From 9493d630a0510701ace2b8ba09bb5f4e27808d22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason Mitchell <mitchej@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 2026 13:42:32 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] Emulate clip distances on devices without them (#2348)

---
 .../angelica/config/SystemProperties.java     |   1 +
 .../angelica/glsm/ClipPlaneBooleanState.java  |  11 +
 .../angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java   |  10 +-
 .../gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCaps.java |   5 +-
 .../angelica/glsm/GLSMEnable.java             |   2 -
 .../angelica/glsm/GLSMRasterizer.java         |   8 +
 .../angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java           |  13 +-
 .../angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipDistanceGlsl.java   |  17 ++
 .../angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentKey.java        |   4 +
 .../glsm/ffp/FragmentShaderGenerator.java     |   6 +
 .../angelica/glsm/ffp/Uniforms.java           |   5 +-
 .../angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexKey.java          |   6 +-
 .../glsm/ffp/VertexShaderGenerator.java       |  14 +-
 .../angelica/glsm/hooks/GLSMHooks.java        |   2 +
 .../hooks/events/ClipPlanesInUseEvent.java    |   5 +
 .../angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMOwners.java    |  32 +--
 .../angelica/glsm/states/BooleanState.java    |   8 +-
 .../angelica/glsm/states/ClipPlaneState.java  |  14 +-
 .../angelica/glsm/GLESCapsTest.java           |  21 +-
 .../angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipPlaneGLTest.java    | 124 +++++++++
 .../ffp/FFPUniformBlockSpirvLayoutTest.java   |  25 ++
 .../glsm/ffp/FfpUniformBlockDedupTest.java    |  18 +-
 .../glsm/testutil/ClipTestSupport.java        |  37 +++
 .../lwjgl3/Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend.java         |   2 +-
 .../angelica/lwjgl3/GlesSmokeTest.java        |  35 ++-
 scripts/flyby-scenes/clip-planes.txt          |   8 +
 .../angelica/sdlgpu/SDLGPURenderBackend.java  |  96 ++++++-
 .../angelica/sdlgpu/device/Device.java        |  45 +++-
 .../angelica/sdlgpu/frame/ContextState.java   |   2 +
 .../sdlgpu/pipeline/PipelineApplier.java      |  98 ++++++-
 .../angelica/sdlgpu/shader/ShaderManager.java |  95 ++++++-
 .../angelica/sdlgpu/shader/UniformNames.java  |  25 ++
 .../sdlgpu/device/DeviceLifecycleGpuTest.java |  10 +
 .../angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlFfpTest.java  |  25 ++
 .../sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlUniformArrayTest.java  | 246 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../angelica/common/BlockClipPlaneTest.java   |  34 +++
 .../common/TileEntityClipPlaneTest.java       |  11 +
 .../angelica/iris/IrisGLSMBridge.java         |  12 +-
 .../angelica/proxy/ClientProxy.java           |   4 +
 .../angelica/proxy/CommonProxy.java           |   4 +
 .../rendering/ClipPlaneTestRenderer.java      |  41 +++
 .../DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.java       | 240 +++++++++++------
 .../pipeline/transform/CommonTransformer.java |  34 ++-
 .../pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformer.java |   2 +-
 .../pipeline/transform/TransformPatcher.java  |  10 +-
 .../parameter/AttributeParameters.java        |  11 +-
 .../AttributeTransformerLinkGLTest.java       |   2 +-
 .../AttributeTransformerInstancedTest.java    |  52 ++++
 .../ShaderTransformerDiskCacheTest.java       |  21 ++
 49 files changed, 1359 insertions(+), 194 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipDistanceGlsl.java
 create mode 100644 glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/events/ClipPlanesInUseEvent.java
 create mode 100644 glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipPlaneGLTest.java
 create mode 100644 glsm/src/testFixtures/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/testutil/ClipTestSupport.java
 create mode 100644 scripts/flyby-scenes/clip-planes.txt
 create mode 100644 sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/UniformNames.java
 create mode 100644 sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlUniformArrayTest.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/BlockClipPlaneTest.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/TileEntityClipPlaneTest.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/ClipPlaneTestRenderer.java

diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/config/SystemProperties.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/config/SystemProperties.java
index 519c35e51..c9a933741 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/config/SystemProperties.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/config/SystemProperties.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ public final class SystemProperties {
     public static final String GL_PROFILE = System.getProperty("angelica.glProfile", "");
     public static final boolean DISABLE_NVIDIA_WORKAROUND = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.disableNvidiaWorkaround");
     public static final boolean DISABLE_LTW_WORKAROUND = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.disableLtwWorkaround");
+    public static final boolean EMULATE_CLIP_DISTANCES = Boolean.getBoolean("angelica.emulateClipDistances");
 
     // Redirector
     public static final UnmappedGLMode UNMAPPED_GL = parseEnum("angelica.unmappedGL", UnmappedGLMode.WARN, UnmappedGLMode.WARN, UnmappedGLMode.class);
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ClipPlaneBooleanState.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ClipPlaneBooleanState.java
index cc40d7d80..604b06b66 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ClipPlaneBooleanState.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ClipPlaneBooleanState.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.stacks.BooleanStateStack;
 
 public final class ClipPlaneBooleanState extends BooleanStateStack {
@@ -13,12 +14,22 @@ public final class ClipPlaneBooleanState extends BooleanStateStack {
         this.index = index;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected boolean forwardsToBackend() {
+        return !RenderSystem.isClipDistanceEmulated();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected void onEnabledChanged() {
+        final int before = owner.clipPlaneEnabledMask;
         if (isEnabled()) {
             owner.clipPlaneEnabledMask |= (1 << index);
         } else {
             owner.clipPlaneEnabledMask &= ~(1 << index);
         }
+        owner.clipPlaneGeneration++;
+        if ((before == 0) != (owner.clipPlaneEnabledMask == 0) && RenderSystem.isClipDistanceEmulated() && GLSMHooks.CLIP_PLANES_IN_USE.hasListeners()) {
+            GLSMHooks.CLIP_PLANES_IN_USE.post(GLSMHooks.clipPlanesInUseEvent);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java
index e5e539f62..20e11fc8b 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/CompatUniformManager.java
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             final int cpGen = glCtx.clipPlaneGeneration;
             if (cpGen != pu.lastClipPlaneGen) {
                 pu.lastClipPlaneGen = cpGen;
-                uploadClipPlanes(locs);
+                uploadClipPlanes(locs, glCtx.clipPlaneEnabledMask);
             }
         }
 
@@ -468,16 +468,14 @@ public class CompatUniformManager {
             RENDER_BACKEND.uniform1f(locs[LOC_MAT_BASE + MF_SHININESS], mat.shininess);
     }
 
-    private static void uploadClipPlanes(int[] locs) {
+    private static void uploadClipPlanes(int[] locs, int enabledMask) {
         if (locs[LOC_CLIP_PLANES_ENABLED] != -1) {
-            RENDER_BACKEND.uniform1i(locs[LOC_CLIP_PLANES_ENABLED], GLSMRasterizer.anyClipPlaneEnabled() ? 1 : 0);
+            RENDER_BACKEND.uniform1i(locs[LOC_CLIP_PLANES_ENABLED], enabledMask != 0 ? 1 : 0);
         }
         if (locs[LOC_CLIP_PLANES] != -1) {
             final ClipPlaneState cps = GLSMRasterizer.getClipPlaneState();
             clipPlaneBuf.clear();
-            for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES; i++) {
-                cps.putEyePlane(i, clipPlaneBuf);
-            }
+            cps.putEffectivePlanes(enabledMask, clipPlaneBuf);
             clipPlaneBuf.flip();
             RENDER_BACKEND.uniform4(locs[LOC_CLIP_PLANES], clipPlaