+                            mNode.name = glsmName;
+                            changed = true;
+                            redirectInMethod = true;
                         }
                     }
                     // Redirect <init> calls for quadric classes
@@ -617,8 +630,7 @@ public class GLSMRedirector {
                     for (int i = 0; i < dynNode.bsmArgs.length; i++) {
                         if (!(dynNode.bsmArgs[i] instanceof Handle handle)) continue;
                         final Map<String, String> redirects = handle.getOwner().startsWith(GL_PREFIX) ? glMethodRedirects : methodRedirects.get(handle.getOwner());
-                        if (redirects == null) continue;
-                        final String glsmName = redirects.get(handle.getName());
+                        final String glsmName = redirects != null ? redirects.get(handle.getName()) : null;
                         if (glsmName == null) continue;
                         if (LOG_SPAM) {
                             final String shortOwner = handle.getOwner().substring(handle.getOwner().lastIndexOf("/") + 1);

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/PixelUnpackState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
+
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable client-side pixel unpack state (glPixelStore UNPACK_* params)
+ */
+public record PixelUnpackState(
+    int alignment,
+    int rowLength,
+    int skipRows,
+    int skipPixels,
+    int imageHeight,
+    int skipImages,
+    boolean swapBytes,
+    boolean lsbFirst
+) {
+    public static final PixelUnpackState DEFAULT = new PixelUnpackState(4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false);
+
+    public boolean isDefault() {
+        return this.equals(DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    public PixelUnpackState with(int pname, int param) {
+        return switch (pname) {
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT -> (param == 1 || param == 2 || param == 4 || param == 8) ? new PixelUnpackState(param, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, param, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, param, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, param, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
+            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, param, skipImages, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
+            case GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES -> param >= 0 ? new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, param, swapBytes, lsbFirst) : this;
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES -> new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, param != 0, lsbFirst);
+            case GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST -> new PixelUnpackState(alignment, rowLength, skipRows, skipPixels, imageHeight, skipImages, swapBytes, param != 0);
+            default -> this;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static void applyDiff(PixelUnpackState from, PixelUnpackState to) {
+        if (from.alignment != to.alignment) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, to.alignment);
+        if (from.rowLength != to.rowLength) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, to.rowLength);
+        if (from.skipRows != to.skipRows) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, to.skipRows);
+        if (from.skipPixels != to.skipPixels) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, to.skipPixels);
+        if (from.imageHeight != to.imageHeight) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, to.imageHeight);
+        if (from.skipImages != to.skipImages) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, to.skipImages);
+        if (from.swapBytes != to.swapBytes) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, to.swapBytes ? 1 : 0);
+        if (from.lsbFirst != to.lsbFirst) RENDER_BACKEND.pixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, to.lsbFirst ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/VertexAttribState.java

@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
-
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
-
-import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayDeque;
-
-/**
- * Per-VAO vertex attribute pointer state tracking (Mesa-style).
- */
-public class VertexAttribState {
-    public static final int MAX_ATTRIBS = 16;
-
-    private static final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<Attrib[]> vaoAttribs = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
-    private static Attrib[] current;
-    private static final ArrayDeque<Attrib[]> pool = new ArrayDeque<>();
-    private static int clientSideEnabledCount;
-
-    public static void init(int defaultVAO) {
-        vaoAttribs.clear();
-        pool.clear();
-        current = allocAttribArray();
-        vaoAttribs.put(defaultVAO, current);
-        clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    public static void onBindVertexArray(int newVAO) {
-        current = vaoAttribs.computeIfAbsent(newVAO, k -> allocAttribArray());
-        recomputeClientSideCount();
-    }
-
-    public static void onDeleteVertexArray(int vaoId) {
-        final Attrib[] arr = vaoAttribs.remove(vaoId);
-        if (arr != null) {
-            pool.addLast(arr);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void reset() {
-        vaoAttribs.clear();
-        pool.clear();
-        current = null;
-        clientSideEnabledCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    private static Attrib[] allocAttribArray() {
-        Attrib[] arr = pool.pollFirst();
-        if (arr != null) {
-            for (Attrib a : arr) a.reset();
-            return arr;
-        }
-        arr = new Attrib[MAX_ATTRIBS];
-        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) arr[i] = new Attrib();
-        return arr;
-    }
-
-    public static void set(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long offset, int vboId) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = current[index];
-        final boolean was = a.isClientSide();
-        a.size = size;
-        a.type = type;
-        a.normalized = normalized;
-        a.stride = stride;
-        a.offset = offset;
-        a.vboId = vboId;
-        a.clientPointer = null;
-        if (was) clientSideEnabledCount--;
-    }
-
-    public static void set(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, ByteBuffer pointer, int vboId) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = current[index];
-        final boolean was = a.isClientSide();
-        a.size = size;
-        a.type = type;
-        a.normalized = normalized;
-        a.stride = stride;
-        a.offset = 0;
-        a.vboId = vboId;
-        a.clientPointer = (vboId == 0) ? pointer : null;
-        final boolean now = a.isClientSide();
-        if (was != now) clientSideEnabledCount += now ? 1 : -1;
-    }
-
-    public static void setEnabled(int index, boolean enabled) {
-        if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_ATTRIBS) return;
-        final Attrib a = current[index];
-        if (a.clientPointer != null && a.enabled != enabled) {
-            clientSideEnabledCount += enabled ? 1 : -1;
-        }
-        a.enabled = enabled;
-    }
-
-    public static Attrib get(int index) {
-        return current[index];
-    }
-
-
-
-    private static void recomputeClientSideCount() {
-        int count = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBS; i++) {
-            if (current[i].isClientSide()) count++;
-        }
-        clientSideEnabledCount = count;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if any currently enabled vertex attribute was registered without a VBO
-     * (i.e. as a client-side pointer). In core profile, such attribs are treated as null
-     * offsets into a non-existent buffer, causing a native crash at draw time.
-     */
-    public static boolean hasAnyClientSideEnabledAttrib() {
-        return clientSideEnabledCount > 0;
-    }
-    public static class Attrib {
-        public boolean enabled;
-        public int size;
-        public int type;
-        public boolean normalized;
-        public int stride;
-        public long offset;
-        public int vboId;
-        public ByteBuffer clientPointer;
-
-        public boolean isClientSide() {
-            return enabled && clientPointer != null;
-        }
-
-        public void reset() {
-            enabled = false;
-            size = 0;
-            type = 0;
-            normalized = false;
-            stride = 0;
-            offset = 0;
-            vboId = 0;
-            clientPointer = null;
-        }
-
-        public int effectiveStride() {
-            return (stride != 0) ? stride : size * typeSizeBytes();
-        }
-
-        public int typeSizeBytes() {
-            return glTypeSizeBytes(type);
-        }
-
-        public static int glTypeSizeBytes(int glType) {
-            return switch (glType) {
-                case GL11.GL_FLOAT, GL11.GL_INT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> 4;
-                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> 8;
-                case GL11.GL_SHORT, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> 2;
-                case GL11.GL_BYTE, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> 1;
-                default -> 4;
-            };
-        }
-
-        public float readComponent(ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
-            return readComponent(type, normalized, buf, base, component);
-        }
-
-        public static float readComponent(int type, boolean normalized, ByteBuffer buf, int base, int component) {
-            return switch (type) {
-                case GL11.GL_FLOAT -> buf.getFloat(base + component * 4);
-                case GL11.GL_DOUBLE -> (float) buf.getDouble(base + component * 8);
-                case GL11.GL_INT -> {
-                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
-                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Integer.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT -> {
-                    final int v = buf.getInt(base + component * 4);
-                    yield normalized ? (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL) / (float) 0xFFFFFFFFL : (float) (v & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_SHORT -> {
-                    final short v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2);
-                    yield normalized ? v / (float) Short.MAX_VALUE : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT -> {
-                    final int v = buf.getShort(base + component * 2) & 0xFFFF;
-                    yield normalized ? v / (float) 0xFFFF : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_BYTE -> {
-                    final byte v = buf.get(base + component);
-                    yield normalized ? v / 127.0f : (float) v;
-                }
-                case GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE -> {
-                    final int v = buf.get(base + component) & 0xFF;
-                    yield normalized ? v / 255.0f : (float) v;
-                }
-                default -> 0.0f;
-            };
-        }
-    }
-}

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/streaming/TessellatorStreamingDrawer.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.QuadConverter;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ShaderManager;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Tessellator;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
@@ -204,14 +203,8 @@ public class TessellatorStreamingDrawer {
             firstVertex = 0;
         }
 
-        GLStateManager.prepareWideLineEmulation(drawMode);
-        ShaderManager.getInstance().preDraw(flags);
         drawWithQuadConversion(drawMode, firstVertex, vertexCount);
         GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
-        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
     }
 
     private static void drawWithQuadConversion(int drawMode, int firstVertex, int vertexCount) {

glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/texture/TextureInfo.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ public class TextureInfo {
     @Getter @Setter protected int magFilter = GL11.GL_LINEAR;
     @Getter @Setter protected int wrapS = GL11.GL_REPEAT;
     @Getter @Setter protected int wrapT = GL11.GL_REPEAT;
+    @Getter @Setter protected int baseLevel = 0;
     @Getter @Setter protected int maxLevel = 1000;
     @Getter @Setter protected int minLod = -1000;
     @Getter @Setter protected int maxLod = 1000;
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ public class TextureInfo {
 
     @Getter @Setter protected float maxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
 
+    @Getter @Setter protected boolean generateMipmap = false;
+
     protected TextureInfo(int id) {
         this.id = id;
     }

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ArrayUniformUploadGLTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
+
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+@ExtendWith(GLSMCoreExtension.class)
+class ArrayUniformUploadGLTest {
+
+    private static int compile(int type, String src) {
+        final int s = GL20.glCreateShader(type);
+        GL20.glShaderSource(s, src);
+        GL20.glCompileShader(s);
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, GL20.glGetShaderi(s, GL20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS), () -> "shader compile failed: " + GL20.glGetShaderInfoLog(s, 4096));
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    private static int link(String vs, String fs) {
+        final int v = compile(GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vs);
+        final int f = compile(GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fs);
+        final int p = GL20.glCreateProgram();
+        GL20.glAttachShader(p, v);
+        GL20.glAttachShader(p, f);
+        GL20.glLinkProgram(p);
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRUE, GL20.glGetProgrami(p, GL20.GL_LINK_STATUS), () -> "link failed: " + GL20.glGetProgramInfoLog(p, 4096));
+        GL20.glDeleteShader(v);
+        GL20.glDeleteShader(f);
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    private static final String VS = "#version 330 core\nvoid main(){ gl_Position = vec4(0.0); }\n";
+
+    @Test
+    void glUniform2FloatBufferUploadsWholeArray() {
+        // Runtime index keeps the whole array active so element locations stay queryable.
+        final String fs = "#version 330 core\n"
+            + "uniform vec2 cosmicuvs[10];\n"
+            + "uniform int idx;\n"
+            + "out vec4 o;\n"
+            + "void main(){ o = vec4(cosmicuvs[idx], cosmicuvs[(idx+1)%10]); }\n";
+        final int p = link(VS, fs);
+        try {
+            GL20.glUseProgram(p);
+
+            final FloatBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(20);
+            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) buf.put(i + 1.0f); // 1..20, all distinct, all non-zero
+            buf.flip();
+
+            GLStateManager.glUniform2(GL20.glGetUniformLocation(p, "cosmicuvs"), buf);
+
+            final FloatBuffer read = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(2);
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                final int loc = GL20.glGetUniformLocation(p, "cosmicuvs[" + i + "]");
+                assertTrue(loc >= 0, "element " + i + " optimized out");
+                read.clear();
+                GL20.glGetUniform(p, loc, read);
+                assertEquals(2 * i + 1.0f, read.get(0), 0.0f, "cosmicuvs[" + i + "].x");
+                assertEquals(2 * i + 2.0f, read.get(1), 0.0f, "cosmicuvs[" + i + "].y");
+            }
+        } finally {
+            GL20.glUseProgram(0);
+            GL20.glDeleteProgram(p);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void glUniform1IntBufferUploadsWholeArray() {
+        final String fs = "#version 330 core\n"
+            + "uniform int vals[4];\n"
+            + "uniform int idx;\n"
+            + "out vec4 o;\n"
+            + "void main(){ o = vec4(float(vals[idx])); }\n";
+        final int p = link(VS, fs);
+        try {
+            GL20.glUseProgram(p);
+
+            final IntBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(4);
+            buf.put(11).put(22).put(33).put(44).flip();
+            GLStateManager.glUniform1(GL20.glGetUniformLocation(p, "vals"), buf);
+
+            final IntBuffer read = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(1);
+            final int[] expect = {11, 22, 33, 44};
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                final int loc = GL20.glGetUniformLocation(p, "vals[" + i + "]");
+                assertTrue(loc >= 0, "element " + i + " optimized out");
+                read.clear();
+                GL20.glGetUniform(p, loc, read);
+                assertEquals(expect[i], read.get(0), "vals[" + i + "]");
+            }
+        } finally {
+            GL20.glUseProgram(0);
+            GL20.glDeleteProgram(p);
+        }
+    }
+}

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatShaderTransformerTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
@@ -613,4 +615,239 @@ class CompatShaderTransformerTest {
         assertFalse(result.matches("(?s).*\\bnew\\b(?!\\s*\\().*"), "'new' as identifier must be renamed in core profile output\n\n" + result);
         assertTrue(result.contains("angelica_renamed_new"), "'new' should be renamed to angelica_renamed_new\n\n" + result);
     }
+
+    private static String compact(String s) {
+        return s.replaceAll("\\s+", "");
+    }
+
+    private static String core(String src) {
+        return compact(CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertLoc(String c, int loc, String decl) {
+        assertTrue(c.contains(compact("layout(location=" + loc + ")in" + decl)), decl + " expected at location " + loc + "\n\n" + c);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertNoLoc(String c, int loc, String decl) {
+        assertFalse(c.contains(compact("layout(location=" + loc + ")in" + decl)), decl + " must not be at location " + loc + "\n\n" + c);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCustomPositionAttributePinnedToLocationZero() {
+        // Betweenlands blshader fix
+        String src = """
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a_position;
+            uniform mat4 u_projMat;
+            uniform vec2 u_outSize;
+            varying vec2 v_texCoord;
+            void main(){
+                gl_Position = u_projMat * vec4(a_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+                v_texCoord = a_position.xy / u_outSize;
+            }
+            """;
+
+        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
+        assertLoc(compact(result), 0, "vec4 a_position");
+        assertTrue(result.contains("#version 330 core"), result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testMultipleLocationlessInputsGetSequentialLocations() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a_pos;
+            attribute vec2 a_uv;
+            varying vec2 v_uv;
+            void main() {
+                v_uv = a_uv;
+                gl_Position = vec4(a_pos.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+            }
+            """);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a_pos");
+        assertLoc(c, 1, "vec2 a_uv");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCustomInputReservesAroundGlVertex() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a_foo;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = ftransform() + a_foo;
+            }
+            """);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 angelica_Vertex");
+        assertLoc(c, 1, "vec4 a_foo");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCustomInputSkipsFfpSlots() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a_foo;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = vec4(a_foo.xy, 0.0, 1.0) + gl_Color;
+            }
+            """);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a_foo");
+        assertLoc(c, 1, "vec4 angelica_Color");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testExplicitLowLocationReserved() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            layout(location = 0) in vec4 a_x;
+            attribute vec4 a_y;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = a_x + a_y;
+            }
+            """);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a_x");
+        assertLoc(c, 1, "vec4 a_y");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testMatrixInputSortedFirst() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a_a;
+            attribute mat4 a_m;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = a_m * a_a;
+            }
+            """);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "mat4 a_m");   // 4-slot matrix sorted first
+        assertLoc(c, 4, "vec4 a_a");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testInputNamedLocationStillPinned() {
+        assertLoc(core("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a_location;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = vec4(a_location.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+            }
+            """), 0, "vec4 a_location");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testInputWithExplicitLayoutLeftAlone() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            layout(location = 3) in vec4 a_data;
+            attribute vec4 a_position;
+            varying vec2 v_uv;
+            void main() {
+                v_uv = a_data.xy;
+                gl_Position = vec4(a_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+            }
+            """);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a_position");   // sole location-less input
+        assertLoc(c, 3, "vec4 a_data");       // explicit location preserved
+        assertNoLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a_data");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testPinnedShaderRemainsWellFormed() {
+        String src = """
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a_position;
+            void main() {
+                gl_FrontColor = gl_Color;
+                gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
+                gl_Position = gl_ModelViewMatrix * vec4(a_position.xyz, 1.0);
+            }
+            """;
+
+        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform(src, false);
+        String c = compact(result);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a_position");
+        assertLoc(c, 1, "vec4 angelica_Color");
+        assertTrue(c.contains("uniformmat4angelica_ModelViewMatrix"), "matrix uniform injected\n\n" + result);
+        assertFalse(c.contains("gl_ModelViewMatrix"), "builtin rewritten (not fallback)\n\n" + result);
+
+        final int mainIdx = result.indexOf("void main");
+        assertTrue(mainIdx > 0, result);
+        assertTrue(result.indexOf("angelica_ModelViewMatrix") < mainIdx, "uniform before main\n\n" + result);
+        assertTrue(result.indexOf("a_position") < mainIdx, "pinned input before main\n\n" + result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testGlVertexShaderDoesNotPinCustomAttribute() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute float activelights;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = ftransform();
+                float x = activelights;
+            }
+            """);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 angelica_Vertex");
+        assertNoLoc(c, 0, "float activelights");
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest   // array on the declarator (vec4 a[2]) and on the type (vec4[2] a) must both round-trip
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"attribute vec4 positions[2];", "attribute vec4[2] positions;"})
+    void testArrayAttributePreservedEitherSyntax(String decl) {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            %s
+            attribute vec4 a_tail;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = positions[0] + positions[1] + a_tail;
+            }
+            """.formatted(decl));
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 positions[2]");   // 2-slot array pinned to 0..1
+        assertLoc(c, 2, "vec4 a_tail");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testMultiDeclaratorSplitIntoSeparateLocations() {
+        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a, b;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = a + b;
+            }
+            """, false);
+        String c = compact(result);
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a");
+        assertLoc(c, 1, "vec4 b");
+        assertFalse(result.matches("(?s).*\\battribute\\b.*"), "no deprecated 'attribute' keyword may survive\n\n" + result);
+        assertTrue(result.contains("#version 330 core"), result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testMultiDeclaratorWithMixedArray() {
+        String result = CompatShaderTransformer.transform("""
+            #version 120
+            attribute vec4 a, b[2];
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = a + b[0] + b[1];
+            }
+            """, false);
+        String c = compact(result);
+        // b takes 2 slots; sorted before the 1-slot a, so b -> 0..1, a -> 2.
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 b[2]");
+        assertLoc(c, 2, "vec4 a");
+        assertFalse(result.matches("(?s).*\\battribute\\b.*"), "no deprecated 'attribute' keyword may survive\n\n" + result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testHexExplicitLocationReserved() {
+        String c = core("""
+            #version 120
+            layout(location = 0x1) in vec4 a_x;
+            attribute vec4 a_y;
+            void main() {
+                gl_Position = a_x + a_y;
+            }
+            """);
+        assertTrue(c.contains("layout(location=0x1)invec4a_x"), "hex explicit location preserved\n\n" + c);
+        assertNoLoc(c, 1, "vec4 a_y");   // must not collide with the hex-reserved slot
+        assertLoc(c, 0, "vec4 a_y");
+    }
 }

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManagerTest.java

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class CompatUniformManagerTest {
     void cleanup() {
         if (program != 0) {
             GL20.glUseProgram(0);
-            GL20.glDeleteProgram(program);
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteProgram(program);
             program = 0;
         }
     }

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/DisplayListCompilationGLSMTest.java

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 /** Tests GLSM display list behavior matches OpenGL spec. */
@@ -257,4 +259,30 @@ class DisplayListCompilationGLSMTest {
 
         GLStateManager.glEndList();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void glsm_unsupportedOpInList_abortsCleanly() {
+        testList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(testList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        assertTrue(DisplayListManager.isRecording(), "recording after glNewList");
+
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> GLStateManager.glReadBuffer(GL11.GL_FRONT));
+
+        assertFalse(DisplayListManager.isRecording(), "recording state must be reset after an in-list throw");
+        assertEquals(DisplayListManager.RecordMode.NONE, DisplayListManager.getRecordMode());
+
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> GLStateManager.glReadBuffer(GL11.GL_FRONT));
+        assertDoesNotThrow(GLStateManager::glEndList);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void glsm_abortIfLeaked_recoversOpenList() {
+        testList = GL11.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(testList, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        assertTrue(DisplayListManager.isRecording());
+
+        DisplayListManager.abortIfLeaked();
+
+        assertFalse(DisplayListManager.isRecording(), "frame-begin backstop must clear a leaked open list");
+    }
 }

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMExtension.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLDebug;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.AfterEachCallback;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSM_DisplayList_PixelStore_Test.java

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+@ExtendWith(GLSMCoreExtension.class)
+public class GLSM_DisplayList_PixelStore_Test {
+
+    private static final int SRC = 8;
+    private static final int SUB = 4;
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void resetUnpackState() {
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
+        setUnpack(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static void setUnpack(int rowLength, int skipRows, int skipPixels) {
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, rowLength);
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, skipRows);
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, skipPixels);
+    }
+
+    private static void setStridedUnpack() {
+        setUnpack(SRC, 1, 2);
+    }
+
+    /** RGBA source; red channel = y*size+x, alpha = 255. */
+    private static ByteBuffer makeSource(int size) {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(size * size * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        for (int i = 0; i < size * size; i++) {
+            buf.put((byte) i).put((byte) 0).put((byte) 0).put((byte) 255);
+        }
+        buf.flip();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    private static int makeTexture(int size, ByteBuffer pixels) {
+        final int tex = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, size, size, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
+        return tex;
+    }
+
+    private static ByteBuffer readback(int size) {
+        final ByteBuffer out = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(size * size * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        GLStateManager.glGetTexImage(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, out);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    private static int red(ByteBuffer pixels, int size, int x, int y) {
+        return pixels.get((y * size + x) * 4) & 0xFF;
+    }
+
+    private static void assertStridedSubImage(ByteBuffer pixels) {
+        for (int y = 0; y < SUB; y++) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < SUB; x++) {
+                assertEquals((y + 1) * SRC + (x + 2), red(pixels, SUB, x, y), "pixel (" + x + "," + y + ")");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertTightSubImage(ByteBuffer pixels) {
+        for (int y = 0; y < SUB; y++) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < SUB; x++) {
+                assertEquals(y * SUB + x, red(pixels, SUB, x, y), "pixel (" + x + "," + y + ")");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertUnpack(int rowLength, int skipRows, int skipPixels) {
+        assertEquals(rowLength, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH));
+        assertEquals(skipRows, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS));
+        assertEquals(skipPixels, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void pixelStoreExecutesImmediatelyAndIsNotRecorded() {
+        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 7);
+        assertEquals(7, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH), "must execute immediately during recording");
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+        assertEquals(7, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH), "must persist after glEndList");
+
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+        assertEquals(0, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH), "must not have been recorded into the list");
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void stridedTexSubImage2DCompile() {
+        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
+        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SRC);
+
+        setStridedUnpack();
+
+        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, SUB, SUB, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        assertEquals(0, red(readback(SUB), SUB, 0, 0), "GL_COMPILE must not execute the upload");
+
+        setUnpack(0, 0, 0);
+
+        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+        assertStridedSubImage(readback(SUB));
+        assertUnpack(0, 0, 0);
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void stridedTexSubImage2DCompileAndExecute() {
+        final ByteBuffer zeros = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, zeros);
+        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SRC);
+
+        setStridedUnpack();
+
+        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE);
+        GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, SUB, SUB, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        assertStridedSubImage(readback(SUB));
+
+        setUnpack(0, 0, 0);
+        GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, SUB, SUB, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, zeros);
+
+        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+        assertStridedSubImage(readback(SUB));
+        assertUnpack(0, 0, 0);
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void stridedTexImage2DCompile() {
+        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
+        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SRC);
+
+        setStridedUnpack();
+
+        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, SUB, SUB, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        setUnpack(0, 0, 0);
+
+        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+        assertStridedSubImage(readback(SUB));
+        assertUnpack(0, 0, 0);
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void defaultRecordedTexSubImage2DReplaysWithDefaults() {
+        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
+        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SUB);
+
+        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, SUB, SUB, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+        setStridedUnpack();
+
+        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+        assertTightSubImage(readback(SUB));
+        assertEquals(1, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT), "live state must survive replay");
+        assertUnpack(SRC, 1, 2);
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void defaultRecordedTexImage2DReplaysWithDefaults() {
+        final int tex = makeTexture(SUB, ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(SUB * SUB * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()));
+        final ByteBuffer src = makeSource(SUB);
+
+        final int list = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, SUB, SUB, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, src);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        GLStateManager.glPixelStorei(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+        setStridedUnpack();
+
+        GLStateManager.glCallList(list);
+        assertTightSubImage(readback(SUB));
+        assertEquals(1, GL11.glGetInteger(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT), "live state must survive replay");
+        assertUnpack(SRC, 1, 2);
+
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteLists(list, 1);
+        GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(tex);
+    }
+}

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSM_VAO_UnitTest.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.opengl.UniversalVAO;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.util.GLSMUtil;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -122,6 +122,68 @@ public class GLSM_VAO_UnitTest {
         UniversalVAO.deleteVertexArrays(vao);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void testGenericAttributeSupersedesFfpConventional() {
+        final int vao = UniversalVAO.genVertexArrays();
+        glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        final int vbo = GL15.glGenBuffers();
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+
+        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 1, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0L);
+        GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
+        GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0L);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, VAOManager.get(0).size, "enabled generic attribute must supersede the FFP conventional array at the same location");
+        Assertions.assertTrue(VAOManager.get(0).genericPointer, "location must remain generic-sourced");
+
+        GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GL15.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+        UniversalVAO.deleteVertexArrays(vao);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testGenericAttributeWinsRegardlessOfOrder() {
+        final int vao = UniversalVAO.genVertexArrays();
+        glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        final int vbo = GL15.glGenBuffers();
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+
+        GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0L);
+        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 1, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0L);
+        GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, VAOManager.get(0).size, "generic attribute set after the FFP conventional array must still win");
+        Assertions.assertTrue(VAOManager.get(0).genericPointer, "location must remain generic-sourced");
+
+        GLStateManager.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GL15.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+        UniversalVAO.deleteVertexArrays(vao);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testFfpConventionalAppliesWithoutGenericAttribute() {
+        final int vao = UniversalVAO.genVertexArrays();
+        glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        final int vbo = GL15.glGenBuffers();
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+
+        GLStateManager.glVertexPointer(3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, 0, 0L);
+        GLStateManager.glEnableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals(3, VAOManager.get(0).size, "plain FFP conventional array must apply when no generic attribute occupies the location");
+        Assertions.assertFalse(VAOManager.get(0).genericPointer, "location must be conventional-sourced");
+
+        GLStateManager.glDisableClientState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GL15.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+        UniversalVAO.deleteVertexArrays(vao);
+    }
+
     private static void testClientStates() {
         verifyState(GL11.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY, false, "GL_VERTEX_ARRAY Default State");
         verifyState(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY, false, "GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY Default State");
@@ -133,7 +195,7 @@ public class GLSM_VAO_UnitTest {
     private static void glBindVertexArray(int array) {
         if (array == 0) array = GLStateManager.getDefaultVAO();
         GLStateManager.boundVAO = array;
-        VertexAttribState.onBindVertexArray(array);
+        VAOManager.onBindVertexArrayPre(array);
         UniversalVAO.bindVertexArray(array);
     }
 }

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/HugeFarPlaneFrustumTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import org.joml.FrustumIntersection;
+import org.joml.Matrix4f;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class HugeFarPlaneFrustumTest {
+
+    private static final float SECTION_HALF = 8.0f + 1.0f + 0.125f;
+    private static final float DEGENERATE_FAR = 2.147483648e9f;
+
+    private static Matrix4f combined(float zFar) {
+        final Matrix4f proj = new Matrix4f().perspective((float) Math.toRadians(70.0), 854.0f / 480.0f, 0.05f, zFar);
+        final Matrix4f mv = new Matrix4f()
+            .rotate((float) Math.toRadians(25.0), 1, 0, 0)
+            .rotate((float) Math.toRadians(123.0), 0, 1, 0)
+            .translate(0.0f, -1.62f, 0.0f);
+        return new Matrix4f().set(proj).mul(mv);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean sectionVisible(FrustumIntersection f, int sx, int sy, int sz) {
+        final float cx = sx * 16.0f + 8.0f;
+        final float cy = sy * 16.0f + 8.0f;
+        final float cz = sz * 16.0f + 8.0f;
+        return f.testAab(cx - SECTION_HALF, cy - SECTION_HALF, cz - SECTION_HALF, cx + SECTION_HALF, cy + SECTION_HALF, cz + SECTION_HALF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void unnormalizedFrustumMatchesNormalFarPlane() {
+        final FrustumIntersection normal = new FrustumIntersection(combined(512.0f), false);
+        final FrustumIntersection huge = new FrustumIntersection(combined(DEGENERATE_FAR), false);
+
+        int visible = 0;
+        int mismatches = 0;
+        for (int x = -12; x <= 12; x++) {
+            for (int y = -4; y <= 4; y++) {
+                for (int z = -12; z <= 12; z++) {
+                    final boolean vNormal = sectionVisible(normal, x, y, z);
+                    if (vNormal) visible++;
+                    if (vNormal != sectionVisible(huge, x, y, z)) mismatches++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assertTrue(visible > 100, "sanity check broken: normal frustum accepted only " + visible + " sections");
+        assertEquals(0, mismatches, "sections culled differently under the degenerate far plane");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void normalizedSetCullsEverythingOnDegenerateFarPlane() {
+        final FrustumIntersection normalized = new FrustumIntersection();
+        normalized.set(combined(DEGENERATE_FAR));
+
+        int visible = 0;
+        for (int x = -12; x <= 12; x++) {
+            for (int y = -4; y <= 4; y++) {
+                for (int z = -12; z <= 12; z++) {
+                    if (sectionVisible(normalized, x, y, z)) visible++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assertEquals(0, visible, "set(m) with a degenerate far plane no longer culls everything");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void identityFrustumOnlyPassesCameraSection() {
+        final FrustumIntersection identity = new FrustumIntersection(new Matrix4f());
+        assertTrue(sectionVisible(identity, 0, 0, 0), "identity frustum rejected the camera's own section");
+        int visible = 0;
+        for (int x = -12; x <= 12; x++) {
+            for (int y = -4; y <= 4; y++) {
+                for (int z = -12; z <= 12; z++) {
+                    if (Math.abs(x) <= 1 && Math.abs(y) <= 1 && Math.abs(z) <= 1) continue;
+                    if (sectionVisible(identity, x, y, z)) visible++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assertEquals(0, visible, "non-adjacent sections accepted by the identity frustum");
+    }
+}

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/InstancedQuadDrawGLTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
+
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+
+@ExtendWith(GLSMCoreExtension.class)
+class InstancedQuadDrawGLTest {
+
+    private static final String VS = "#version 330 core\nlayout(location=0) in vec2 aPos;\nvoid main(){ gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 0.0, 1.0); }\n";
+    private static final String FS = "#version 330 core\nout vec4 o;\nvoid main(){ o = vec4(1.0); }\n";
+
+    private int program;
+    private int vbo;
+    private int ebo;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setup() {
+        program = buildProgram();
+        GLStateManager.glUseProgram(program);
+
+        final FloatBuffer verts = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(8);
+        verts.put(new float[] {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1}).flip();
+        vbo = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+        GLStateManager.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, verts, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+        GLStateManager.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0L);
+        GLStateManager.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
+
+        final IntBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(4);
+        idx.put(new int[] {0, 1, 2, 3}).flip();
+        ebo = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
+        GLStateManager.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, idx, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+
+        drainErrors();
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void cleanup() {
+        GLStateManager.glUseProgram(0);
+        if (program != 0) GL20.glDeleteProgram(program);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        if (vbo != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+        if (ebo != 0) GLStateManager.glDeleteBuffers(ebo);
+        drainErrors();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void drawArraysInstanced_quads_noInvalidEnum() {
+        GLStateManager.glDrawArraysInstanced(GL11.GL_QUADS, 0, 4, 3);
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11.glGetError(), "GL_QUADS instanced array draw must be emulated, not rejected");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void drawArraysInstanced_triangles_fastPathClean() {
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        GLStateManager.glDrawArraysInstanced(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3, 3);
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11.glGetError(), "non-quad instanced array draw passes through cleanly");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void drawElementsInstanced_quads_noInvalidEnum() {
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
+        GLStateManager.glDrawElementsInstanced(GL11.GL_QUADS, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0L, 3);
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11.glGetError(), "GL_QUADS instanced element draw must be emulated, not rejected");
+    }
+
+    private static int buildProgram() {
+        final int vs = compile(GL20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, VS);
+        final int fs = compile(GL20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, FS);
+        final int p = GL20.glCreateProgram();
+        GL20.glAttachShader(p, vs);
+        GL20.glAttachShader(p, fs);
+        GL20.glLinkProgram(p);
+        assertNotEquals(0, GL20.glGetProgrami(p, GL20.GL_LINK_STATUS), "test shader must link: " + GL20.glGetProgramInfoLog(p, 1024));
+        GL20.glDeleteShader(vs);
+        GL20.glDeleteShader(fs);
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    private static int compile(int type, String src) {
+        final int s = GL20.glCreateShader(type);
+        GL20.glShaderSource(s, src);
+        GL20.glCompileShader(s);
+        assertNotEquals(0, GL20.glGetShaderi(s, GL20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS), "test shader must compile: " + GL20.glGetShaderInfoLog(s, 1024));
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    private static void drainErrors() {
+        while (GL11.glGetError() != GL11.GL_NO_ERROR) { /* clear */ }
+    }
+}

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testGlColor4fSetsVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.glColor4f(0.5f, 0.25f, 0.75f, 0.8f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] color = getVertexAttrib4f(COLOR_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.5f, color[0], EPSILON, "color.r");
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testGlNormal3fSetsVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.glNormal3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] normal = getVertexAttrib4f(NORMAL_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.0f, normal[0], EPSILON, "normal.x");
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testSetLightmapTextureCoordsOnUnit1SetsVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.setLightmapTextureCoords(GL13.GL_TEXTURE1, 240.0f, 128.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] lm = getVertexAttrib4f(SECONDARY_UV_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(240.0f, lm[0], EPSILON, "lightmap.s");
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     void testGlTexCoord2fSetsVertexAttrib() {
         // glTexCoord2f outside recording → sets default vertex attrib 2 (PRIMARY_UV)
         GLStateManager.glTexCoord2f(0.5f, 0.75f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] uv = getVertexAttrib4f(PRIMARY_UV_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.5f, uv[0], EPSILON, "texcoord.s");
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
         // Second call is a cache hit — changeColor not called.
         // Vertex attrib should still hold the correct value from the first call.
         GLStateManager.glColor4f(0.3f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 1.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         float[] color = getVertexAttrib4f(COLOR_ATTRIB);
         assertEquals(0.3f, color[0], EPSILON, "color.r after dedup");
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class VertexAttribDefaultBridgeTest {
     @Test
     void testCompileMode_DoesNotSetVertexAttrib() {
         GLStateManager.glColor4f(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
-        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(0);
+        GLStateManager.flushDeferredVertexAttribs(false, false, false, false);
 
         int listId = GLStateManager.glGenLists(1);
         GLStateManager.glNewList(listId, org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.GL_COMPILE);

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FFPCombineShaderTest.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
 
     private final List<Integer> shadersToDelete = new ArrayList<>();
     private final List<Integer> programsToDelete = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<Integer> texturesToDelete = new ArrayList<>();
 
     @AfterEach
     void cleanup() {
@@ -37,15 +38,25 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
         programsToDelete.clear();
         shadersToDelete.clear();
 
-        // Reset texture units to defaults
+        // Reset texture units to defaults (unbind so a later test does not see a stale binding)
         for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
             GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + i);
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
             GLStateManager.getTextures().getTexEnvState(i).reset();
             if (i > 0) {
                 GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i).disable();
             }
         }
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+        for (int t : texturesToDelete) GL11.glDeleteTextures(t);
+        texturesToDelete.clear();
+    }
+
+    private int bindUnitTexture() {
+        final int tex = GL11.glGenTextures();
+        texturesToDelete.add(tex);
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+        return tex;
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -113,6 +124,7 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
     void testSingleUnitCombineCompiles() {
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
         GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL13.GL_COMBINE);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_RGB, GL11.GL_MODULATE);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL11.GL_MODULATE);
@@ -169,6 +181,7 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
     void testAllCombineFunctionsCompile(String name, int glFunc, int numArgs) {
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
         GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL13.GL_COMBINE);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_RGB, glFunc);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL11.GL_REPLACE);
@@ -202,6 +215,7 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
     void testCombineScopeDeclaresColorOutsideBlock() {
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
         GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL13.GL_COMBINE);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_RGB, GL11.GL_MODULATE);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL11.GL_MODULATE);
@@ -258,6 +272,7 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
         // Unit 0: COMBINE / SUBTRACT
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
         GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL13.GL_COMBINE);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_RGB, GL13.GL_SUBTRACT);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL11.GL_REPLACE);
@@ -273,6 +288,7 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
         // Unit 2: COMBINE / ADD
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE2);
         GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL13.GL_COMBINE);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_RGB, GL11.GL_ADD);
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL13.GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL11.GL_REPLACE);
@@ -286,6 +302,7 @@ class FFPCombineShaderTest {
         // Unit 3: simple MODULATE
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE3);
         GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
         GLStateManager.glTexEnvi(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL11.GL_MODULATE);
 
         // Restore active unit

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FFPUnboundTextureUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMCoreExtension;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+@ExtendWith(GLSMCoreExtension.class)
+class FFPUnboundTextureUnitTest {
+
+    private final List<Integer> texturesToDelete = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void cleanup() {
+        for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
+            GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0 + i);
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+            if (i > 0) GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitStates(i).disable();
+        }
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+        for (int t : texturesToDelete) GL11.glDeleteTextures(t);
+        texturesToDelete.clear();
+    }
+
+    private void bindUnitTexture() {
+        final int tex = GL11.glGenTextures();
+        texturesToDelete.add(tex);
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void enabledUnitWithoutTextureIsExcluded() {
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+        GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE2);
+        GLStateManager.enableTexture(); // enabled, nothing bound
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE3);
+        GLStateManager.enableTexture(); // enabled, nothing bound
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+
+        final FragmentKey fk = FragmentKey.fromState();
+        assertEquals(1, fk.nrEnabledUnits(), "units 2/3 have no texture bound -> excluded -> only unit 0");
+        assertEquals(0b0001, fk.enabledUnitMask(), "only unit 0 in the key; enabled-but-unbound units 2/3 excluded");
+        assertTrue(fk.unitEnabled(0), "unit 0 (texture bound) stays enabled");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void enabledUnitsWithTextureAreCounted() {
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+        GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE2);
+        GLStateManager.enableTexture();
+        bindUnitTexture();
+        GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
+
+        final FragmentKey fk = FragmentKey.fromState();
+        assertTrue(fk.unitEnabled(0));
+        assertTrue(fk.unitEnabled(2), "unit 2 with a bound texture must be counted");
+        assertEquals(3, fk.nrEnabledUnits(), "highest enabled is unit 2 -> nrEnabledUnits=3");
+    }
+}

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/recording/IndexedDrawBatchBuilderTest.java

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.DisplayListManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.VAOManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands.BatchedIndexedDrawCmd;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.commands.IndexedDrawBatch;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.recording.support.DisplayListTestFixture;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.VertexAttribState;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.EnumSource;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
@@ -17,7 +20,10 @@ import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
@@ -25,6 +31,7 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments.arguments;
 
 class IndexedDrawBatchBuilderTest extends DisplayListTestFixture {
 
@@ -307,10 +314,10 @@ class IndexedDrawBatchBuilderTest extends DisplayListTestFixture {
         GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
         final ByteBuffer colorSlice = clientData.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
         colorSlice.position(8);
-        VertexAttribState.set(0, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, clientData, 0);
-        VertexAttribState.setEnabled(0, true);
-        VertexAttribState.set(1, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, true, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, colorSlice, 0);
-        VertexAttribState.setEnabled(1, true);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(0, 2, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, clientData);
+        VAOManager.enableAttribute(0);
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(1, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, true, POS_COLOR_STRIDE, colorSlice);
+        VAOManager.enableAttribute(1);
         GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
 
         final int ebo = uploadEbo(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, 1, 2);
@@ -521,7 +528,153 @@ class IndexedDrawBatchBuilderTest extends DisplayListTestFixture {
             "listBA: batch[1] must match the second-recorded layout");
     }
 
-    // === local helpers ===
+    private static Stream<Arguments> clientIndexedDrawCases() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            arguments("byte indices", GL11.GL_COMPILE, (Runnable) () -> {
+                final ByteBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(3);
+                idx.put(new byte[]{0, 1, 2}).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, idx);
+            }, GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 3),
+            arguments("short indices", GL11.GL_COMPILE, (Runnable) () -> {
+                final ShortBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createShortBuffer(3);
+                idx.put(new short[]{0, 1, 2}).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, idx);
+            }, GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 3),
+            arguments("int indices", GL11.GL_COMPILE, (Runnable) () -> {
+                final IntBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(3);
+                idx.put(new int[]{0, 1, 2}).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, idx);
+            }, GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 3),
+            arguments("explicit count+type", GL11.GL_COMPILE, (Runnable) () -> {
+                final ByteBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(3 * 2).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+                idx.putShort((short) 0).putShort((short) 1).putShort((short) 2).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, idx);
+            }, GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 3),
+            arguments("quads triangulate at record", GL11.GL_COMPILE, (Runnable) () -> {
+                final IntBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(4);
+                idx.put(new int[]{0, 1, 2, 3}).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_QUADS, idx);
+            }, GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 6),
+            arguments("compile-and-execute fires live and bakes", GL11.GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE, (Runnable) () -> {
+                final IntBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(3);
+                idx.put(new int[]{0, 1, 2}).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, idx);
+            }, GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 3)
+        );
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @MethodSource("clientIndexedDrawCases")
+    void clientIndexedDraw_capturedAndWidenedToUnsignedInt(String name, int listMode, Runnable draw, int expectedMode, int expectedCount) {
+        final int list = recordClientIndexDraw(listMode, draw);
+        final BatchedIndexedDrawCmd cmd = firstBatchedCmd(list);
+        assertNotNull(cmd);
+        assertEquals(expectedMode, cmd.getDrawMode());
+        assertEquals(expectedCount, cmd.getIndexCount());
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, cmd.getIndexType(), "client indices always widen to UNSIGNED_INT");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void clientVerticesAndIndices_pointersSetDuringRecording_bake() {
+        final float[][] verts = {{0f, 0f, 0f}, {1f, 0f, 0f}, {1f, 1f, 0f}, {0f, 1f, 0f}};
+        final ByteBuffer clientVerts = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(verts.length * 12).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        for (float[] v : verts) {
+            clientVerts.putFloat(v[0]);
+            clientVerts.putFloat(v[1]);
+            clientVerts.putFloat(v[2]);
+        }
+        clientVerts.flip();
+        final IntBuffer indices = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(6);
+        indices.put(new int[]{0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0}).flip();
+
+        final int vao = newVao();
+        final int list = newList();
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+
+        VAOManager.setAttribute(0, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, clientVerts);
+        VAOManager.enableAttribute(0);
+        GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, indices);
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        final BatchedIndexedDrawCmd cmd = firstBatchedCmd(list);
+        assertNotNull(cmd);
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, cmd.getDrawMode());
+        assertEquals(6, cmd.getIndexCount());
+        assertEquals(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, cmd.getIndexType());
+
+        final ByteBuffer owned = readBufferBytes(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, firstBatch(list).getSharedVBO(), verts.length * 12);
+        for (int i = 0; i < verts.length; i++) {
+            assertEquals(verts[i][0], owned.getFloat(i * 12), 0f, "pos.x v=" + i);
+            assertEquals(verts[i][1], owned.getFloat(i * 12 + 4), 0f, "pos.y v=" + i);
+            assertEquals(verts[i][2], owned.getFloat(i * 12 + 8), 0f, "pos.z v=" + i);
+        }
+        MemoryUtilities.memFree(owned);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void quadOffsetDraw_compileAndExecute_doesNotPauseRecordingForRestOfList() {
+        final int vao = setupPosColorVao(defaultQuadVbo());
+        final int quadEbo = uploadEbo(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, 1, 2, 3);
+        final int triEbo = uploadEbo(GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, 1, 2);
+
+        final int list = newList();
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE);
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, quadEbo);
+        GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_QUADS, 4, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0L);
+        assertTrue(DisplayListManager.isRecording(), "recording must resume after a GL_QUADS offset draw");
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, triEbo);
+        GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0L);
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        assertEquals(2, allBatchedCmds(list).size(), "both the QUADS draw and the following triangle draw must be recorded");
+    }
+
+    private enum MalformedClientDraw { OVERSIZED_COUNT, INDEX_PAST_VERTEX_BUFFER }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+    @EnumSource(MalformedClientDraw.class)
+    void malformedClientDraw_skippedAndRecordingSurvives(MalformedClientDraw scenario) {
+        final int list = newList();
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, GL11.GL_COMPILE);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        switch (scenario) {
+            case OVERSIZED_COUNT -> {
+                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(setupPosColorVao(defaultQuadVbo()));
+                final ByteBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(3 * 2).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+                idx.putShort((short) 0).putShort((short) 1).putShort((short) 2).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 100, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, idx);
+            }
+            case INDEX_PAST_VERTEX_BUFFER -> {
+                final int vbo = uploadPosColorVbo(new float[]{0f, 0f, 1f, 0f}, new byte[][]{{1, 1, 1, 1}, {2, 2, 2, 2}});
+                GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(setupPosColorVao(vbo));
+                final IntBuffer idx = BufferUtils.createIntBuffer(4);
+                idx.put(new int[]{0, 1, 2, 3}).flip();
+                GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, idx);
+            }
+        }
+        assertTrue(DisplayListManager.isRecording(), "recording survives a skipped malformed draw");
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+
+        assertNull(firstBatchedCmd(list), "malformed draw must be skipped, not captured or over-read");
+    }
+
+    private int recordClientIndexDraw(int listMode, Runnable draw) {
+        final int vao = setupPosColorVao(defaultQuadVbo());
+        final int list = newList();
+        GLStateManager.glNewList(list, listMode);
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        draw.run();
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GLStateManager.glEndList();
+        return list;
+    }
 
     private static void assertUintIndices(ByteBuffer ib, int... expected) {
         for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {

glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/PixelUnpackStateTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class PixelUnpackStateTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void defaults() {
+        assertTrue(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.isDefault());
+        assertEquals(4, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.alignment());
+        assertEquals(0, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.rowLength());
+        assertFalse(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.swapBytes());
+        assertFalse(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.lsbFirst());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void withUpdatesUnpackParams() {
+        PixelUnpackState s = PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT
+            .with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1)
+            .with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 64)
+            .with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, 2)
+            .with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, 3)
+            .with(GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, 32)
+            .with(GL12.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, 1)
+            .with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, 1)
+            .with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, 1);
+        assertEquals(new PixelUnpackState(1, 64, 2, 3, 32, 1, true, true), s);
+        assertFalse(s.isDefault());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void invalidValuesIgnored() {
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 3));
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 0));
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, -1));
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, -5));
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL12.GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, -1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void booleansAcceptAnyNonzero() {
+        assertTrue(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, 2).swapBytes());
+        assertTrue(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_LSB_FIRST, -1).lsbFirst());
+        PixelUnpackState on = PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, 1);
+        assertFalse(on.with(GL11.GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES, 0).swapBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void packAndUnknownPnamesIgnored() {
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1));
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(GL11.GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, 16));
+        assertSame(PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT, PixelUnpackState.DEFAULT.with(0x1234, 1));
+    }
+}

lwjgl3-backend/build.gradle.kts

@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ repositories {
         name = "GTNH Maven"
         url = uri("https://nexus.gtnewhorizons.com/repository/public/")
     }
+    maven {
+        name = "Minecraft Libraries"
+        url = uri("https://libraries.minecraft.net")
+    }
     maven {
         name = "Forge"
         url = uri("https://maven.minecraftforge.net/")
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ dependencies {
     api(project(":glsm"))
 
     compileOnly("com.github.GTNewHorizons:lwjgl3ify:3.0.15:dev") { isTransitive = false }
-    compileOnly("org.embeddedt.celeritas:celeritas-common:2.5.3-GTNH") { isTransitive = false }
+    compileOnly("org.embeddedt.celeritas:celeritas-common:2.5.5-GTNH") { isTransitive = false }
 
     val osName = System.getProperty("os.name").lowercase()
     val osArch = System.getProperty("os.arch").lowercase()

lwjgl3-backend/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend.java

@@ -348,6 +348,16 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL31C.glDrawElementsInstanced(mode, count, type, indices, primcount);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void drawArraysInstanced(int mode, int first, int count, int primcount) {
+        GL31C.glDrawArraysInstanced(mode, first, count, primcount);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void provokingVertex(int provokeMode) {
+        GL32C.glProvokingVertex(provokeMode);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void multiDrawElementsIndirect(int mode, int type, long indirect, int drawcount, int stride) {
         GL43C.glMultiDrawElementsIndirect(mode, type, indirect, drawcount, stride);
@@ -544,11 +554,6 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL11C.glPixelStorei(pname, param);
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void pixelStoref(int pname, float param) {
-        GL11C.glPixelStoref(pname, param);
-    }
-
     @Override
     public void sampleCoverage(float value, boolean invert) {
         GL13C.glSampleCoverage(value, invert);
@@ -861,6 +866,11 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL20C.glUniform4i(location, v0, v1, v2, v3);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void uniform2(int location, FloatBuffer value) {
+        GL20C.glUniform2fv(location, value);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void uniform3(int location, FloatBuffer value) {
         GL20C.glUniform3fv(location, value);
@@ -871,6 +881,26 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL20C.glUniform4fv(location, value);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void uniform1iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20C.glUniform1iv(location, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void uniform2iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20C.glUniform2iv(location, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void uniform3iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20C.glUniform3iv(location, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void uniform4iv(int location, IntBuffer value) {
+        GL20C.glUniform4iv(location, value);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void uniformMatrix3(int location, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value) {
         GL20C.glUniformMatrix3fv(location, transpose, value);
@@ -1081,6 +1111,11 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         GL30C.glBindVertexArray(array);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean isVertexArray(int array) {
+        return GL30C.glIsVertexArray(array);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void vertexAttribPointer(int index, int size, int type, boolean normalized, int stride, long pointer) {
         GL20C.glVertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer);
@@ -1371,11 +1406,14 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
 
     @Override
     public boolean supportsDebugOutput() {
-        return caps != null && caps.OpenGL43;
+        return caps != null && (caps.OpenGL43 || caps.GL_KHR_debug);
     }
 
     @Override
     public int setupDebugOutput(DebugMessageHandler handler) {
+        if (caps == null || !(caps.OpenGL43 || caps.GL_KHR_debug)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         debugCallback = GLDebugMessageCallback.create(
             (source, type, id, severity, length, message, userParam) -> {
                 final String msg = GLDebugMessageCallback.getMessage(length, message);
@@ -1403,6 +1441,9 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
 
     @Override
     public int disableDebugOutput() {
+        if (caps == null || !(caps.OpenGL43 || caps.GL_KHR_debug)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         GL43C.glDebugMessageCallback(null, 0L);
         if (debugCallback != null) {
             debugCallback.free();

settings.gradle.kts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pluginManagement {
 }
 
 plugins {
-    id("com.gtnewhorizons.gtnhsettingsconvention") version ("2.0.25")
+    id("com.gtnewhorizons.gtnhsettingsconvention") version ("2.0.26")
 }
 
 include("glsm")

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/AngelicaMod.java

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.AngelicaMod.MOD_ID;
         name = "Angelica",
         version = Tags.VERSION,
         dependencies = """
-            required-after:gtnhlib@[0.8.21,);\
+            required-after:gtnhlib@[0.11.19,);\
             before:lwjgl3ify@[1.5.3,);\
             after:hodgepodge@[2.4.4,);\
             after:CodeChickenCore@[1.2.0,);\

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/client/font/FontStrategist.java

@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@ import net.minecraft.client.resources.DefaultResourcePack;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 
+import cpw.mods.fml.common.Loader;
+
 import java.awt.Font;
+import java.awt.FontFormatException;
 import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
 import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
@@ -27,13 +31,13 @@ public class FontStrategist {
     public static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("Angelica");
 
     static {
+        HashMap<String, Font> fontSet = new HashMap<>();
+
         if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) {
-            LOGGER.warn("GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returned true! Custom fonts will be unavailable. This is likely a MacOS issue.");
-            availableFonts = new Font[0];
+            LOGGER.warn("GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returned true! Only bundled fonts will be available. This is likely a MacOS issue.");
         } else {
             // get available fonts without duplicates (250 copies of dialog.plain need not apply)
             Font[] availableFontsDirty = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getAllFonts();
-            HashMap<String, Font> fontSet = new HashMap<>();
             HashMultiset<String> duplicates = HashMultiset.create(); // for debugging
 
             for (Font font : availableFontsDirty) {
@@ -57,11 +61,14 @@ public class FontStrategist {
                 sb.append(". Some fonts may be missing from the font selection menu.");
                 LOGGER.warn(sb.toString());
             }
-            availableFonts = fontSet.values().stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Font::getFontName)).toArray(Font[]::new);
 
-            LOGGER.info("Got {} fonts from GraphicsEnvironment ({} after deduplication)", availableFontsDirty.length, availableFonts.length);
+            LOGGER.info("Got {} fonts from GraphicsEnvironment ({} after deduplication)", availableFontsDirty.length, fontSet.size());
         }
 
+        loadBundledFonts(fontSet);
+
+        availableFonts = fontSet.values().stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Font::getFontName)).toArray(Font[]::new);
+
         // create and add the resource pack that provides fonts
         HashMap<String, File> packMap = new HashMap<>();
         for (int i = 0; i < FontProviderCustom.ATLAS_COUNT; i++) {
@@ -74,6 +81,44 @@ public class FontStrategist {
         defaultResourcePacks.add(fontResourcePack);
     }
 
+    // Load .ttf/.otf shipped with the pack so customFontName* can point at a font that isn't installed
+    // on the system. fontfiles/ is SmoothFont's folder, kept so packs built for it work unchanged.
+    private static void loadBundledFonts(HashMap<String, Font> fontSet) {
+        File configDir = Loader.instance().getConfigDir();
+        if (configDir == null) {
+            LOGGER.warn("Loader.instance().getConfigDir() returned null. Bundled fonts will not be loaded.");
+            return;
+        }
+        File parent = configDir.getParentFile();
+        File[] fontDirs = { new File(parent, "fontfiles"), new File(configDir, "angelica/fonts") };
+        GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() ? null : GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
+        int loaded = 0;
+        for (File dir : fontDirs) {
+            File[] files = dir.listFiles((d, name) -> name.toLowerCase().endsWith(".ttf") || name.toLowerCase().endsWith(".otf"));
+            if (files == null) continue;
+            for (File file : files) {
+                try {
+                    Font font = Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, file);
+                    String name = font.getFontName();
+                    if (fontSet.containsKey(name)) {
+                        String deduped = name;
+                        int n = 1;
+                        while (fontSet.containsKey(deduped)) deduped = name + "_" + n++;
+                        LOGGER.warn("Font name {} (from {}) is already registered; registering this one as {}", name, file.getName(), deduped);
+                        name = deduped;
+                    }
+                    if (ge != null) ge.registerFont(font);
+                    fontSet.put(name, font);
+                    loaded++;
+                    LOGGER.info("Loaded font {} from {}/{}", name, dir.getName(), file.getName());
+                } catch (FontFormatException | IOException e) {
+                    LOGGER.error("Couldn't load font {}", file.getPath(), e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (loaded > 0) LOGGER.info("Loaded {} bundled font(s) from the pack", loaded);
+    }
+
     /**
      Lets you get a FontProvider per char while respecting font priority and fallbacks, the unicode flag, whether
      SGA is on, if we're in a splash screen, if a font can even display a character in the first place, etc.

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/client/rendering/DeferredDrawBatcher.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
 
     @Getter private static boolean active = false;
     private static DeferredBatchTessellator batchTessellator;
+    private static long entryStateKey;
 
     private DeferredDrawBatcher() {}
 
@@ -41,13 +42,14 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
         batchTessellator.clearRanges();
         batchTessellator.setParentTessellator(Tessellator.instance);
         batchTessellator.snapshotDefaultModelview();
+        entryStateKey = captureStateKey();
         TessellatorManager.startCapturingDirect(batchTessellator);
     }
 
     /**
      * Exit deferred mode and flush all captured batches. Groups entries by state key
-     * and vertex format, issues one draw per unique group. Restores the GL state that
-     * was active for the last group so vanilla sees consistent state.
+     * and vertex format, issues one draw per unique group. Restores the bracket's entry
+     * state so the trailing vanilla Tessellator.draw() renders with the layer atlas.
      */
     public static void exitAndFlush() {
         active = false;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
         if (!ranges.isEmpty()) {
             ranges.sort(Comparator.comparingLong(DeferredBatchTessellator.DrawRange::stateKey));
             flushSorted(ranges);
+            applyStateKey(entryStateKey);
         }
 
         TessellatorManager.stopCapturingDirect();
@@ -147,7 +150,8 @@ public class DeferredDrawBatcher {
      * - fog state (mode, color, start/end — constant for the frame)
      */
     static long captureStateKey() {
-        final int textureId = GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(0).getBinding();
+        final int activeUnit = GLStateManager.getActiveTextureUnit();
+        final int textureId = GLStateManager.getTextures().getTextureUnitBindings(activeUnit).getBinding();
         final int srcRgb = GLStateManager.getBlendState().getSrcRgb();
         final int dstRgb = GLStateManager.getBlendState().getDstRgb();
         final boolean blendEnabled = GLStateManager.getBlendMode().isEnabled();

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/compat/ModStatus.java

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat;
 
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import com.falsepattern.endlessids.config.GeneralConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.backhand.BackhandReflectionCompat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.helpers.LoadControllerHelper;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.CubeStatusEvents;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.Loader;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.versioning.DefaultArtifactVersion;
 import mods.battlegear2.Battlegear;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 
 public class ModStatus {
     public static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("ModCompat");
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ public class ModStatus {
     public static boolean isBetterCrashesLoaded;
     public static boolean isNEIDLoaded;
     public static boolean isNEIDMetadataExtended;
+    public static boolean isEIDLoaded;
+    public static boolean isMetadataExtended;
     public static boolean isLotrLoaded;
     public static boolean isChunkAPILoaded;
     public static boolean isEIDBiomeLoaded;
@@ -26,7 +30,9 @@ public class ModStatus {
     public static boolean isBaublesLoaded;
     public static boolean isCosmeticArmorReworkedLoaded;
     public static boolean isFluidLoggedLoaded;
+    public static boolean isCubicChunksLoaded;
     public static boolean isBOPLoaded;
+    public static boolean isEtFuturumLoaded;
 
     public static void preInit() {
         if (Loader.isModLoaded("backhand")) {
@@ -35,9 +41,9 @@ public class ModStatus {
 
         isBetterCrashesLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("bettercrashes");
         isNEIDLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("neid");
+        isEIDLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("endlessids");
         isLotrLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("lotr");
         isChunkAPILoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("chunkapi");
-        isEIDBiomeLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("endlessids_biome");
         isXaerosMinimapLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("XaeroMinimap");
         isHoloInventoryLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("holoinventory");
         isBattlegearLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("battlegear2");
@@ -46,6 +52,8 @@ public class ModStatus {
         isBaublesLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("Baubles");
         isCosmeticArmorReworkedLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("cosmeticarmorreworked");
         isFluidLoggedLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("fluidlogged");
+        isCubicChunksLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("cubicchunks");
+        isEtFuturumLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("etfuturum");
 
         isHoloInventoryLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("holoinventory");
         isBOPLoaded = Loader.isModLoaded("BiomesOPlenty");
@@ -65,5 +73,19 @@ public class ModStatus {
                 isNEIDMetadataExtended = true;
             }
         }
+
+        if (isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            CubeStatusEvents.init();
+        }
+
+        boolean eidBlockItemExtended = false;
+        boolean eidBiomeExtended = false;
+        if (isEIDLoaded) {
+            eidBlockItemExtended = GeneralConfig.extendBlockItem;
+            eidBiomeExtended = GeneralConfig.extendBiome;
+        }
+
+        isEIDBiomeLoaded = eidBiomeExtended || Loader.isModLoaded("endlessids_biome");
+        isMetadataExtended = isNEIDMetadataExtended || eidBlockItemExtended;
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/compat/cubicchunks/CubicChunksAPI.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.cubicchunks;
+
+import net.minecraft.world.World;
+import net.minecraft.world.chunk.storage.ExtendedBlockStorage;
+
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.api.IColumn;
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.api.ICube;
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.world.ICubicWorld;
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.world.cube.Cube;
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.world.cube.ICubeProviderInternal;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang.ChunkSectionPos;
+
+public class CubicChunksAPI {
+
+    public static ExtendedBlockStorage getCubeStorage(World world, int x, int y, int z) {
+        Cube cube = ((ICubeProviderInternal) world.getChunkProvider()).getLoadedCube(x, y, z);
+
+        if (cube == null || cube.isEmpty()) return null;
+
+        return cube.getStorage();
+    }
+
+    public static int[] getLoadedCubeLevelsInColumn(World world, int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
+        IColumn column = (IColumn) world.getChunkFromChunkCoords(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+        return column.getLoadedCubes().stream().mapToInt(ICube::getY).toArray();
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinHeight(World world) {
+        return ((ICubicWorld) world).getMinHeight();
+    }
+
+    public static int getMaxHeight(World world) {
+        return ((ICubicWorld) world).getMaxHeight();
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinSectionY(World world) {
+        return ChunkSectionPos.getSectionCoord(getMinHeight(world));
+    }
+
+    public static int getMaxSectionYExclusive(World world) {
+        return ChunkSectionPos.getSectionCoord(getMaxHeight(world) - 1) + 1;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/compat/etfuturum/EtFuturumCompat.java

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.etfuturum;
+
+import cpw.mods.fml.common.Loader;
+import cpw.mods.fml.relauncher.ReflectionHelper;
+import lombok.Getter;
+import net.minecraft.entity.player.EntityPlayer;
+
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus.LOGGER;
+
+public final class EtFuturumCompat {
+    private static final String IELYTRA_PLAYER = "ganymedes01.etfuturum.api.elytra.IElytraPlayer";
+
+    @Getter
+    private static boolean loaded;
+    private static Class<?> elytraPlayerClass;
+    private static final MethodHandle isElytraFlyingHandle;
+
+    static {
+        MethodHandle handle = null;
+        try {
+            if (Loader.isModLoaded("etfuturum")) {
+                elytraPlayerClass = ReflectionHelper.getClass(EtFuturumCompat.class.getClassLoader(), IELYTRA_PLAYER);
+                handle = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(elytraPlayerClass, "etfu$isElytraFlying",
+                    MethodType.methodType(boolean.class));
+                loaded = true;
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            LOGGER.error("Failed to load Et Futurum Requiem elytra compat", t);
+            loaded = false;
+        }
+        isElytraFlyingHandle = handle;
+    }
+
+    private EtFuturumCompat() {
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isElytraFlying(EntityPlayer player) {
+        if (!loaded || isElytraFlyingHandle == null || !elytraPlayerClass.isInstance(player)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            return (boolean) isElytraFlyingHandle.invoke(player);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/compat/lotr/LOTRCompat.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.lotr;
+
+import net.minecraft.world.WorldProvider;
+
+public final class LOTRCompat {
+
+    private static final Class<?> LOTR_WORLD_PROVIDER_CLASS;
+
+    static {
+        Class<?> clazz = null;
+        try {
+            clazz = Class.forName("lotr.common.world.LOTRWorldProvider", false, LOTRCompat.class.getClassLoader());
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {}
+        LOTR_WORLD_PROVIDER_CLASS = clazz;
+    }
+
+    private LOTRCompat() {}
+
+    public static boolean isLotrProvider(WorldProvider provider) {
+        return LOTR_WORLD_PROVIDER_CLASS != null && LOTR_WORLD_PROVIDER_CLASS.isInstance(provider);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/compat/mojang/ChunkSectionPos.java

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.blockpos.BlockPos;
 import org.joml.Vector3i;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.blockpos.BlockPos;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.util.CoordinatePacker;
+
 // See if we can merge/mixin/extend ChunkPosition maybe?
 public class ChunkSectionPos extends Vector3i {
 
@@ -25,11 +27,8 @@ public class ChunkSectionPos extends Vector3i {
     }
 
     public static long asLong(int x, int y, int z) {
-        long l = 0L;
-        l |= ((long)x & 4194303L) << 42;
-        l |= ((long)y & 1048575L) << 0;
-        l |= ((long)z & 4194303L) << 20;
-        return l;
+        // Use CoordinatePacker so that cubic chunks can change the bit packing layout
+        return CoordinatePacker.pack(x, y, z);
     }
 
     public static int getLocalCoord(int coord) {

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/compat/mojang/CompatMathHelper.java

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang;
 
+import net.minecraft.util.MathHelper;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
+
 public class CompatMathHelper {
     public static int smallestEncompassingPowerOfTwo(int value) {
         int j = value - 1;
@@ -24,4 +28,13 @@ public class CompatMathHelper {
             return k == 0 ? value : value + divisor - k;
         }
     }
+
+    public static int clampHeight(int y) {
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            // no clamping
+            return y;
+        } else {
+            return MathHelper.clamp_int(y, 0, 255);
+        }
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/config/AngelicaConfig.java

@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
 
     @Config.Comment({"Block corners and edges between chunks might have \"cracks\" (various lines/dots) in them.",
             "While using \"Compact Vertex Format\" makes the situation even worse.",
-            "This option fixes it.",
-            "Requires texture reloading (F3 + T) after changing this option to take effect"})
-    @Config.DefaultBoolean(true)
-    public static boolean fixBlockCrack;
+            "This option fixes it, though may lead to other visual artifacts.",
+            "Requires game restart after changing this option to take effect"})
+    @Config.DefaultBoolean(false)
+    public static boolean blockCrackFix;
 
     @Config.Comment({
-            "The \"epsilon\" value for the fixBlockCrack option. ",
+            "The \"epsilon\" value for the blockCrackFix option. ",
             "Set this a bit higher if you can still see lines/dots between solid blocks in dark areas.",
             "May cause intense flickering (z-fighting) between blocks if the value is too high"
     })
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
     @Config.DefaultDouble(0.001)
     public static double blockCrackFixEpsilon;
 
-    @Config.Comment("Block classes that have bugs when rendering with the fixBlockCrack can be put here to avoid manipulating them")
+    @Config.Comment("Block classes that have bugs when rendering with the blockCrackFix can be put here to avoid manipulating them")
     @Config.DefaultStringList({
             "net.minecraft.block.BlockCauldron",
             "net.minecraft.block.BlockStairs"
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
     public static String[] blockCrackFixBlacklist;
 
     @Config.Comment({"Block classes that have render pass other than 0 but still need to be manipulated.",
-                     "Add a block class here if you see flickering (z-fighting) with fixBlockCrack enabled"
+                     "Add a block class here if you see flickering (z-fighting) with blockCrackFix enabled"
     })
     @Config.DefaultStringList({
             "gregtech.common.blocks.BlockOres",
@@ -269,6 +269,13 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
     @Config.DefaultStringList({"jewelrycraft2:blockCrystal"})
     public static String[] alwaysTranslucentSprites;
 
+    @Config.Comment({"TileEntity classnames whose render bounds change at runtime (e.g. OpenBlocks Guide).",
+                     "These are always rendered and frustum-tested against their live bounds instead of the cached."})
+    @Config.DefaultStringList({"openblocks.common.tileentity.TileEntityGuide",
+                               "openblocks.common.tileentity.TileEntityBuilderGuide"})
+    @Config.RequiresMcRestart
+    public static String[] dynamicBoundsTileEntities;
+
     @Config.Comment("Register HardcodedCustomUniforms in Iris Shaders. May help with compatibility in certain shader packs")
     @Config.DefaultBoolean(false)
     public static boolean enableHardcodedCustomUniforms;
@@ -350,4 +357,13 @@ public class AngelicaConfig {
     @Config.RequiresMcRestart
     public static boolean disableErrorChecks;
 
+    @Config.Comment("Fixes various issues with entity overlays, such as z-fighting and eyes.")
+    @Config.DefaultBoolean(true)
+    @Config.RequiresMcRestart
+    public static boolean entityOverlayFixes;
+
+    @Config.Comment("Swap the vanilla damage overlay with one similar to modern. Fixes specific issues with z-fighting.")
+    @Config.DefaultBoolean(true)
+    @Config.RequiresMcRestart
+    public static boolean entityModernDamageOverlay;
 }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/event/ClientEvent.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.event;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.EntityRenderer;
+import net.minecraftforge.eventbus.api.bus.EventBus;
+import net.minecraftforge.eventbus.api.event.MutableEvent;
+
+public class ClientEvent extends MutableEvent {
+    public static final EventBus<ClientEvent> BUS = EventBus.create(ClientEvent.class);
+
+    public final ClientEventType event;
+    public final EntityRenderer renderer;
+    public final float partialTicks;
+
+    private ClientEvent(ClientEventType event) {
+        this.event = event;
+        this.renderer = null;
+        this.partialTicks = 0;
+    }
+
+    private ClientEvent(ClientEventType event, EntityRenderer renderer, float partialTicks) {
+        this.event = event;
+        this.renderer = renderer;
+        this.partialTicks = partialTicks;
+    }
+
+    public static void post(ClientEventType event, EntityRenderer renderer, float partialTicks) {
+        if (!BUS.hasListeners()) return;
+        BUS.post(new ClientEvent(event, renderer, partialTicks));
+    }
+
+    public static void post(ClientEventType event) {
+        if (!BUS.hasListeners()) return;
+        BUS.post(new ClientEvent(event));
+    }
+}
+

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/event/ClientEventType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.event;
+
+public enum ClientEventType {
+    PRE_RENDER_GUI,
+    PRE_RENDER_HUD,
+    POST_RENDER_HUD,
+    ON_TICK,
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/hudcaching/HUDCaching.java

@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.postprocessing.CustomFramebuffer
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.postprocessing.SharedDepthFramebuffer;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vao.IVertexArrayObject;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vao.VertexBufferType;
-import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vbo.IVertexBuffer;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.holoinventory.HoloInventoryReflectionCompat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.event.ClientEvent;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.event.ClientEventType;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.GuiIngameAccessor;
@@ -65,6 +66,8 @@ public class HUDCaching {
     }
 
     public static void renderCachedHud(EntityRenderer renderer, GuiIngame ingame, float partialTicks, boolean hasScreen, int mouseX, int mouseY) {
+        ClientEvent.post(ClientEventType.PRE_RENDER_GUI, renderer, partialTicks);
+        ClientEvent.post(ClientEventType.PRE_RENDER_HUD, renderer, partialTicks);
         if (ModStatus.isXaerosMinimapLoaded && ingame instanceof GuiIngameForge) {
             // this used to be called by asming into renderGameOverlay, but we removed it
             XaeroMinimapCore.beforeIngameGuiRender(partialTicks);
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ public class HUDCaching {
 
         if (!AngelicaConfig.hudCachingActive || mc.displayWidth < 16 || mc.displayHeight < 16) {
             ingame.renderGameOverlay(partialTicks, hasScreen, mouseX, mouseY);
+            ClientEvent.post(ClientEventType.POST_RENDER_HUD, renderer, partialTicks);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -170,6 +174,8 @@ public class HUDCaching {
 
         GLStateManager.tryBlendFuncSeparate(GL11.GL_ONE, GL11.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GL11.GL_ONE, GL11.GL_ZERO);
         mc.getTextureManager().bindTexture(Gui.icons);
+
+        ClientEvent.post(ClientEventType.POST_RENDER_HUD, renderer, partialTicks);
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/loading/AngelicaClientTweaker.java

@@ -120,7 +120,10 @@ public final class AngelicaClientTweaker implements IFMLLoadingPlugin, IEarlyMix
                     "Missing dependency: Angelica requires GTNHLib! Download: https://modrinth.com/mod/gtnhlib"),
                 new DependencyVerifier.Check(
                     "/com/gtnewhorizon/gtnhlib/client/renderer/VertexCallbackManager.class",
-                    "GTNHLib is outdated: Angelica requires GTNHLib 0.10.0 or newer! Download: https://modrinth.com/mod/gtnhlib")
+                    "GTNHLib is outdated: Angelica requires GTNHLib 0.10.0 or newer! Download: https://modrinth.com/mod/gtnhlib"),
+                new DependencyVerifier.Check(
+                    "/it/unimi/dsi/fastutil/objects/ObjectBooleanBiConsumer.class",
+                    "GTNHLib is outdated: Angelica requires GTNHLib 0.11.19 or newer (fastutil 8.5.18+)! Download: https://modrinth.com/mod/gtnhlib")
             ));
         } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
             fatalDependencyError(ex.getMessage());

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/Mixins.java

@@ -47,9 +47,7 @@ public enum Mixins implements IMixins {
             , "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRenderGlobal_DestroyBlock"
             , "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRenderMooshroom_MushroomTint"
             , "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRendererLivingEntity_DeferredEntityOverlay"
-            , "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRendererLivingEntity_OverlayTint"
             , "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRenderWither_ArmorCentering"
-            , "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRendererLivingEntity_EyeDepth"
             , "angelica.debug.MixinMinecraft_FPSCap"
             , "angelica.ffp.MixinTessellator_CoreProfile"
             , "angelica.glsm.MixinSplashProgressCaching"
@@ -60,6 +58,24 @@ public enum Mixins implements IMixins {
         )
     ),
 
+    ANGELICA_ENTITY_OVERLAYS(new MixinBuilder()
+        .setPhase(Phase.EARLY)
+        .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.entityOverlayFixes)
+        .addExcludedMod(TargetedMod.CUSTOM_PLAYER_MODELS)
+        .addClientMixins(
+            "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRendererLivingEntity_EyeDepth"
+        )
+    ),
+
+    ANGELICA_DAMAGE_OVERLAY(new MixinBuilder()
+        .setPhase(Phase.EARLY)
+        .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.entityModernDamageOverlay)
+        .addExcludedMod(TargetedMod.CUSTOM_PLAYER_MODELS)
+        .addClientMixins(
+            "angelica.bugfixes.MixinRendererLivingEntity_OverlayTint"
+        )
+    ),
+
     ANGELICA_VBO_CLOUDS(
         new MixinBuilder()
             .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.enableVBOClouds)
@@ -67,6 +83,13 @@ public enum Mixins implements IMixins {
             .addClientMixins("angelica.vbo.MixinRenderGlobal")
     ),
 
+    ANGELICA_VBO_CLOUDS_FAR_PLANE(
+        new MixinBuilder()
+            .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.enableVBOClouds && !AngelicaConfig.enableNotFineFeatures)
+            .setPhase(Phase.EARLY)
+            .addClientMixins("notfine.clouds.MixinEntityRenderer")
+    ),
+
     ANGELICA_PANORAMA_BLUR(
         new MixinBuilder("Replace main menu panorama with modern equivalent")
             .setPhase(Phase.EARLY)
@@ -117,7 +140,7 @@ public enum Mixins implements IMixins {
                     .setPhase(Phase.EARLY)
                     .addClientMixins("angelica.bugfixes.MixinRenderBlocks_CrackFix")
                     .addExcludedMod(TargetedMod.FALSETWEAKS)
-                    .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.fixBlockCrack)),
+                    .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.blockCrackFix)),
 
     ANGELICA_FIX_FLUID_RENDERER_CHECKING_BLOCK_AGAIN(
         new MixinBuilder("Fix RenderBlockFluid reading the block type from the world access multiple times")
@@ -215,8 +238,7 @@ public enum Mixins implements IMixins {
         .setPhase(Phase.EARLY)
         .setApplyIf(() -> AngelicaConfig.enableCeleritas)
         .addClientMixins(
-              "celeritas.terrain.ChunkTrackerAccessor"
-            , "celeritas.terrain.MixinChunkProviderClient"
+              "celeritas.terrain.MixinChunkProviderClient"
             , "celeritas.terrain.MixinMinecraft_ChunkUpdates"
             , "celeritas.terrain.MixinRenderGlobal"
             , "celeritas.terrain.MixinRenderSectionManager"
@@ -282,6 +304,9 @@ public enum Mixins implements IMixins {
             , "shaders.MixinRenderEndPortal"
             , "shaders.MixinTileEntityRendererDispatcher"
             , "shaders.MixinGlProgram"
+            , "shaders.MixinTextureManager_ReloadCount"
+            , "shaders.AccessorModelBox"
+            , "shaders.MixinModelBiped"
         )
     ),
 

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/TargetedMod.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public enum TargetedMod implements ITargetMod {
     TINKERS_CONSTRUCT(null, "TConstruct"),
     TWILIGHT_FOREST(null, "TwilightForest"),
     BIOMES_O_PLENTY(null, "BiomesOPlenty"),
+    CUSTOM_PLAYER_MODELS("com.tom.cpmcore.CPMLoadingPlugin", "customplayermodels"),
     WITCHERY(null, "witchery");
 
     private final TargetModBuilder builder;

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/interfaces/ChunkTrackerAccessor.java

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces;
-
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongSet;
-
-public interface ChunkTrackerAccessor {
-    Long2IntOpenHashMap angelica$getChunkStatus();
-    LongOpenHashSet angelica$getChunkReady();
-    LongSet angelica$getUnloadQueue();
-    LongSet angelica$getLoadQueue();
-}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/interfaces/ClippingHelperExt.java

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces;
 
 import org.joml.FrustumIntersection;
+import org.joml.Matrix4fc;
 
 public interface ClippingHelperExt {
     FrustumIntersection celeritas$getFrustumIntersection();
     void celeritas$updateFrustumIntersection();
+
+    Matrix4fc celeritas$getCombinedMatrix();
 }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/interfaces/IChunkTileEntityMapHolder.java

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.utils.ConcurrentTileEntityMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
+import net.minecraft.world.ChunkPosition;
 
 public interface IChunkTileEntityMapHolder {
     ConcurrentTileEntityMap angelica$getConcurrentTEMap();

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/mixins/interfaces/ITileEntityBoundingBoxCache.java

@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ import net.minecraft.util.AxisAlignedBB;
 public interface ITileEntityBoundingBoxCache {
     AxisAlignedBB angelica$getCachedRenderBoundingBox();
 
-    boolean angelica$isInfiniteExtent();
+    byte angelica$boundsClass();
 }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/ClientProxy.java

@@ -1,5 +1,35 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.proxy;
 
+import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.AngelicaMod.MOD_ID;
+
+import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import net.minecraft.block.Block;
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
+import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiMainMenu;
+import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiScreen;
+import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiVideoSettings;
+import net.minecraft.client.network.NetHandlerPlayClient;
+import net.minecraft.server.integrated.IntegratedServer;
+import net.minecraft.util.Direction;
+import net.minecraft.util.MathHelper;
+import net.minecraft.util.MovingObjectPosition;
+import net.minecraft.world.EnumSkyBlock;
+import net.minecraft.world.chunk.Chunk;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.ClientCommandHandler;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.event.EntityViewRenderEvent;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.event.FOVUpdateEvent;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.event.GuiOpenEvent;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.event.GuiScreenEvent;
+import net.minecraftforge.client.event.RenderGameOverlayEvent;
+import net.minecraftforge.common.MinecraftForge;
+import net.minecraftforge.event.world.WorldEvent;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
 import biomesoplenty.api.content.BOPCBlocks;
 import com.google.common.base.Objects;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.model.loading.ModelRegistry;
@@ -8,7 +38,9 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.commands.AngelicaCommand;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.BlockError;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.bettercrashes.BetterCrashesCompat;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang.CompatMathHelper;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.CompatConfig;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.ConfigMigrator;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.debug.F3Direction;
@@ -52,34 +84,6 @@ import me.jellysquid.mods.sodium.client.gui.SodiumGameOptions;
 import me.jellysquid.mods.sodium.client.gui.SodiumOptionsGUI;
 import net.coderbot.iris.Iris;
 import net.coderbot.iris.client.IrisDebugScreenHandler;
-import net.minecraft.block.Block;
-import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
-import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiMainMenu;
-import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiScreen;
-import net.minecraft.client.gui.GuiVideoSettings;
-import net.minecraft.client.network.NetHandlerPlayClient;
-import net.minecraft.server.integrated.IntegratedServer;
-import net.minecraft.util.Direction;
-import net.minecraft.util.MathHelper;
-import net.minecraft.util.MovingObjectPosition;
-import net.minecraft.world.EnumSkyBlock;
-import net.minecraft.world.chunk.Chunk;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.ClientCommandHandler;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.EntityViewRenderEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.FOVUpdateEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.GuiOpenEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.GuiScreenEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.RenderGameOverlayEvent;
-import net.minecraftforge.common.MinecraftForge;
-import net.minecraftforge.event.world.WorldEvent;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-
-import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
-
-import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.AngelicaMod.MOD_ID;
 
 public final class ClientProxy extends CommonProxy {
 
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ public final class ClientProxy extends CommonProxy {
     @Override
     public void preInit(FMLPreInitializationEvent event) {
         ModStatus.preInit();
+        for (String name : AngelicaConfig.dynamicBoundsTileEntities) TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.registerDynamicClass(name);
         super.preInit(event);
         FMLCommonHandler.instance().bus().register(this);
         MinecraftForge.EVENT_BUS.register(this);
@@ -291,10 +296,10 @@ public final class ClientProxy extends CommonProxy {
                     event.left.set(i + 4, String.format(
                         "lc: %d b: %s bl: %d sl: %d rl: %d",
                         chunk.getTopFilledSegment() + 15,
-                        chunk.getBiomeGenForWorldCoords(bX & 15, bZ & 15, mc.theWorld.getWorldChunkManager()).biomeName,
-                        chunk.getSavedLightValue(EnumSkyBlock.Block, bX & 15, MathHelper.clamp_int(bY, 0, 255), bZ & 15),
-                        chunk.getSavedLightValue(EnumSkyBlock.Sky, bX & 15, MathHelper.clamp_int(bY, 0, 255), bZ & 15),
-                        chunk.getBlockLightValue(bX & 15, MathHelper.clamp_int(bY, 0, 255), bZ & 15, 0)));
+                        this.mc.theWorld.getBiomeGenForCoords(bX & 15, bZ & 15).biomeName,
+                        chunk.getSavedLightValue(EnumSkyBlock.Block, bX & 15, CompatMathHelper.clampHeight(bY), bZ & 15),
+                        chunk.getSavedLightValue(EnumSkyBlock.Sky, bX & 15, CompatMathHelper.clampHeight(bY), bZ & 15),
+                        chunk.getBlockLightValue(bX & 15, CompatMathHelper.clampHeight(bY), bZ & 15, 0)));
                 }
             }
             // Draw a frametime graph

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/render/CloudRenderer.java

@@ -26,8 +26,12 @@ import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vao.IVertexArrayObject;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vao.VertexBufferType;
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.FogState;
 import jss.notfine.core.Settings;
 import jss.notfine.gui.options.named.GraphicsQualityOff;
+import net.coderbot.iris.Iris;
+import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.WorldRenderingPipeline;
+import net.coderbot.iris.shaderpack.CloudSetting;
 import net.irisshaders.iris.api.v0.IrisApi;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.EntityRenderer;
@@ -45,6 +49,7 @@ import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.gl.shader.ShaderType;
 import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.shader.ShaderLoader;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 import org.joml.Matrix4fStack;
+import org.joml.Vector3d;
 import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12;
@@ -76,6 +81,8 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
 
     private static final float SCROLL_SPEED = 1.0f / 256.0f;
     private static final float EDGE_OVERLAP = 0.0001f;
+    private static final float INTERIOR_INSET = EDGE_OVERLAP * 8.0f;
+    private static final float MAX_FAR_PLANE_DISTANCE = 65536.0f;
 
     private static final boolean BIG_ENDIAN = ByteOrder.nativeOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN;
 
@@ -103,11 +110,13 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
     private int anchorCellX = Integer.MIN_VALUE, anchorCellZ = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
     private int anchorMarginCells = 0;
     private int cachedEdgesGeneration = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
-    private boolean cachedEmitTopFace, cachedEmitBottomFace, cachedCameraInsideCloud;
+    private boolean cachedEmitTopFace, cachedEmitBottomFace;
     private int cachedRenderRadius = -1;
     private float cachedCloudInteriorHeight = Float.NaN;
+    private boolean geomBuilt;
 
     private int cloudMode = -1, renderDistance = -1, cloudElevation = -1, scaleMult = -1;
+    private boolean enabled;
 
     private ByteBuffer emitBuffer;
     private long emitBufferAddr;
@@ -136,6 +145,7 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
 
     private GlProgram<CloudUniforms> program;
     private final Matrix4f mvpScratch = new Matrix4f();
+    private final Matrix4f mvScratch = new Matrix4f();
 
     public CloudRenderer() {
         ((IReloadableResourceManager) mc.getResourceManager()).registerReloadListener(this);
@@ -160,10 +170,13 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
         final GraphicsQualityOff cloudGraphicsQuality = (GraphicsQualityOff) Settings.MODE_CLOUDS.option.getStore();
         final int cloudQualitySetting = cloudGraphicsQuality == GraphicsQualityOff.FANCY
             || cloudGraphicsQuality == GraphicsQualityOff.DEFAULT && mc.gameSettings.fancyGraphics ? 2 : 1;
+        final float dimCloudHeight = mc.theWorld == null ? 128.0f : mc.theWorld.provider.getCloudHeight();
+        final boolean finiteCloudHeight = Float.isFinite(dimCloudHeight);
         final boolean newEnabled = cloudGraphicsQuality != GraphicsQualityOff.OFF
             && mc.gameSettings.shouldRenderClouds()
             && mc.theWorld != null
-            && mc.theWorld.provider.isSurfaceWorld();
+            && mc.theWorld.provider.isSurfaceWorld()
+            && finiteCloudHeight;
         final int targetDistance = Math.max(mc.gameSettings.renderDistanceChunks, (int) Settings.RENDER_DISTANCE_CLOUDS.option.getStore());
         final int cloudScaleMult = (int) Settings.CLOUD_SCALE.option.getStore();
 
@@ -174,11 +187,12 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
             invalidateGeometry();
         }
 
+        enabled = newEnabled;
         cloudMode = cloudQualitySetting;
         renderDistance = targetDistance;
         scaleMult = cloudScaleMult;
 
-        cloudElevation = mc.theWorld == null ? 128 : (int) mc.theWorld.provider.getCloudHeight();
+        cloudElevation = finiteCloudHeight ? (int) dimCloudHeight : 128;
         // Allows the setting to work with RFG and similar without hardcoding.
         // The minimum height check is so stuff like Aether cloud height doesn't get messed up.
         if (cloudElevation >= 96) {
@@ -186,6 +200,26 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Far-plane distance needed so none of the cloud geometry gets clipped.
+     */
+    public float getRequiredFarPlaneDistance() {
+        if (!enabled || scaleMult <= 0 || renderDistance <= 0) return 0.0f;
+        if (mc.theWorld == null) return 0.0f;
+        final float cloudInteriorWidth = 12.0f * scaleMult;
+        final int renderRadius = (int) Math.ceil(renderDistance * 64.0f / (CELLS_PER_CHUNK * cloudInteriorWidth));
+        final int marginCells = Math.max(CELLS_PER_CHUNK, renderRadius * CELLS_PER_CHUNK / 4);
+        final int marginChunks = (marginCells + CELLS_PER_CHUNK - 1) / CELLS_PER_CHUNK;
+        float radiusBlocks = (renderRadius + marginChunks) * CELLS_PER_CHUNK * cloudInteriorWidth;
+        if (cloudMode != 2) radiusBlocks *= (float) Math.sqrt(2);
+        float verticalSlack = cloudElevation;
+        final Entity view = mc.renderViewEntity;
+        if (view != null) {
+            verticalSlack = Math.abs(cloudElevation + 0.33f - (float) view.posY) + 4.0f * scaleMult;
+        }
+        return Math.min(radiusBlocks + verticalSlack, MAX_FAR_PLANE_DISTANCE);
+    }
+
     private void invalidateGeometry() {
         anchorCellX = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
         anchorCellZ = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
@@ -193,6 +227,7 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
         cachedEdgesGeneration = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
         cachedCloudInteriorHeight = Float.NaN;
         cachedVertexCount = 0;
+        geomBuilt = false;
     }
 
     private void initProgram() {
@@ -215,23 +250,30 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
         program.unbind();
     }
 
-    private void uploadFogUniforms(float partialTicks, int renderRadius, float cloudInteriorWidth) {
+    private void uploadFogUniforms() {
         final CloudUniforms u = program.getInterface();
         final boolean fogEnabled = GLStateManager.getFogMode().isEnabled();
         u.setFogEnabled(fogEnabled);
-        if (fogEnabled) {
-            final float start = renderDistance * 16.0f;
-            final float end = renderRadius * CELLS_PER_CHUNK * cloudInteriorWidth;
-            final float range = end - start;
-            u.setFogParams(range != 0.0f ? -1.0f / range : 0.0f, range != 0.0f ? end / range : 1.0f);
-            final Vec3 sky = mc.theWorld.getSkyColor(mc.renderViewEntity, partialTicks);
-            u.setFogColor((float) sky.xCoord, (float) sky.yCoord, (float) sky.zCoord);
+        if (!fogEnabled) return;
+        final FogState fog = GLStateManager.getFogState();
+        final Vector3d color = fog.getFogColor();
+        u.setFogColor((float) color.x, (float) color.y, (float) color.z);
+        switch (fog.getFogMode()) {
+            case GL11.GL_LINEAR -> {
+                final float range = fog.getEnd() - fog.getStart();
+                u.setFogParams(range != 0.0f ? -1.0f / range : 0.0f, range != 0.0f ? fog.getEnd() / range : 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+            }
+            case GL11.GL_EXP -> u.setFogParams(0.0f, 0.0f, fog.getDensity(), 1.0f);
+            default -> u.setFogParams(0.0f, 0.0f, fog.getDensity(), 2.0f);
         }
     }
 
     public boolean render(int cloudTicks, float partialTicks) {
         if (mc.theWorld == null || mc.renderViewEntity == null) return false;
-        if (cloudMode != 2 || scaleMult <= 0) return false;
+        if (!enabled || scaleMult <= 0) return false;
+
+        final WorldRenderingPipeline pipeline = Iris.getPipelineManager().getPipelineNullable();
+        if (pipeline != null && pipeline.getCloudSetting() == CloudSetting.OFF) return false;
 
         boolean textureSetupDone = false;
         if (edges == null) {
@@ -266,41 +308,45 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
 
         final boolean emitTopFace = cameraRelativeY + cloudInteriorHeight >= 0.0F;
         final boolean emitBottomFace = cameraRelativeY <= 0.0F;
-        final boolean cameraInsideY = cameraRelativeY <= 0.0F && cameraRelativeY + cloudInteriorHeight >= 0.0F;
-        final boolean cameraInsideCloud = cameraInsideY && edges.cellOpaque(anchorX, anchorZ);
 
         final int renderRadius = (int) Math.ceil(renderDistance * 64.0f / (CELLS_PER_CHUNK * cloudInteriorWidth));
 
-        final boolean anchorInRange = vao != null
-            && Math.abs(anchorX - anchorCellX) <= anchorMarginCells
-            && Math.abs(anchorZ - anchorCellZ) <= anchorMarginCells;
+        final boolean insideBand = cloudMode == 2 && emitTopFace && emitBottomFace;
+        final boolean anchorInRange = geomBuilt
+            && (insideBand
+                ? anchorX == anchorCellX && anchorZ == anchorCellZ
+                : Math.abs(anchorX - anchorCellX) <= anchorMarginCells
+                    && Math.abs(anchorZ - anchorCellZ) <= anchorMarginCells);
         final boolean geomCacheValid = anchorInRange
             && cachedEdgesGeneration == edgesGeneration
             && cachedEmitTopFace == emitTopFace
             && cachedEmitBottomFace == emitBottomFace
-            && cachedCameraInsideCloud == cameraInsideCloud
             && cachedRenderRadius == renderRadius
             && cachedCloudInteriorHeight == cloudInteriorHeight;
 
         if (!geomCacheValid) {
-            final int marginCells = cameraInsideCloud ? 0 : Math.max(CELLS_PER_CHUNK, renderRadius * CELLS_PER_CHUNK / 4);
-            rebuildGeometry(anchorX, anchorZ, renderRadius, cloudInteriorHeight, emitTopFace, emitBottomFace, cameraInsideCloud, marginCells);
+            final int marginCells = Math.max(CELLS_PER_CHUNK, renderRadius * CELLS_PER_CHUNK / 4);
+            rebuildGeometry(anchorX, anchorZ, renderRadius, cloudInteriorHeight, emitTopFace, emitBottomFace, marginCells);
             anchorCellX = anchorX;
             anchorCellZ = anchorZ;
             anchorMarginCells = marginCells;
             cachedEdgesGeneration = edgesGeneration;
             cachedEmitTopFace = emitTopFace;
             cachedEmitBottomFace = emitBottomFace;
-            cachedCameraInsideCloud = cameraInsideCloud;
             cachedRenderRadius = renderRadius;
             cachedCloudInteriorHeight = cloudInteriorHeight;
+            geomBuilt = true;
         }
 
         if (vao == null || cachedVertexCount == 0) return true;
 
         GLStateManager.glActiveTexture(GL13.GL_TEXTURE0);
-        mc.renderEngine.bindTexture(texture);
-        if (!textureSetupDone) setupCloudTexture();
+        if (cloudTexId != -1 && !textureSetupDone) {
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, cloudTexId);
+        } else {
+            mc.renderEngine.bindTexture(texture);
+            if (!textureSetupDone) setupCloudTexture();
+        }
 
         final Vec3 color = mc.theWorld.getCloudColour(partialTicks);
         float r = (float) color.xCoord;
@@ -337,10 +383,12 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
             mv.pushMatrix();
             mv.scale(cloudInteriorWidth, 1.0f, cloudInteriorWidth);
             mv.translate(-(cameraRelativeX + anchorDriftX), cameraRelativeY, -(cameraRelativeZ + anchorDriftZ));
+            mvScratch.set(mv);
             GLStateManager.getProjectionMatrix().mul(mv, mvpScratch);
             mv.popMatrix();
             u.mvp.set(mvpScratch);
-            uploadFogUniforms(partialTicks, renderRadius, cloudInteriorWidth);
+            u.mv.set(mvScratch);
+            uploadFogUniforms();
 
             drawAllFactors(r, g, b, false);
             program.unbind();
@@ -362,15 +410,13 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
     private void drawAllFactors(float r, float g, float b, boolean shadersActive) {
         vao.bind();
         GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, eboId);
+        GLStateManager.disableCull();
 
         GLStateManager.disableBlend();
         GLStateManager.glDepthMask(true);
         GLStateManager.glColorMask(false, false, false, false);
-        // Depth prepass: alpha must match color pass so discard threshold writes same depth coverage.
         if (shadersActive) {
             GLStateManager.glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, CloudUniforms.ALPHA);
-        } else {
-            program.getInterface().setColorMult(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
         }
         final int totalQuads = cachedVertexCount / 4;
         GLStateManager.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, totalQuads * 6, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0L);
@@ -403,25 +449,32 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
         }
 
         vao.unbind();
+        GLStateManager.enableCull();
         GLStateManager.glDepthMask(true);
         GLStateManager.glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
         GLStateManager.disableBlend();
     }
 
-    private void rebuildGeometry(int anchorX, int anchorZ, int renderRadius, float cloudInteriorHeight, boolean emitTopFace, boolean emitBottomFace, boolean cameraInsideCloud, int marginCells) {
+    private void rebuildGeometry(int anchorX, int anchorZ, int renderRadius, float cloudInteriorHeight, boolean emitTopFace, boolean emitBottomFace, int marginCells) {
         prepareEmitBuffer();
 
         final int marginChunks = (marginCells + CELLS_PER_CHUNK - 1) / CELLS_PER_CHUNK;
-        final int chunkRange = cameraInsideCloud ? 0 : (renderRadius + marginChunks);
-        final int outerLo = cameraInsideCloud ? -1 : -chunkRange;
-        final int outerHi = cameraInsideCloud ? 0 : chunkRange;
+        final int chunkRange = renderRadius + marginChunks;
+        final int outerLo = -chunkRange;
+        final int outerHi = chunkRange;
 
-        final int radiusCellsWithMargin = cameraInsideCloud ? CELLS_PER_CHUNK : (chunkRange * CELLS_PER_CHUNK);
+        final int radiusCellsWithMargin = chunkRange * CELLS_PER_CHUNK;
         final int radiusCellsSq = radiusCellsWithMargin * radiusCellsWithMargin;
 
         final float scrollX = anchorX * SCROLL_SPEED;
         final float scrollZ = anchorZ * SCROLL_SPEED;
 
+        if (cloudMode != 2) {
+            emitFastLayer(chunkRange * CELLS_PER_CHUNK, scrollX, scrollZ);
+            finishGeometry();
+            return;
+        }
+
         final int rows = (outerHi - outerLo + 1) * CELLS_PER_CHUNK;
         final int lpr = (rows + 63) >>> 6;
         final int minX = outerLo * CELLS_PER_CHUNK;
@@ -446,7 +499,7 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
 
         for (int chunkX = outerLo; chunkX <= outerHi; chunkX++) {
             for (int chunkZ = outerLo; chunkZ <= outerHi; chunkZ++) {
-                emitChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, anchorX, anchorZ, radiusCellsSq, cameraInsideCloud, emitTopFace, emitBottomFace, y1, ye, scrollX, scrollZ);
+                emitChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, anchorX, anchorZ, radiusCellsSq, emitTopFace, emitBottomFace, y1, ye, scrollX, scrollZ);
             }
         }
 
@@ -454,6 +507,53 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
             emitTopBottomGlobalGreedy(emitTopFace, emitBottomFace, ye, scrollX, scrollZ);
         }
 
+        if (emitTopFace && emitBottomFace) {
+            emitInteriorFaces(anchorX, anchorZ, y1, scrollX, scrollZ);
+        }
+
+        finishGeometry();
+    }
+
+    private void emitInteriorFaces(int anchorX, int anchorZ, double y1, float scrollX, float scrollZ) {
+        for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; dz++) {
+            for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++) {
+                if (!edges.cellOpaque(anchorX + dx, anchorZ + dz)) continue;
+                final double x0 = dx + INTERIOR_INSET;
+                final double x1 = dx + 1 - INTERIOR_INSET;
+                final double z0 = dz + INTERIOR_INSET;
+                final double z1 = dz + 1 - INTERIOR_INSET;
+                final double yb = INTERIOR_INSET;
+                final double yt = y1 - INTERIOR_INSET;
+                final float uL = dx * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
+                final float uR = (dx + 1) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
+                final float uC = (dx + 0.5F) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
+                final float vN = dz * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
+                final float vS = (dz + 1) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
+                final float vC = (dz + 0.5F) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
+
+                ensureEmitCapacity(6 * QUAD_BYTES);
+                emitCloudQuad(x0, yb, z1, uL, vS, x1, yb, z1, uR, vS, x1, yb, z0, uR, vN, x0, yb, z0, uL, vN, F_TOP, N_POS_Y);
+                emitCloudQuad(x0, yt, z0, uL, vN, x1, yt, z0, uR, vN, x1, yt, z1, uR, vS, x0, yt, z1, uL, vS, F_BOTTOM, N_NEG_Y);
+                emitCloudQuad(x0, yb, z0, uC, vN, x0, yt, z0, uC, vN, x0, yt, z1, uC, vS, x0, yb, z1, uC, vS, F_X, N_POS_X);
+                emitCloudQuad(x1, yb, z1, uC, vS, x1, yt, z1, uC, vS, x1, yt, z0, uC, vN, x1, yb, z0, uC, vN, F_X, N_NEG_X);
+                emitCloudQuad(x0, yb, z0, uL, vC, x1, yb, z0, uR, vC, x1, yt, z0, uR, vC, x0, yt, z0, uL, vC, F_Z, N_POS_Z);
+                emitCloudQuad(x0, yt, z1, uL, vC, x1, yt, z1, uR, vC, x1, yb, z1, uR, vC, x0, yb, z1, uL, vC, F_Z, N_NEG_Z);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void emitFastLayer(int radiusCells, float scrollX, float scrollZ) {
+        final double r0 = -radiusCells;
+        final double r1 = radiusCells;
+        final float u0 = -radiusCells * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
+        final float u1 = radiusCells * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
+        final float v0 = -radiusCells * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
+        final float v1 = radiusCells * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
+        ensureEmitCapacity(QUAD_BYTES);
+        emitCloudQuad(r0, 0.0, r0, u0, v0, r1, 0.0, r0, u1, v0, r1, 0.0, r1, u1, v1, r0, 0.0, r1, u0, v1, F_BOTTOM, N_POS_Y);
+    }
+
+    private void finishGeometry() {
         final int totalBytes = (int) (writeAddr - emitBufferAddr);
         final int vertexCount = totalBytes / VERTEX_STRIDE;
         if (vertexCount == 0) {
@@ -514,7 +614,7 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
         }
     }
 
-    private void emitChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, int anchorX, int anchorZ, int radiusCellsSq, boolean cameraInsideCloud, boolean emitTopFace, boolean emitBottomFace, double y1, double ye, float scrollX, float scrollZ) {
+    private void emitChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, int anchorX, int anchorZ, int radiusCellsSq, boolean emitTopFace, boolean emitBottomFace, double y1, double ye, float scrollX, float scrollZ) {
         final float chunkOffsetX = chunkX * (float) CELLS_PER_CHUNK;
         final float chunkOffsetZ = chunkZ * (float) CELLS_PER_CHUNK;
         final int baseU = chunkX * CELLS_PER_CHUNK + anchorX;
@@ -534,43 +634,11 @@ public class CloudRenderer implements IResourceManagerReloadListener {
                 final int relX = chunkX * CELLS_PER_CHUNK + k;
                 final int relZ = chunkZ * CELLS_PER_CHUNK + j;
                 if (relX * relX + relZ * relZ > radiusCellsSq) continue;
-                if (cameraInsideCloud && (Math.abs(relX) > 1 || Math.abs(relZ) > 1)) continue;
                 emittableBits |= 1L << (j * CELLS_PER_CHUNK + k);
             }
         }
         if (emittableBits == 0L) return;
 
-        if (cameraInsideCloud) {
-            long bits = emittableBits;
-            while (bits != 0L) {
-                final int bit = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(bits);
-                bits &= bits - 1;
-                final int k = bit & 7;
-                final int j = bit >>> 3;
-                final double x0 = chunkOffsetX + k;
-                final double x1 = chunkOffsetX + k + 1;
-                final double z0 = chunkOffsetZ + j;
-                final double z1 = chunkOffsetZ + j + 1;
-                final double xe = x1 - EDGE_OVERLAP;
-                final double zs = z1 - EDGE_OVERLAP;
-                final float uC = (chunkOffsetX + k + 0.5F) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
-                final float vC = (chunkOffsetZ + j + 0.5F) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
-                final float uL = (chunkOffsetX + k) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
-                final float uR = (chunkOffsetX + k + 1) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollX;
-                final float vN = (chunkOffsetZ + j) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
-                final float vS = (chunkOffsetZ + j + 1) * SCROLL_SPEED + scrollZ;
-
-                ensureEmitCapacity(6 * QUAD_BYTES);
-                emitCloudQuad(x0, 0.0, z1, uL, vS, x1, 0.0, z1, uR, vS, x1, 0.0, z0, uR, vN, x0, 0.0, z0, uL, vN, F_TOP, N_POS_Y);
-                emitCloudQuad(x0, ye, z0, uL, vN, x1, ye, z0, uR, vN, x1, ye, z1, uR, vS, x0, ye, z1, uL, vS, F_BOTTOM, N_NEG_Y);
-                emitCloudQuad(x0, 0.0, z0, uC, vN, x0, y1, z0, uC, vN, x0, y1, z1, uC, vS, x0, 0.0, z1, uC, vS, F_X, N_POS_X);
-                emitCloudQuad(xe, 0.0, z1, uC, vS, xe, y1, z1, uC, vS, xe, y1, z0, uC, vN, xe, 0.0, z0, uC, vN, F_X, N_NEG_X);
-                emitCloudQuad(x0, 0.0, z0, uL, vC, x1, 0.0, z0, uR, vC, x1, y1, z0, uR, vC, x0, y1, z0, uL, vC, F_Z, N_POS_Z);
-                emitCloudQuad(x0, y1, zs, uL, vC, x1, y1, zs, uR, vC, x1, 0.0, zs, uR, vC, x0, 0.0, zs, uL, vC, F_Z, N_NEG_Z);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
         if (emitTopFace || emitBottomFace) {
             final int globalColStart = chunkX * CELLS_PER_CHUNK - gridMinX;
             final int globalRowStart = chunkZ * CELLS_PER_CHUNK - gridMinZ;

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/render/CloudUniforms.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ final class CloudUniforms {
     static final float ALPHA = 0.8f;
 
     final GlUniformMatrix4f mvp;
+    final GlUniformMatrix4f mv;
     final GlUniformFloat4v colorMult;
     final GlUniformFloat4v fogParams;
     final GlUniformFloat4v fogColor;
@@ -18,11 +19,12 @@ final class CloudUniforms {
     private int lastFogEnabled = -1;
     private float lastFogR = Float.NaN, lastFogG = Float.NaN, lastFogB = Float.NaN;
     private float lastColorR = Float.NaN, lastColorG = Float.NaN, lastColorB = Float.NaN;
-    private float lastFogParamX = Float.NaN, lastFogParamY = Float.NaN;
+    private float lastFogParamX = Float.NaN, lastFogParamY = Float.NaN, lastFogParamZ = Float.NaN, lastFogParamW = Float.NaN;
     private final float[] uploadBuf = new float[4];
 
     CloudUniforms(ShaderBindingContext ctx) {
         mvp = ctx.bindUniform("u_MVPMatrix", GlUniformMatrix4f::new);
+        mv = ctx.bindUniform("u_MVMatrix", GlUniformMatrix4f::new);
         colorMult = ctx.bindUniform("u_ColorMult", GlUniformFloat4v::new);
         fogParams = ctx.bindUniform("u_FogParams", GlUniformFloat4v::new);
         fogColor = ctx.bindUniform("u_FogColor", GlUniformFloat4v::new);
@@ -51,14 +53,16 @@ final class CloudUniforms {
         }
     }
 
-    void setFogParams(float x, float y) {
-        if (x != lastFogParamX || y != lastFogParamY) {
+    void setFogParams(float x, float y, float z, float w) {
+        if (x != lastFogParamX || y != lastFogParamY || z != lastFogParamZ || w != lastFogParamW) {
             lastFogParamX = x;
             lastFogParamY = y;
+            lastFogParamZ = z;
+            lastFogParamW = w;
             uploadBuf[0] = x;
             uploadBuf[1] = y;
-            uploadBuf[2] = 0f;
-            uploadBuf[3] = 0f;
+            uploadBuf[2] = z;
+            uploadBuf[3] = w;
             fogParams.set(uploadBuf);
         }
     }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/AngelicaRenderQueue.java

@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
 import java.util.function.BooleanSupplier;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+
 public class AngelicaRenderQueue {
-    private static final Thread MAIN_THREAD = Thread.currentThread();
     private static final Queue<Runnable> TASKS = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
 
     // Metrics
@@ -33,11 +34,11 @@ public class AngelicaRenderQueue {
     }
 
     private static final Executor EXECUTOR = (runnable) -> {
-        if(Thread.currentThread() == MAIN_THREAD) {
+        if(GLStateManager.isMainThread()) {
             runnable.run();
         } else {
             TASKS.add(runnable);
-            LockSupport.unpark(MAIN_THREAD);
+            LockSupport.unpark(GLStateManager.getMainThread());
         }
     };
 
@@ -45,6 +46,11 @@ public class AngelicaRenderQueue {
         return EXECUTOR;
     }
 
+    public static void submit(Runnable runnable) {
+        TASKS.add(runnable);
+        LockSupport.unpark(GLStateManager.getMainThread());
+    }
+
     public static int processTasks(int max) {
         int tasksRun = 0;
         while(tasksRun < max) {

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/PlayerReflectionCapture.java

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.DefaultVertexFormat;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFlags;
+import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormat;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.QuadConverter;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ColorMask;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfo;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
+import lombok.Getter;
+import net.coderbot.iris.gl.image.GlImage;
+import net.minecraft.client.model.ModelBiped;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.entity.Render;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.entity.RenderManager;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.entity.RendererLivingEntity;
+import net.minecraft.entity.player.EntityPlayer;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memAddress0;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memAlloc;
+import static com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.bytebuf.MemoryUtilities.memFree;
+
+/**
+ * Skins in 1.7.10 are 64x32 while modern has 64x64 textures. We have to address it here.
+ */
+public final class PlayerReflectionCapture {
+
+    public static final int VERTEX_COUNT = 288;
+    public static final int FLOATS_PER_VERTEX = 5; // x, y, z, u, v
+
+    private static final int RAW_INTS_PER_VERTEX = 8;
+
+    private static final int VERTEX_FLAGS = VertexFlags.convertToFlags(true, false, true, false);
+
+    private static boolean active;
+    private static boolean drawnThisCapture;
+    @Getter
+    private static Object target;
+
+    @Getter
+    private static EntityPlayer targetEntity;
+
+    private static int vbo;
+    private static int vao;
+
+    private static int[] rawData;
+    private static float[] vertexScratch;
+    private static int skin64Tex;
+    private static ByteBuffer skinPixels;
+    private static int lastCapturedSkin;
+    private static int lastUploadedAtlas;
+    private static int skinCopyWidth = 64;
+    private static int skinCopyHeight = 32;
+    private static ByteBuffer repackBuffer;
+    private static long repackAddress;
+    private static int repackCapacity;
+
+    private PlayerReflectionCapture() {}
+
+    public static void begin(EntityPlayer player) {
+        active = false;
+        drawnThisCapture = false;
+        target = null;
+        targetEntity = null;
+        if (player == null) return;
+
+        final Render render = RenderManager.instance.getEntityRenderObject(player);
+        if (render instanceof RendererLivingEntity living && living.mainModel instanceof ModelBiped model) {
+            target = model;
+            targetEntity = player;
+            active = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void end() {
+        active = false;
+        target = null;
+        targetEntity = null;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean shouldCapture() {
+        return active && !drawnThisCapture;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Emit the 288-vertex player batch VBO.
+     */
+    public static void drawPlayerCapture(float[] xyzuv) {
+        if (drawnThisCapture) return;
+        drawnThisCapture = true;
+        if (xyzuv == null || xyzuv.length < VERTEX_COUNT * FLOATS_PER_VERTEX) return;
+
+        // Build the Tessellator layout
+        if (rawData == null) rawData = new int[VERTEX_COUNT * RAW_INTS_PER_VERTEX];
+        final int[] raw = rawData;
+        for (int i = 0; i < VERTEX_COUNT; i++) {
+            final int s = i * FLOATS_PER_VERTEX;
+            final int d = i * RAW_INTS_PER_VERTEX;
+            raw[d]     = Float.floatToRawIntBits(xyzuv[s]);
+            raw[d + 1] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(xyzuv[s + 1]);
+            raw[d + 2] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(xyzuv[s + 2]);
+            raw[d + 3] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(xyzuv[s + 3]);
+            raw[d + 4] = Float.floatToRawIntBits(xyzuv[s + 4]);
+            raw[d + 5] = 0xFFFFFFFF;   // color
+            raw[d + 6] = 0x00008000;   // normal
+            raw[d + 7] = 0x00F000F0;   // light
+        }
+
+        // Pack into our own native buffer using the player model's vertex format
+        final VertexFormat format = DefaultVertexFormat.ALL_FORMATS[VERTEX_FLAGS];
+        ensureRepackCapacity(VERTEX_COUNT * format.getVertexSize());
+
+        final long writePtr = format.writeToBuffer0(repackAddress, raw, VERTEX_COUNT * RAW_INTS_PER_VERTEX);
+        repackBuffer.position(0);
+        repackBuffer.limit((int) (writePtr - repackAddress));
+
+        // Upload to our dedicated VBO at offset 0
+        ensureVAO(format);
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+        GLStateManager.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, repackBuffer, GL15.GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+
+        // Bind a 64x64 copy of the skin as `tex`
+        final int activeSkin = GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState();
+        final boolean haveSkin = activeSkin != 0 && activeSkin != skin64Tex;
+        if (haveSkin) {
+            ensureSkin64Texture();
+
+            final GlImage atlas = GlImage.BY_NAME.get("playerAtlas_img");
+            final int atlasId = atlas != null ? atlas.getId() : 0;
+            final boolean skinChanged = activeSkin != lastCapturedSkin;
+
+            if (skinChanged) {
+                final TextureInfo info = TextureInfoCache.INSTANCE.getInfo(activeSkin);
+                final int srcW = info.getWidth();
+                final int srcH = info.getHeight();
+                if (srcW > 0 && srcH > 0) {
+                    final int required = srcW * srcH * 4;
+                    if (skinPixels == null || skinPixels.capacity() < required) {
+                        skinPixels = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(required).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+                    }
+                    // The 1.7.10 model UVs only address the top 64x32 region.
+                    skinCopyWidth = Math.min(64, srcW);
+                    skinCopyHeight = Math.min(32, srcH);
+
+                    skinPixels.clear();
+                    GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, activeSkin);
+                    GLStateManager.glGetTexImage(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, skinPixels);
+                    lastCapturedSkin = activeSkin;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (skinPixels != null && (skinChanged || atlasId != lastUploadedAtlas)) {
+                skinPixels.rewind();
+                GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, skin64Tex);
+                GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, skinCopyWidth, skinCopyHeight, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, skinPixels);
+
+                if (atlas != null) {
+                    skinPixels.rewind();
+                    GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, atlasId);
+                    GLStateManager.glTexSubImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, skinCopyWidth, skinCopyHeight, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, skinPixels);
+                }
+                lastUploadedAtlas = atlasId;
+            }
+
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, skin64Tex);
+        }
+
+        final ColorMask prevColor = GLStateManager.getColorMask();
+        final boolean pr = prevColor.red, pg = prevColor.green, pb = prevColor.blue, pa = prevColor.alpha;
+        final boolean prevDepthWrite = GLStateManager.getDepthState().isEnabled();
+
+        GLStateManager.glColorMask(false, false, false, false);
+        GLStateManager.glDepthMask(false);
+        QuadConverter.drawQuadsAsTriangles(0, VERTEX_COUNT);
+        GLStateManager.glDepthMask(prevDepthWrite);
+        GLStateManager.glColorMask(pr, pg, pb, pa);
+
+        if (haveSkin) {
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, activeSkin);
+        }
+
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
+    }
+
+    public static float[] vertexScratch() {
+        if (vertexScratch == null) vertexScratch = new float[VERTEX_COUNT * FLOATS_PER_VERTEX];
+        return vertexScratch;
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureVAO(VertexFormat format) {
+        if (vao != 0) return;
+        vbo = GLStateManager.glGenBuffers();
+        vao = GLStateManager.glGenVertexArrays();
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+        format.setupBufferState(0L);
+        GLStateManager.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+        GLStateManager.glBindVertexArray(0);
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureSkin64Texture() {
+        if (skin64Tex != 0) return;
+        final int prev = GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState();
+        skin64Tex = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, skin64Tex);
+        final ByteBuffer zero = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(64 * 64 * 4);
+        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, 64, 64, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, zero);
+        GLStateManager.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL11.GL_NEAREST);
+        GLStateManager.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL11.GL_NEAREST);
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, prev);
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureRepackCapacity(int requiredBytes) {
+        if (repackBuffer != null && requiredBytes <= repackCapacity) return;
+        int newCapacity = Math.max(0x4000, repackCapacity);
+        while (newCapacity < requiredBytes) newCapacity *= 2;
+        if (repackBuffer != null) memFree(repackBuffer);
+        repackBuffer = memAlloc(newCapacity);
+        repackAddress = memAddress0(repackBuffer);
+        repackCapacity = newCapacity;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.java

@@ -4,48 +4,60 @@ import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2ByteOpenHashMap;
 import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
 import net.minecraft.util.AxisAlignedBB;
 
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
 /**
- * Registry for tracking which TileEntity classes always return INFINITE_EXTENT_AABB.
+ * Registry for tracking which TileEntity classes always return INFINITE_EXTENT_AABB or are known to change at runtime
  */
 public final class TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry {
     private static final byte UNKNOWN = 0;
-    private static final byte FINITE = 1;
-    private static final byte INFINITE = 2;
+    public static final byte STATIC = 1;
+    public static final byte INFINITE = 2;
+    public static final byte DYNAMIC = 3;
 
     private static final Reference2ByteOpenHashMap<Class<? extends TileEntity>> classRegistry = new Reference2ByteOpenHashMap<>();
 
+    private static final Set<String> dynamicClassNames = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
+
     static {
         classRegistry.defaultReturnValue(UNKNOWN);
     }
 
     private TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry() {}
 
+    public static void registerDynamicClass(String className) {
+        if (className != null && !className.isEmpty()) dynamicClassNames.add(className);
+    }
+
     public static boolean isInfiniteExtentsBox(AxisAlignedBB box) {
         return box == null || Double.isInfinite(box.minX) || Double.isInfinite(box.minY) || Double.isInfinite(box.minZ) || Double.isInfinite(box.maxX) || Double.isInfinite(box.maxY) || Double.isInfinite(box.maxZ);
     }
 
-    public static boolean isAlwaysInfiniteExtent(TileEntity te) {
+    public static byte classify(TileEntity te) {
         final Class<? extends TileEntity> clazz = te.getClass();
         synchronized (classRegistry) {
-            final byte result = classRegistry.getByte(clazz);
-            if (result != UNKNOWN) return result == INFINITE;
+            final byte cached = classRegistry.getByte(clazz);
+            if (cached != UNKNOWN) return cached;
         }
-        return probeAndCache(te, clazz);
-    }
 
-    private static boolean probeAndCache(TileEntity te, Class<? extends TileEntity> clazz) {
-        boolean isInfinite;
-        try {
-            final AxisAlignedBB aabb = te.getRenderBoundingBox();
-            isInfinite = isInfiniteExtentsBox(aabb);
-        } catch (Throwable t) {
-            isInfinite = true;
+        final byte result;
+        if (dynamicClassNames.contains(clazz.getName())) {
+            result = DYNAMIC;
+        } else {
+            boolean isInfinite;
+            try {
+                isInfinite = isInfiniteExtentsBox(te.getRenderBoundingBox());
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                isInfinite = true;
+            }
+            result = isInfinite ? INFINITE : STATIC;
         }
 
         synchronized (classRegistry) {
-            classRegistry.put(clazz, isInfinite ? INFINITE : FINITE);
+            classRegistry.put(clazz, result);
         }
-        return isInfinite;
+        return result;
     }
 
     public static void clear() {

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/AngelicaChunkBuildContext.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.light.VanillaDiffuseProvid
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world.WorldSlice;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import net.coderbot.iris.block_rendering.BlockRenderingSettings;
+import net.coderbot.iris.vertices.ExtendedDataHelper;
 import net.irisshaders.iris.api.v0.IrisApi;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.WorldClient;
@@ -184,6 +185,8 @@ public class AngelicaChunkBuildContext extends ChunkBuildContext {
                 animatedSprites.add(sprite);
             }
 
+            final boolean isFluid = blockRenderContext.renderType == ExtendedDataHelper.FLUID_RENDER_TYPE;
+
             // If block used vanilla AO, then we can safely compute our own lighting data and ignore what vanilla
             // computed. We suppress vanilla emitting the brightness/color in MixinRenderBlocks.
             // Otherwise, we need to use the block's lightmap values as they are as the ISBRH may have
@@ -213,6 +216,17 @@ public class AngelicaChunkBuildContext extends ChunkBuildContext {
                 for (int vIdx = 0; vIdx < 4; vIdx++) {
                     vertices[vIdx].trueNormal = trueNormal;
                 }
+
+                if (useAoCalculation && isFluid) {
+                    quadView.setup(trueNormal, blockX, blockY, blockZ);
+                    final ModelQuadFacing lightFace = quadView.getLightFace();
+                    final LightPipeline pipeline = blockAllowsSmoothLighting ? smoothLightPipeline : flatLightPipeline;
+                    final ModelQuadFacing cullFace = quadView.getCullFace();
+                    pipeline.calculate(quadView, worldX, worldY, worldZ, quadLightData, cullFace, lightFace, shouldApplyDiffuse, true);
+                    for (int vIdx = 0; vIdx < 4; vIdx++) {
+                        vertices[vIdx].light = quadLightData.lm[vIdx];
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             // Apply dynamic lights after AO calculation so they're not overwritten

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/AngelicaChunkBuilderMeshingTask.java

@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ public abstract class AngelicaChunkBuilderMeshingTask extends ChunkBuilderTask<C
                             final TileEntity tileEntity = region.getTileEntity(x, y, z);
                             if (tileEntity != null && TileEntityRendererDispatcher.instance.hasSpecialRenderer(tileEntity)) {
                                 final boolean isGlobal;
-                                if (TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.isAlwaysInfiniteExtent(tileEntity)) {
+                                final byte boundsClass = TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.classify(tileEntity);
+                                if (boundsClass == TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.INFINITE || boundsClass == TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.DYNAMIC) {
                                     isGlobal = true;
                                 } else {
                                     AxisAlignedBB aabb;

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/AngelicaChunkTracker.java

@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@
 
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.ChunkTrackerAccessor;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongCollection;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongSets;
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.RenderSectionManager;
 import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.map.ChunkStatus;
-import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.map.ChunkTracker;
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.map.ChunkTrackerImpl;
 import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.util.PositionUtil;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
+
 /**
  * Configurable chunk tracker supporting "fast" and "aggressive" loading modes.
  * Based on Beddium's SafeChunkTracker by Ven and FalsePattern.
@@ -41,109 +40,23 @@ import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.util.PositionUtil;
  *
  * Mode can be switched at runtime via options menu - triggers renderer reload.
  */
-public class AngelicaChunkTracker extends ChunkTracker {
-    private final LongOpenHashSet chunkReadyForced = new LongOpenHashSet();
+public class AngelicaChunkTracker extends ChunkTrackerImpl {
 
-    private ChunkTrackerAccessor self() {
-        return (ChunkTrackerAccessor) this;
+    @Override
+    public void forEachReady(RenderSectionManager sectionManager) {
+        if (this.isFastModeEnabled() != AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking) {
+            setFastMode(AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking);
+        }
+
+        super.forEachReady(sectionManager);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onChunkStatusAdded(int x, int z, int flags) {
-        final var key = PositionUtil.packChunk(x, z);
-        final var prev = self().angelica$getChunkStatus().get(key);
-        final var cur = prev | flags;
-
-        if (prev == cur) {
-            return;
+    public void forEachEvent(RenderSectionManager sectionManager) {
+        if (this.isFastModeEnabled() != AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking) {
+            setFastMode(AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking);
         }
 
-        self().angelica$getChunkStatus().put(key, cur);
-        this.updateNeighbors(x, z);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onChunkStatusRemoved(int x, int z, int flags) {
-        final var key = PositionUtil.packChunk(x, z);
-        final var prev = self().angelica$getChunkStatus().get(key);
-        final int cur = prev & ~flags;
-
-        if (prev == cur) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (cur == self().angelica$getChunkStatus().defaultReturnValue()) {
-            self().angelica$getChunkStatus().remove(key);
-        } else {
-            self().angelica$getChunkStatus().put(key, cur);
-        }
-
-        this.updateNeighbors(x, z);
-    }
-
-    private void updateNeighbors(int x, int z) {
-        for (int ox = -1; ox <= 1; ox++) {
-            for (int oz = -1; oz <= 1; oz++) {
-                this.updateMerged(ox + x, oz + z);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void updateMerged(int x, int z) {
-        final long key = PositionUtil.packChunk(x, z);
-        final int selfFlags = self().angelica$getChunkStatus().get(key);
-
-        // If self doesn't have FLAG_ALL, can't be ready at all
-        if (selfFlags != ChunkStatus.FLAG_ALL) {
-            // Remove from ready if present
-            final boolean wasReady = self().angelica$getChunkReady().remove(key) | this.chunkReadyForced.remove(key);
-            if (wasReady && !self().angelica$getLoadQueue().remove(key)) {
-                self().angelica$getUnloadQueue().add(key);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Check if all neighbors also have FLAG_ALL
-        int mergedFlags = selfFlags;
-        for (int ox = -1; ox <= 1; ox++) {
-            for (int oz = -1; oz <= 1; oz++) {
-                mergedFlags &= self().angelica$getChunkStatus().get(PositionUtil.packChunk(ox + x, oz + z));
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mergedFlags == ChunkStatus.FLAG_ALL) {
-            // All neighbors ready - add to both sets -- Trigger load if newly added to chunkReadyForced (first time ready)
-            if ((this.chunkReadyForced.add(key) || self().angelica$getChunkReady().add(key)) && !self().angelica$getUnloadQueue().remove(key)) {
-                self().angelica$getLoadQueue().add(key);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // Self ready but neighbors not - add to forced, remove from proper
-            // Trigger load if state changed (moved from proper to forced, or newly forced)
-            if ((this.chunkReadyForced.add(key) || self().angelica$getChunkReady().remove(key)) && !self().angelica$getUnloadQueue().remove(key)) {
-                self().angelica$getLoadQueue().add(key);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public LongCollection getReadyChunks() {
-        if (AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking) {
-            // Aggressive mode: return both ready sets
-            final LongOpenHashSet combined = new LongOpenHashSet(self().angelica$getChunkReady());
-            combined.addAll(this.chunkReadyForced);
-            return LongSets.unmodifiable(combined);
-        } else {
-            // Default mode: only return chunks with all neighbors ready
-            return LongSets.unmodifiable(self().angelica$getChunkReady());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void forEachEvent(ChunkEventHandler loadEventHandler, ChunkEventHandler unloadEventHandler) {
-        ChunkTracker.forEachChunk(self().angelica$getUnloadQueue(), unloadEventHandler);
-        self().angelica$getUnloadQueue().clear();
-
-        ChunkTracker.forEachChunk(self().angelica$getLoadQueue(), loadEventHandler);
-        self().angelica$getLoadQueue().clear();
+        super.forEachEvent(sectionManager);
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/AngelicaRenderSectionManager.java

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas;
 
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.world.ICubicWorld;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.cubicchunks.CubicChunksAPI;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.RenderSectionManagerAccessor;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.proxy.ClientProxy;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.AngelicaRenderQueue;
@@ -53,7 +56,18 @@ public class AngelicaRenderSectionManager extends RenderSectionManager {
 
     public static AngelicaRenderSectionManager create(ChunkVertexType vertexType, WorldClient world, int renderDistance, CommandList commandList) {
         final ChunkTaskProvider provider = ChunkTaskRegistry.getActiveProvider();
-        return new AngelicaRenderSectionManager(AngelicaRenderPassConfiguration.build(vertexType), world, renderDistance, commandList, 0, 16, provider.threadCount(), provider);
+        final int minSection;
+        final int maxSection;
+
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded && world instanceof ICubicWorld) {
+            minSection = CubicChunksAPI.getMinSectionY(world);
+            maxSection = CubicChunksAPI.getMaxSectionYExclusive(world);
+        } else {
+            minSection = 0;
+            maxSection = 16;
+        }
+
+        return new AngelicaRenderSectionManager(AngelicaRenderPassConfiguration.build(vertexType), world, renderDistance, commandList, minSection, maxSection, provider.threadCount(), provider);
     }
 
     public void setCameraPosition(double x, double y, double z) {
@@ -125,6 +139,12 @@ public class AngelicaRenderSectionManager extends RenderSectionManager {
         if (chunk.isEmpty()) {
             return true;
         }
+
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            final var section = CubicChunksAPI.getCubeStorage(this.world, x, y, z);
+            return section == null || section.isEmpty();
+        }
+
         final var array = chunk.getBlockStorageArray();
         if (y < 0 || y >= array.length) {
             return true;
@@ -198,6 +218,12 @@ public class AngelicaRenderSectionManager extends RenderSectionManager {
         return IrisShaderProviderHolder.isShadowPass();
     }
 
+    public void markShadowGraphDirty() {
+        if (this.shadowRenderListManager != null) {
+            this.shadowRenderListManager.setNeedsUpdate(true);
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Collection<String> getDebugStrings() {
         List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(super.getDebugStrings());

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/CeleritasWorldRenderer.java

@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.DynamicLights;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.IDynamicLightWorldRenderer;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.ITileEntityBoundingBoxCache;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.proxy.ClientProxy;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.RenderingState;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.api.IrisShaderProvider;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.api.IrisShaderProviderHolder;
-import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.ShadowRenderer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.WorldClient;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
@@ -17,6 +12,7 @@ import net.minecraft.entity.Entity;
 import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
 import net.minecraft.util.AxisAlignedBB;
 import net.minecraftforge.client.MinecraftForgeClient;
+
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.gl.device.CommandList;
@@ -32,10 +28,18 @@ import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.viewport.Viewport;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.cubicchunks.CubicChunksAPI;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.DynamicLights;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.IDynamicLightWorldRenderer;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.ITileEntityBoundingBoxCache;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.proxy.ClientProxy;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.RenderingState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.api.IrisShaderProvider;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.api.IrisShaderProviderHolder;
+import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.ShadowRenderer;
 
 public class CeleritasWorldRenderer extends SimpleWorldRenderer<WorldClient, AngelicaRenderSectionManager, BlockRenderLayer, TileEntity, CeleritasWorldRenderer.TileEntityRenderContext> implements IDynamicLightWorldRenderer {
     private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("Angelica");
@@ -110,12 +114,20 @@ public class CeleritasWorldRenderer extends SimpleWorldRenderer<WorldClient, Ang
 
     @Override
     public int getMinimumBuildHeight() {
-        return 0;
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            return CubicChunksAPI.getMinHeight(this.world);
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
     public int getMaximumBuildHeight() {
-        return 256;
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            return CubicChunksAPI.getMaxHeight(this.world);
+        } else {
+            return 256;
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -346,8 +358,9 @@ public class CeleritasWorldRenderer extends SimpleWorldRenderer<WorldClient, Ang
 
         final ITileEntityBoundingBoxCache teCache = (ITileEntityBoundingBoxCache) tileEntity;
 
-        if (!teCache.angelica$isInfiniteExtent()) {
-            final AxisAlignedBB aabb = teCache.angelica$getCachedRenderBoundingBox();
+        final byte boundsClass = teCache.angelica$boundsClass();
+        if (boundsClass != TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.INFINITE) {
+            final AxisAlignedBB aabb = boundsClass == TileEntityRenderBoundsRegistry.DYNAMIC ? tileEntity.getRenderBoundingBox() : teCache.angelica$getCachedRenderBoundingBox();
             if (aabb != null && !this.currentViewport.isBoxVisible(aabb.minX, aabb.minY, aabb.minZ, aabb.maxX, aabb.maxY, aabb.maxZ)) {
                 return;
             }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/CubeStatusEvents.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
+import net.minecraftforge.common.MinecraftForge;
+
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.map.ChunkTracker;
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.map.ChunkTrackerHolder;
+
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.api.event.CubeEvent;
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.util.CubePos;
+import cpw.mods.fml.common.eventhandler.SubscribeEvent;
+
+public class CubeStatusEvents {
+
+    public static void init() {
+        MinecraftForge.EVENT_BUS.register(new CubeStatusEvents());
+    }
+
+    private ChunkTracker getTracker() {
+        return ChunkTrackerHolder.get(Minecraft.getMinecraft().theWorld);
+    }
+
+    @SubscribeEvent
+    public void onCubeLoaded(CubeEvent.Load event) {
+        if (!event.world.isRemote) return;
+
+        if (getTracker() instanceof CubeStatusTracker cubic) {
+            CubePos pos = event.pos;
+            cubic.onCubeLoaded(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SubscribeEvent
+    public void onCubeUnloaded(CubeEvent.Unload event) {
+        if (!event.world.isRemote) return;
+
+        if (getTracker() instanceof CubeStatusTracker cubic) {
+            CubePos pos = event.pos;
+            cubic.onCubeUnloaded(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/CubeStatusTracker.java

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas;
+
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.RenderSectionManager;
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.render.chunk.map.ChunkTracker;
+
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.util.HashMap3D;
+import com.cardinalstar.cubicchunks.util.HashSet3D;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
+
+public class CubeStatusTracker implements ChunkTracker {
+
+    /// Cubes that have been synced to the client and are currently loaded.
+    private final HashSet3D loadedCubes = new HashSet3D();
+    /// Cubes that have their neighbours loaded (as needed) and are ready to be rendered.
+    private final HashSet3D validCubes = new HashSet3D();
+
+    private final HashMap3D<PendingState> changedCubes = new HashMap3D<>();
+
+    private enum PendingState {
+        Add,
+        Remove
+    }
+
+    /// When true, adjacent cubes will not be checked.
+    private boolean fastMode = false;
+
+    public CubeStatusTracker() {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setFastMode(boolean fastMode) {
+        this.fastMode = fastMode;
+
+        this.loadedCubes.forEach(this::pollCube);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isFastModeEnabled() {
+        return fastMode;
+    }
+
+    public void onCubeLoaded(int cubeX, int cubeY, int cubeZ) {
+        if (loadedCubes.add(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ)) {
+            onCubeChanged(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void onCubeUnloaded(int cubeX, int cubeY, int cubeZ) {
+        if (loadedCubes.remove(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ)) {
+            onCubeChanged(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void onCubeChanged(int cubeX, int cubeY, int cubeZ) {
+        pollCube(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ);
+
+        if (!fastMode) {
+            for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; dz++) {
+                for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; dy++) {
+                    for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++) {
+                        if (dx == 0 && dy == 0 && dz == 0) continue;
+
+                        pollCube(cubeX + dx, cubeY + dy, cubeZ + dz);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void pollCube(int cubeX, int cubeY, int cubeZ) {
+        boolean renderable = canRender(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ);
+        boolean isRendering = validCubes.contains(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ);
+
+        if (renderable != isRendering) {
+            changedCubes.put(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ, renderable ? PendingState.Add : PendingState.Remove);
+        } else {
+            changedCubes.remove(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean canRender(int cubeX, int cubeY, int cubeZ) {
+        if (!loadedCubes.contains(cubeX, cubeY, cubeZ)) return false;
+
+        if (!fastMode) {
+            for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; dz++) {
+                for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; dy++) {
+                    for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++) {
+                        if (dx == 0 && dy == 0 && dz == 0) continue;
+
+                        if (!loadedCubes.contains(cubeX + dx, cubeY + dy, cubeZ + dz)) return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onChunkStatusAdded(int i, int i1, int i2) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onChunkStatusRemoved(int i, int i1, int i2) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void forEachReady(RenderSectionManager renderSectionManager) {
+        if (this.isFastModeEnabled() != AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking) {
+            setFastMode(AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking);
+        }
+
+        changedCubes.forEach((x, y, z, state) -> {
+            boolean ready = state == PendingState.Add;
+
+            if (ready) {
+                validCubes.add(x, y, z);
+            } else {
+                validCubes.remove(x, y, z);
+            }
+        });
+
+        changedCubes.clear();
+
+        for (var pos : validCubes.fastEntryIterable()) {
+            int x = pos.getX();
+            int y = pos.getY();
+            int z = pos.getZ();
+
+            renderSectionManager.onSectionAdded(x, y, z);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void forEachEvent(RenderSectionManager renderSectionManager) {
+        if (this.isFastModeEnabled() != AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking) {
+            setFastMode(AngelicaConfig.useVanillaChunkTracking);
+        }
+
+        changedCubes.forEach((x, y, z, state) -> {
+            boolean ready = state == PendingState.Add;
+
+            if (ready) {
+                validCubes.add(x, y, z);
+                renderSectionManager.onSectionAdded(x, y, z);
+            } else {
+                validCubes.remove(x, y, z);
+                renderSectionManager.onSectionRemoved(x, y, z);
+            }
+        });
+
+        changedCubes.clear();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/iris/IrisExtendedChunkVertexEncoder.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import static com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.iris.IrisExtendedCh
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2ObjectMap;
 import lombok.Setter;
+import net.coderbot.iris.block_rendering.BlockMaterialMapping;
 import net.coderbot.iris.block_rendering.BlockRenderingSettings;
 import net.coderbot.iris.vertices.ExtendedDataHelper;
 import net.coderbot.iris.vertices.NormalHelper;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ public class IrisExtendedChunkVertexEncoder implements ContextAwareChunkVertexEn
     public void prepareToRenderBlock(BlockRenderContext ctx, Block block, int metadata, short renderType, byte lightValue) {
         this.context = ctx;
         Int2IntMap metaMap = blockMetaMatches != null ? blockMetaMatches.get(block) : null;
-        ctx.blockId = (short) (metaMap != null ? metaMap.get(metadata) : -1);
+        ctx.blockId = (short) (metaMap != null ? BlockMaterialMapping.resolveId(metaMap, metadata) : -1);
         ctx.renderType = renderType;
         ctx.lightValue = lightValue;
     }
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ public class IrisExtendedChunkVertexEncoder implements ContextAwareChunkVertexEn
 
     private int lookupFluidMeta(Block block, int metadata) {
         final Int2IntMap metaMap = blockMetaMatches.get(block);
-        return metaMap != null ? metaMap.get(metadata) : -1;
+        return metaMap != null ? BlockMaterialMapping.resolveId(metaMap, metadata) : -1;
     }
 
     private static Block liquidCounterpart(Block block) {

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/world/WorldSlice.java

@@ -1,26 +1,12 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world;
 
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.api.SectionLightData;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.api.IBlockAccessExtended;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang.ChunkSectionPos;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang.CompatMathHelper;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.DynamicLights;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.IDynamicLightSource;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.SmoothBiomeColorCache;
-
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world.cloned.ChunkRenderContext;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world.cloned.ClonedChunkSection;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world.cloned.ClonedChunkSectionCache;
-import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.util.position.SectionPos;
-import cpw.mods.fml.common.Optional;
-import mega.fluidlogged.api.FLBlockAccess;
+
 import net.minecraft.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.client.multiplayer.WorldClient;
 import net.minecraft.init.Blocks;
 import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
-import net.minecraft.util.MathHelper;
 import net.minecraft.world.EnumSkyBlock;
 import net.minecraft.world.World;
 import net.minecraft.world.biome.BiomeGenBase;
@@ -30,9 +16,24 @@ import net.minecraft.world.chunk.storage.ExtendedBlockStorage;
 import net.minecraft.world.gen.structure.StructureBoundingBox;
 import net.minecraftforge.common.util.ForgeDirection;
 import net.minecraftforge.fluids.Fluid;
+
+import org.embeddedt.embeddium.impl.util.position.SectionPos;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.api.IBlockAccessExtended;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.api.SectionLightData;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.cubicchunks.CubicChunksAPI;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang.ChunkSectionPos;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang.CompatMathHelper;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.DynamicLights;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.dynamiclights.IDynamicLightSource;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.SmoothBiomeColorCache;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world.cloned.ChunkRenderContext;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world.cloned.ClonedChunkSection;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.celeritas.world.cloned.ClonedChunkSectionCache;
+import cpw.mods.fml.common.Optional;
+import mega.fluidlogged.api.FLBlockAccess;
 
 /**
  * Takes a slice of world state (block states, biome and light data arrays) and copies the data for use in off-thread
@@ -111,7 +112,13 @@ public class WorldSlice implements IBlockAccessExtended, FLBlockAccess {
 
     public static ChunkRenderContext prepare(World world, ChunkSectionPos origin, ClonedChunkSectionCache sectionCache) {
         final Chunk chunk = world.getChunkFromChunkCoords(origin.x, origin.z);
-        final ExtendedBlockStorage section = chunk.getBlockStorageArray()[origin.y];
+        final ExtendedBlockStorage section;
+
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            section = CubicChunksAPI.getCubeStorage(world, origin.x, origin.y, origin.z);
+        } else {
+            section = chunk.getBlockStorageArray()[origin.y];
+        }
 
         // If the chunk section is absent or empty, terminate early
         if (section == null || section.isEmpty()) {
@@ -241,7 +248,10 @@ public class WorldSlice implements IBlockAccessExtended, FLBlockAccess {
 
     @Override
     public int getLightBrightnessForSkyBlocks(int x, int y, int z, int min) {
-        if (y < 0 || y >= 256 || x < -30_000_000 || z < -30_000_000 || x >= 30_000_000 || z >= 30_000_000) {
+        final int minHeight = ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded ? CubicChunksAPI.getMinHeight(this.world) : 0;
+        final int maxHeight = ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded ? CubicChunksAPI.getMaxHeight(this.world) : 256;
+
+        if (y < minHeight || y >= maxHeight || x < -30_000_000 || z < -30_000_000 || x >= 30_000_000 || z >= 30_000_000) {
             // skyBrightness = 15, blockBrightness = min
             return (15 << 20) | (min << 4);
         }
@@ -372,7 +382,7 @@ public class WorldSlice implements IBlockAccessExtended, FLBlockAccess {
         if (!blockBoxContains(this.volume, x, y, z)) {
             return 0;
         }
-        y = MathHelper.clamp_int(y, 0, 255);
+        y = CompatMathHelper.clampHeight(y);
 
         final int relX = x - this.baseX;
         final int relY = y - this.baseY;

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/celeritas/world/cloned/ClonedChunkSection.java

@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.api.BlockLightProvider;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.api.SectionLightData;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ExtendedBlockStorageExt;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.lotr.LOTRCompat;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.cubicchunks.CubicChunksAPI;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.mojang.ChunkSectionPos;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.IChunkTileEntityMapHolder;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.utils.ConcurrentTileEntityMap;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectMap;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectMaps;
-import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.shorts.Short2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import mega.fluidlogged.internal.mixin.hook.FLSubChunk;
 
@@ -25,9 +24,13 @@ import net.minecraft.world.chunk.NibbleArray;
 import net.minecraft.world.chunk.storage.ExtendedBlockStorage;
 import net.minecraftforge.fluids.Fluid;
 
+import java.util.Map;
+
 public class ClonedChunkSection {
 
     private static final ExtendedBlockStorage EMPTY_SECTION = new ExtendedBlockStorage(0, false);
+    private static final int SECTION_BLOCK_LENGTH = 16;
+    private static final int BIOME_DATA_LENGTH = SECTION_BLOCK_LENGTH * SECTION_BLOCK_LENGTH;
 
     private final ClonedChunkSectionCache backingCache;
     private final World world;
@@ -53,7 +56,13 @@ public class ClonedChunkSection {
             throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't retrieve chunk at " + pos.toChunkPos());
         }
 
-        ExtendedBlockStorage section = getChunkSection(chunk, pos);
+        ExtendedBlockStorage section;
+
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            section = CubicChunksAPI.getCubeStorage(world, pos.x, pos.y, pos.z);
+        } else {
+            section = getChunkSection(chunk, pos);
+        }
 
         if (section == null) {
             section = EMPTY_SECTION;
@@ -62,7 +71,7 @@ public class ClonedChunkSection {
         this.pos = pos;
         this.data = new ExtendedBlockStorageExt(chunk, section);
 
-        this.biomeData = new BiomeGenBase[16 * 16];
+        this.biomeData = new BiomeGenBase[BIOME_DATA_LENGTH];
 
         copyBlockEntities(chunk, pos);
 
@@ -72,15 +81,22 @@ public class ClonedChunkSection {
     }
 
     private void fillBiomeData(Chunk chunk) {
-        final WorldChunkManager wcm = world.getWorldChunkManager();
-        for (int lz = 0; lz < 16; lz++) {
-            for (int lx = 0; lx < 16; lx++) {
-                this.biomeData[lx | (lz << 4)] = chunk.getBiomeGenForWorldCoords(lx, lz, wcm);
+        if (LOTRCompat.isLotrProvider(world.provider)) {
+            for (int z = pos.getMinZ(); z <= pos.getMaxZ(); z++) {
+                for (int x = pos.getMinX(); x <= pos.getMaxX(); x++) {
+                    this.biomeData[((z & 15) << 4) | (x & 15)] = world.getBiomeGenForCoords(x, z);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            final WorldChunkManager wcm = world.getWorldChunkManager();
+            for (int lz = 0; lz < SECTION_BLOCK_LENGTH; lz++) {
+                for (int lx = 0; lx < SECTION_BLOCK_LENGTH; lx++) {
+                    this.biomeData[(lz << 4) | lx] = chunk.getBiomeGenForWorldCoords(lx, lz, wcm);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     private void copyBlockEntities(Chunk chunk, ChunkSectionPos pos) {
         this.tileEntities.clear();
 
@@ -88,22 +104,13 @@ public class ClonedChunkSection {
 
         map.readLock();
         try {
-            final Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> delegate = map.getDelegate();
-
-            if (!delegate.isEmpty()) {
-                final int minY = pos.getMinY();
-                final int maxY = pos.getMaxY();
-
-                for (Object2ObjectMap.Entry<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> entry : Object2ObjectMaps.fastIterable(delegate)) {
-                    final ChunkPosition tePos = entry.getKey();
-                    if (tePos.chunkPosY < minY || tePos.chunkPosY > maxY) continue;
-
-                    final TileEntity te = entry.getValue();
-                    if (te != null && !te.isInvalid()) {
-                        this.tileEntities.put(ChunkSectionPos.packLocal(tePos.chunkPosX & 15, tePos.chunkPosY & 15, tePos.chunkPosZ & 15), te);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            map.forEachInYRange(pos.getMinY(), pos.getMaxY(), entry -> {
+                final ChunkPosition tePos = entry.getKey();
+                this.tileEntities.put(
+                    ChunkSectionPos.packLocal(tePos.chunkPosX & 15, tePos.chunkPosY & 15, tePos.chunkPosZ & 15),
+                    entry.getValue()
+                );
+            });
         } finally {
             map.readUnlock();
         }
@@ -169,12 +176,15 @@ public class ClonedChunkSection {
         this.lastUsedTimestamp = timestamp;
     }
 
-    public static boolean isOutOfBuildLimitVertically(int y) {
+    public static boolean isOutOfBuildLimitVertically(World world, int y) {
+        if (ModStatus.isCubicChunksLoaded) {
+            return y < CubicChunksAPI.getMinHeight(world) || y >= CubicChunksAPI.getMaxHeight(world);
+        }
         return y < 0 || y >= 256;
     }
 
-    private static ExtendedBlockStorage getChunkSection(Chunk chunk, ChunkSectionPos pos) {
-        if (!isOutOfBuildLimitVertically(ChunkSectionPos.getBlockCoord(pos.y))) {
+    private ExtendedBlockStorage getChunkSection(Chunk chunk, ChunkSectionPos pos) {
+        if (!isOutOfBuildLimitVertically(this.world, ChunkSectionPos.getBlockCoord(pos.y))) {
             return chunk.getBlockStorageArray()[pos.y];
         }
         return null;

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/shadercompat/ShaderGlint.java

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.shadercompat;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GlintColorHandler;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntLinkedOpenHashMap;
+import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.ShadowRenderer;
+import net.irisshaders.iris.api.v0.IrisApi;
+import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
+import net.minecraft.util.ResourceLocation;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * Maybe overcomplicated, but it's required to bridge the gap between the modern glint texture and white texture 1.7.10
+ * has. Some shaders are able to render the glint just fine as they seem to have some amount of support for older
+ * Minecraft, but others like AstraLex do *not* render correctly. It expects the color to be within the texture.
+ * This might introduce some oddities that I'm not seeing, but for now this appears to fix the issue.
+ */
+public final class ShaderGlint {
+
+    private static final ResourceLocation GLINT_MASK = new ResourceLocation("textures/misc/enchanted_item_glint.png");
+    private static final int MAX_CACHE = 64;
+
+    private static boolean maskLoaded;
+    private static boolean maskFailed;
+    private static int maskW;
+    private static int maskH;
+    private static int[] maskLum;
+
+    private static final Int2IntLinkedOpenHashMap colorToTexture = new Int2IntLinkedOpenHashMap();
+    static {
+        colorToTexture.defaultReturnValue(0);
+    }
+
+    private static final GlintColorHandler COLOR_HANDLER = ShaderGlint::onColorChanged;
+
+    private static boolean injecting;
+    private static boolean swapped;
+    private static int depth;
+
+    private static int prevTexture;
+
+    private static ByteBuffer tintBuffer;
+
+    private ShaderGlint() {}
+
+    public static void beginGlint() {
+        if (ShadowRenderer.ACTIVE || !IrisApi.getInstance().isShaderPackInUse()) return;
+
+        // If a glint span is already active, keep the outer span's saved state and
+        // let the nested render ride on its handler.
+        if (depth++ > 0) return;
+
+        swapped = false;
+        injecting = false;
+
+        // Save the texture bound before the glint section so endGlint can put it back if we swap
+        prevTexture = GLStateManager.getBoundTextureForServerState(0);
+
+        // Observe vertex-color changes for the rest of the glint section
+        GLSMHooks.glintColorHandler = COLOR_HANDLER;
+    }
+
+    public static void endGlint() {
+        if (depth == 0 || --depth > 0) return;
+        if (GLSMHooks.glintColorHandler != COLOR_HANDLER) return;
+        GLSMHooks.glintColorHandler = null;
+
+        if (swapped) {
+            GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, prevTexture);
+        }
+        swapped = false;
+        injecting = false;
+    }
+
+    private static void onColorChanged(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha) {
+        if (injecting) return;
+
+        final int texture = getTintedTexture(red, green, blue);
+        if (texture <= 0) return;
+
+        injecting = true;
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
+        GLStateManager.glColor4f(1.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F, alpha);
+        injecting = false;
+        swapped = true;
+    }
+
+    private static int getTintedTexture(float r, float g, float b) {
+        ensureMaskLoaded();
+        if (!maskLoaded) return -1;
+
+        final int ri = clamp8(r);
+        final int gi = clamp8(g);
+        final int bi = clamp8(b);
+        final int key = (ri << 16) | (gi << 8) | bi;
+
+        final int cached = colorToTexture.getAndMoveToLast(key);
+        if (cached != 0) return cached;
+
+        if (colorToTexture.size() >= MAX_CACHE) {
+            GLStateManager.glDeleteTextures(colorToTexture.remove(colorToTexture.firstIntKey()));
+        }
+
+        final int texture = uploadTinted(ri / 255.0F, gi / 255.0F, bi / 255.0F);
+        colorToTexture.putAndMoveToLast(key, texture);
+        return texture;
+    }
+
+    private static int uploadTinted(float r, float g, float b) {
+        final ByteBuffer pixels = tintBuffer;
+        pixels.clear();
+        for (final int l : maskLum) {
+            pixels.put((byte) Math.round(l * r));
+            pixels.put((byte) Math.round(l * g));
+            pixels.put((byte) Math.round(l * b));
+            pixels.put((byte) 0xFF);
+        }
+        pixels.flip();
+
+        final int texture = GLStateManager.glGenTextures();
+        GLStateManager.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
+        // Match the vanilla glint texture
+        GLStateManager.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL11.GL_LINEAR);
+        GLStateManager.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL11.GL_LINEAR);
+        GLStateManager.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL11.GL_REPEAT);
+        GLStateManager.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL11.GL_REPEAT);
+        GLStateManager.glTexImage2D(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL11.GL_RGBA8, maskW, maskH, 0,
+            GL11.GL_RGBA, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
+        return texture;
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureMaskLoaded() {
+        if (maskLoaded || maskFailed) return;
+        try (final InputStream in = Minecraft.getMinecraft().getResourceManager().getResource(GLINT_MASK).getInputStream()) {
+            final BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(in);
+            maskW = img.getWidth();
+            maskH = img.getHeight();
+            maskLum = new int[maskW * maskH];
+            final int[] argb = img.getRGB(0, 0, maskW, maskH, null, 0, maskW);
+            for (int i = 0; i < argb.length; i++) {
+                final int p = argb[i];
+                final int rr = (p >> 16) & 0xFF;
+                final int gg = (p >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                final int bb = p & 0xFF;
+                maskLum[i] = (rr + gg + bb) / 3;
+            }
+            tintBuffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(maskW * maskH * 4);
+            maskLoaded = true;
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            maskFailed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int clamp8(float v) {
+        final int i = Math.round(v * 255.0F);
+        if (i < 0) return 0;
+        return Math.min(i, 255);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/utils/ConcurrentTileEntityMap.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.utils;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.RenderThreadContext;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectMaps;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
 import net.minecraft.world.ChunkPosition;
@@ -10,15 +11,30 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
- * Thread-safe wrapper around Object2ObjectOpenHashMap for chunkTileEntityMap.
+ * Thread-safe wrapper around a tile entity map for chunkTileEntityMap.
+ * May wrap either a plain Object2ObjectOpenHashMap (vanilla) or a ColumnTileEntityMap (cubic chunks).
  */
 public class ConcurrentTileEntityMap implements Map<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> {
-    private final Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> delegate = new Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
+    private final Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> flatDelegate;
+    private final Map<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> delegate;
     private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
     private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ChunkPosition> invalidationQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
 
+    /** Vanilla path: backs the map with a fresh flat map. */
+    public ConcurrentTileEntityMap() {
+        this.flatDelegate = new Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
+        this.delegate = this.flatDelegate;
+    }
+
+    /** cubic chunks path: wraps an existing map (e.g. ColumnTileEntityMap). */
+    public ConcurrentTileEntityMap(Map<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> toWrap) {
+        this.flatDelegate = null;
+        this.delegate = toWrap;
+    }
+
     public void queueInvalidation(ChunkPosition pos) {
         invalidationQueue.add(pos);
     }
@@ -59,14 +75,27 @@ public class ConcurrentTileEntityMap implements Map<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> {
         }
     }
 
-    public Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> getDelegate() {
-        return delegate;
-    }
-
     public TileEntity putDirect(ChunkPosition key, TileEntity value) {
         return delegate.put(key, value);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Iterates all non-invalid tile entities whose Y coordinate falls within [minY, maxY].
+     * Caller must hold the read lock.
+     */
+    public void forEachInYRange(int minY, int maxY, Consumer<Map.Entry<ChunkPosition, TileEntity>> action) {
+        final Iterable<? extends Map.Entry<ChunkPosition, TileEntity>> entries =
+            flatDelegate != null ? Object2ObjectMaps.fastIterable(flatDelegate) : delegate.entrySet();
+        for (Map.Entry<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> entry : entries) {
+            final ChunkPosition tePos = entry.getKey();
+            if (tePos.chunkPosY < minY || tePos.chunkPosY > maxY) continue;
+            final TileEntity te = entry.getValue();
+            if (te != null && !te.isInvalid()) {
+                action.accept(entry);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private static boolean isRenderWorkerThread() {
         return RenderThreadContext.hasWorldSlice();
     }
@@ -135,7 +164,10 @@ public class ConcurrentTileEntityMap implements Map<ChunkPosition, TileEntity> {
         lock.writeLock().lock();
         try {
             invalidationQueue.clear();
-            delegate.clear();
+            if (flatDelegate != null) {
+                flatDelegate.clear();
+            }
+            // wrapped delegate manages its own TE lifetime; skip clear()
         } finally {
             lock.writeLock().unlock();
         }

src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/zoom/Zoom.java

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import cpw.mods.fml.client.registry.ClientRegistry;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.FMLCommonHandler;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.eventhandler.SubscribeEvent;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.gameevent.InputEvent;
+import cpw.mods.fml.common.gameevent.TickEvent;
+import jss.notfine.core.Settings;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.settings.KeyBinding;
@@ -19,6 +21,13 @@ public class Zoom {
 
     @Getter
     private static float zoom = ZOOM_DEFAULT;
+
+    public static final float ZOOM_SMOOTH_SNAP_EPSILON = 0.001F;
+
+    @Getter
+    private static float currentZoom = 1.0F;
+    private static long zoomLerpLastNano = 0L;
+
     @Getter
     private static final KeyBinding zoomKey = new KeyBinding("Zoom", 0, "key.categories.misc");
 
@@ -38,6 +47,29 @@ public class Zoom {
         zoom = MathHelper.clamp_float((float) (zoom * Math.pow(ZOOM_STEP, Integer.signum(eventDWheel))), ZOOM_MIN, ZOOM_MAX);
     }
 
+    public static void updateZoomLerp() {
+        final long now = System.nanoTime();
+        float dt = zoomLerpLastNano == 0L ? 0.0F : (now - zoomLerpLastNano) / 1.0e9F;
+        zoomLerpLastNano = now;
+
+        final float target = zoomEnabled ? zoom : 1.0F;
+
+        if (dt <= 0.0F || !(boolean) Settings.ZOOM_SMOOTH.option.getStore()) {
+            currentZoom = target;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Clamp dt so a long frame (alt-tab, GC pause) does not snap the zoom.
+        dt = Math.min(dt, 0.1F);
+
+        final int rate = (int) Settings.ZOOM_SMOOTH_SPEED.option.getStore();
+        currentZoom += (target - currentZoom) * (1.0F - (float) Math.exp(-dt * rate));
+
+        if (Math.abs(target - currentZoom) < ZOOM_SMOOTH_SNAP_EPSILON) {
+            currentZoom = target;
+        }
+    }
+
     private static void resetMouseFilters(Minecraft mc) {
         if (mc.entityRenderer != null) {
             ((IMouseFilterExt) mc.entityRenderer.mouseFilterXAxis).angelica$reset();
@@ -79,4 +111,10 @@ public class Zoom {
             handleKeyEvent();
         }
     }
+
+    @SubscribeEvent
+    public void onRenderTick(TickEvent.RenderTickEvent e) {
+        if (e.phase != TickEvent.Phase.START) return;
+        updateZoomLerp();
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/prupe/mcpatcher/ctm/BlockOrientation.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import net.minecraft.util.IIcon;
 import net.minecraft.world.IBlockAccess;
 
 import com.prupe.mcpatcher.mal.block.BlockStateMatcher;
+import net.minecraftforge.common.util.ForgeDirection;
 
 final class BlockOrientation extends RenderBlockState {
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ final class BlockOrientation extends RenderBlockState {
     private int textureFace;
     private int textureFaceOrig;
     private int rotateUV;
-    private boolean flipBottom;
+    private boolean flipped;
 
     @Override
     public void clear() {
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ final class BlockOrientation extends RenderBlockState {
         offsetsComputed = false;
         haveOffsets = false;
         dx = dy = dz = 0;
-        flipBottom = !fixedBottomFaceUV;
+        flipped = false;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -102,7 +103,10 @@ final class BlockOrientation extends RenderBlockState {
 
     @Override
     public int[] getOffset(int blockFace, int relativeDirection) {
-        return NEIGHBOR_OFFSET[flipBottom && blockFace == 0 ? 1 : blockFace][rotateUV(relativeDirection)];
+        if(flipped){
+            blockFace = ForgeDirection.OPPOSITES[blockFace];
+        }
+        return NEIGHBOR_OFFSET[blockFace][rotateUV(relativeDirection)];
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -146,8 +150,8 @@ final class BlockOrientation extends RenderBlockState {
     }
 
 
-    public void setFlipBottom(){
-        flipBottom = true;
+    public void flipFace() {
+        flipped = true;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -175,7 +179,7 @@ final class BlockOrientation extends RenderBlockState {
         copy.textureFace = textureFace;
         copy.textureFaceOrig = textureFaceOrig;
         copy.rotateUV = rotateUV;
-        copy.flipBottom = flipBottom;
+        copy.flipped = flipped;
 
         copy.blockAccess = blockAccess;
         copy.block = block;
@@ -208,7 +212,7 @@ final class BlockOrientation extends RenderBlockState {
         rotateUV = 0;
         textureFace = blockFaceToTextureFace(blockFace);
         metadataBits = (1 << metadata) | (1 << altMetadata);
-        flipBottom = !fixedBottomFaceUV;
+        flipped = !fixedBottomFaceUV && blockFace == ForgeDirection.DOWN.ordinal();
     }
 
     void setBlockMetadata(Block block, int metadata, int face) {

src/main/java/com/prupe/mcpatcher/ctm/CTMTextureGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package com.prupe.mcpatcher.ctm;
+
+import com.prupe.mcpatcher.ctm.TileOverrideImpl.CTMCompactExpanded;
+import com.prupe.mcpatcher.mal.tile.TileLoader;
+import net.minecraft.util.ResourceLocation;
+
+import java.awt.Graphics2D;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+
+public class CTMTextureGenerator {
+
+    public static void generateTextures(BufferedImage[] compactIcons, CTMCompactExpanded override,
+                                        ResourceLocation propsLoc, ResourceLocation blankResource){
+        BufferedImage cFull = compactIcons[0]; // Full
+        BufferedImage cNone = compactIcons[1]; // None
+        BufferedImage cVert = compactIcons[2]; // Vertical
+        BufferedImage cHori = compactIcons[3]; // Horizontal
+        BufferedImage cCorn = compactIcons[4]; // Corner
+
+        BufferedImage[] expanded = new BufferedImage[47];
+
+        // Generate all 47 textures to match normal CTM
+        expanded[0]  = cFull;
+        expanded[1]  = generate(cFull, cHori, cFull, cHori);
+        expanded[2]  = cHori;
+        expanded[3]  = generate(cHori, cFull, cHori, cFull);
+        expanded[4]  = generate(cFull, cHori, cVert, cCorn);
+        expanded[5]  = generate(cHori, cFull, cCorn, cVert);
+        expanded[6]  = generate(cVert, cCorn, cVert, cCorn);
+        expanded[7]  = generate(cHori, cHori, cCorn, cCorn);
+        expanded[8]  = generate(cCorn, cNone, cCorn, cCorn);
+        expanded[9]  = generate(cCorn, cCorn, cCorn, cNone);
+        expanded[10] = generate(cNone, cCorn, cNone, cCorn);
+        expanded[11] = generate(cNone, cNone, cCorn, cCorn);
+        expanded[12] = generate(cFull, cFull, cVert, cVert);
+        expanded[13] = generate(cFull, cHori, cVert, cNone);
+        expanded[14] = generate(cHori, cHori, cNone, cNone);
+        expanded[15] = generate(cHori, cFull, cNone, cVert);
+        expanded[16] = generate(cVert, cCorn, cFull, cHori);
+        expanded[17] = generate(cCorn, cVert, cHori, cFull);
+        expanded[18] = generate(cCorn, cCorn, cHori, cHori);
+        expanded[19] = generate(cCorn, cVert, cCorn, cVert);
+        expanded[20] = generate(cNone, cCorn, cCorn, cCorn);
+        expanded[21] = generate(cCorn, cCorn, cNone, cCorn);
+        expanded[22] = generate(cCorn, cCorn, cNone, cNone);
+        expanded[23] = generate(cCorn, cNone, cCorn, cNone);
+        expanded[24] = cVert;
+        expanded[25] = generate(cVert, cNone, cVert, cNone);
+        expanded[26] = cNone;
+        expanded[27] = generate(cNone, cVert, cNone, cVert);
+        expanded[28] = generate(cVert, cCorn, cVert, cNone);
+        expanded[29] = generate(cHori, cHori, cNone, cCorn);
+        expanded[30] = generate(cVert, cNone, cVert, cCorn);
+        expanded[31] = generate(cHori, cHori, cCorn, cNone);
+        expanded[32] = generate(cNone, cNone, cNone, cCorn);
+        expanded[33] = generate(cNone, cNone, cCorn, cNone);
+        expanded[34] = generate(cCorn, cNone, cNone, cCorn);
+        expanded[35] = generate(cNone, cCorn, cCorn, cNone);
+        expanded[36] = generate(cVert, cVert, cFull, cFull);
+        expanded[37] = generate(cVert, cNone, cFull, cHori);
+        expanded[38] = generate(cNone, cNone, cHori, cHori);
+        expanded[39] = generate(cNone, cVert, cHori, cFull);
+        expanded[40] = generate(cCorn, cNone, cHori, cHori);
+        expanded[41] = generate(cNone, cVert, cNone, cVert);
+        expanded[42] = generate(cNone, cCorn, cHori, cHori);
+        expanded[43] = generate(cCorn, cVert, cNone, cVert);
+        expanded[44] = generate(cNone, cCorn, cNone, cNone);
+        expanded[45] = generate(cCorn, cNone, cNone, cNone);
+        expanded[46] = cCorn;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < expanded.length; i++){
+            ResourceLocation resource =
+                TileLoader.parseTileAddress(propsLoc, String.valueOf(i), blankResource);
+            override.addIcon(resource, expanded[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static BufferedImage generate(BufferedImage tl, BufferedImage tr, BufferedImage bl, BufferedImage br){
+        int w = tl.getWidth();
+        int hw = w/2;
+        BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(tl.getWidth(), tl.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
+        int numFrames = tl.getHeight() / tl.getWidth();
+        Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();
+        for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++){
+            int yOff = w * i;
+            copy(tl, g, 0, yOff, hw);
+            copy(tr, g, hw, yOff, hw);
+            copy(bl, g, 0, yOff + hw, hw);
+            copy(br, g, hw, yOff + hw, hw);
+        }
+        g.dispose();
+        return img;
+    }
+
+    private static void copy(BufferedImage src, Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int s){
+        g.drawImage(src, x, y, x+s, y+s, x, y, x+s, y+s, null);
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/com/prupe/mcpatcher/ctm/CTMUtils.java

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.StampedLock;
 
+import com.github.bsideup.jabel.Desugar;
 import net.minecraft.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.util.IIcon;
 import net.minecraft.util.ResourceLocation;
 import net.minecraft.world.IBlockAccess;
 
-import com.github.bsideup.jabel.Desugar;
 import com.prupe.mcpatcher.MCLogger;
 import com.prupe.mcpatcher.MCPatcherUtils;
 import com.prupe.mcpatcher.mal.block.BlockAPI;
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import jss.notfine.config.MCPatcherForgeConfig;
 
 public class CTMUtils {
 
-    private static final MCLogger logger = MCLogger.getLogger(MCLogger.Category.CONNECTED_TEXTURES, "CTM");
+    public static final MCLogger logger = MCLogger.getLogger(MCLogger.Category.CONNECTED_TEXTURES, "CTM");
 
     private static class Overrides {
         private final List<TileOverride> all = new ArrayList<>();

src/main/java/com/prupe/mcpatcher/ctm/CompactCtmQuadProcessor.java

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntMap;
 import net.minecraft.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderBlocks;
 import net.minecraft.util.IIcon;
+import net.minecraftforge.common.util.ForgeDirection;
 
 public final class CompactCtmQuadProcessor {
 
@@ -52,29 +53,33 @@ public final class CompactCtmQuadProcessor {
         this.override = compact;
     }
 
-    public boolean processFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, IIcon origIcon) {
-        if(renderBlockState instanceof BlockOrientation blockOrientation){
-            blockOrientation.setFlipBottom();
+    public boolean processFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, IIcon origIcon, int face) {
+        boolean shouldFlip = face == ForgeDirection.DOWN.ordinal();
+        if(ForgeDirection.OPPOSITES[face] == renderBlockState.getBlockFace()){
+            shouldFlip = !shouldFlip;
+        }
+        if(shouldFlip && renderBlockState instanceof BlockOrientation blockOrientation){
+            blockOrientation.flipFace();
         }
         int neighborBits = override.getNeighborBits(renderBlockState, origIcon);
 
         int ctmIndex = TileOverride.neighborMap[neighborBits & 0xFF];
         IIcon replacement = getReplacementIcon(ctmIndex);
         if (replacement != null) {
-            renderWholeFace(rb, renderBlockState, replacement);
+            renderWholeFace(rb, renderBlockState, replacement, face);
             return true;
         }
 
         if (neighborBits == 0 || neighborBits == 0xFF) {
             IIcon sprite = sprites[getCompactSpriteIndex(neighborBits)];
             if (sprite != null) {
-                renderWholeFace(rb, renderBlockState, sprite);
+                renderWholeFace(rb, renderBlockState, sprite, face);
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
 
-        renderSplitFace(rb, renderBlockState, neighborBits);
+        renderSplitFace(rb, renderBlockState, neighborBits, face);
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -117,8 +122,7 @@ public final class CompactCtmQuadProcessor {
         return SPRITE_DEFAULT;
     }
 
-    private void renderSplitFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, int connections) {
-        final int face = renderBlockState.getBlockFace();
+    private void renderSplitFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, int connections, int face) {
 
         final double minX = rb.renderMinX, minY = rb.renderMinY, minZ = rb.renderMinZ;
         final double maxX = rb.renderMaxX, maxY = rb.renderMaxY, maxZ = rb.renderMaxZ;
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ public final class CompactCtmQuadProcessor {
             }
             setQuadrantBounds(rb, face, q, minX, minY, minZ, maxX, maxY, maxZ);
             rb.overrideBlockTexture = icon;
-            renderFace(rb, renderBlockState, icon);
+            renderFace(rb, renderBlockState, icon, face);
         }
 
         if (ao) {
@@ -219,18 +223,17 @@ public final class CompactCtmQuadProcessor {
         return (sky << 16) | (block & 0xFFFF);
     }
 
-    private void renderWholeFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, IIcon icon) {
+    private void renderWholeFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, IIcon icon, int face) {
         IIcon saved = rb.overrideBlockTexture;
         rb.overrideBlockTexture = icon;
         try {
-            renderFace(rb, renderBlockState, icon);
+            renderFace(rb, renderBlockState, icon, face);
         } finally {
             rb.overrideBlockTexture = saved;
         }
     }
 
-    private void renderFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, IIcon icon) {
-        int face = renderBlockState.getBlockFace();
+    private void renderFace(RenderBlocks rb, RenderBlockState renderBlockState, IIcon icon, int face) {
         Block block = renderBlockState.getBlock();
         int x = renderBlockState.getX();
         int y = renderBlockState.getY();

src/main/java/com/prupe/mcpatcher/ctm/GeneratedCTMAtlasSprite.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package com.prupe.mcpatcher.ctm;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
+import com.prupe.mcpatcher.mal.tile.TileLoader;
+import cpw.mods.fml.relauncher.Side;
+import cpw.mods.fml.relauncher.SideOnly;
+import jss.notfine.render.InterpolatedIcon;
+import net.minecraft.client.resources.IResource;
+import net.minecraft.client.resources.IResourceManager;
+import net.minecraft.client.resources.SimpleResource;
+import net.minecraft.client.resources.data.AnimationMetadataSection;
+import net.minecraft.util.ResourceLocation;
+
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+
+@SideOnly(Side.CLIENT)
+public class GeneratedCTMAtlasSprite extends InterpolatedIcon {
+
+    private final TileLoader loader;
+    private final boolean aniFiltering;
+    private boolean interpolated;
+
+    public GeneratedCTMAtlasSprite(TileLoader loader, boolean aniFiltering, String name) {
+        super(name);
+        this.loader = loader;
+        this.aniFiltering = aniFiltering;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void updateAnimationInterpolated() throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
+        if(interpolated) super.updateAnimationInterpolated();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasCustomLoader(IResourceManager manager, ResourceLocation location) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean load(IResourceManager manager, ResourceLocation location) {
+        BufferedImage img = loader.getImageForPath(location);
+        if(img == null) return true;
+        try {
+            ResourceLocation metaLoc = getMetaLoc(location);
+            IResource iresource = manager.getResource(metaLoc);
+            AnimationMetadataSection anim = (AnimationMetadataSection)iresource.getMetadata("animation");
+            interpolated = anim != null && AngelicaConfig.enableNotFineFeatures && shouldInterpolate(iresource);
+            loadSprite(new BufferedImage[]{img, null, null, null, null}, anim, aniFiltering);
+        }catch (Exception exception){
+            CTMUtils.logger.error("Error loading sprite for " + location);
+            exception.printStackTrace();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean shouldInterpolate(IResource resource){
+        try {
+            if (resource instanceof SimpleResource simple) {
+                return simple.mcmetaJson.getAsJsonObject("animation")
+                    .getAsJsonPrimitive("interpolate").getAsBoolean();
+            }
+        }catch (Exception _){}
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the mcmeta file associated with 0.png
+     */
+    private static ResourceLocation getMetaLoc(ResourceLocation location) {
+        String path = location.getResourcePath();
+        int index = path.lastIndexOf('/');
+        if(index == -1) return new ResourceLocation(location.getResourceDomain(), "0.png");
+        path = path.substring(0, index) + "/0.png";
+        return new ResourceLocation(location.getResourceDomain(), path);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/prupe/mcpatcher/ctm/TileOverride.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import static com.prupe.mcpatcher.ctm.RenderBlockState.CONNECT_BY_MATERIAL;
 import static com.prupe.mcpatcher.ctm.RenderBlockState.CONNECT_BY_TILE;
 import static com.prupe.mcpatcher.ctm.RenderBlockState.NORMALS;
 
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.BitSet;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -32,10 +33,10 @@ public abstract class TileOverride implements Comparable<TileOverride> {
 
     private static final MCLogger logger = MCLogger.getLogger(MCLogger.Category.CONNECTED_TEXTURES, "CTM");
 
-    private final PropertiesFile properties;
+    protected final PropertiesFile properties;
     private final String baseFilename;
-    private final TileLoader tileLoader;
-    private final int renderPass;
+    protected final TileLoader tileLoader;
+    protected final int renderPass;
     private final int weight;
     private final List<BlockStateMatcher> matchBlocks;
     private final Set<String> matchTiles;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ public abstract class TileOverride implements Comparable<TileOverride> {
     private final BitSet biomes;
     private final BitSet height;
 
-    private final List<ResourceLocation> tileNames = new ArrayList<>();
+    protected final List<ResourceLocation> tileNames = new ArrayList<>();
     protected IIcon[] icons;
 
     // Index into this array is formed from these bit values:
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ public abstract class TileOverride implements Comparable<TileOverride> {
             case "sandstone", "top" -> override = new TileOverrideImpl.Top(properties, tileLoader);
             case "repeat", "pattern" -> override = new TileOverrideImpl.Repeat(properties, tileLoader);
             case "ctm_compact", "compact" -> override = new TileOverrideImpl.CTMCompact(properties, tileLoader);
+            case "compact_expanded" -> override = new TileOverrideImpl.CTMCompactExpanded(properties, tileLoader);
             default -> properties.error("unknown method \"%s\"", method);
         }
 
@@ -196,7 +198,12 @@ public abstract class TileOverride implements Comparable<TileOverride> {
         return tileLoader.preloadTile(resource, renderPass > RenderPassAPI.MAX_BASE_RENDER_PASS);
     }
 
-    private void loadIcons() {
+    public void addIcon(ResourceLocation resource, BufferedImage img){
+        tileNames.add(resource);
+        tileLoader.addTile(resource, img, null, true);
+    }
+
+    protected void loadIcons() {
         tileNames.clear();
         String tileList = properties.getString("tiles", "");
         ResourceLocation blankResource = RenderPassAPI.instance.getBlankResource(renderPass);
@@ -221,16 +228,7 @@ public abstract class TileOverride implements Comparable<TileOverride> {
                     try {
                         int from = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1));
                         int to = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(2));
-                        for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
-                            ResourceLocation resource = TileLoader
-                                .parseTileAddress(properties.getResource(), String.valueOf(i), blankResource);
-                            if (TexturePackAPI.hasResource(resource)) {
-                                addIcon(resource);
-                            } else {
-                                properties.warning("could not find image %s", resource);
-                                tileNames.add(null);
-                            }
-                        }
+                        loadOverrideIcons(from, to, blankResource);
                     } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                         e.printStackTrace();
                     }
@@ -250,6 +248,19 @@ public abstract class TileOverride implements Comparable<TileOverride> {
         }
     }
 
+    protected void loadOverrideIcons(int from, int to, ResourceLocation blankResource){
+        for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
+            ResourceLocation resource = TileLoader
+                .parseTileAddress(properties.getResource(), String.valueOf(i), blankResource);
+            if (TexturePackAPI.hasResource(resource)) {
+                addIcon(resource);
+            } else {
+                properties.warning("could not find image %s", resource);
+                tileNames.add(null);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private List<BlockStateMatcher> getBlockList(String property, String defaultMetadata) {
         List<BlockStateMatcher> blocks = new ArrayList<>();
         if (!MCPatcherUtils.isNullOrEmpty(defaultMetadata)) {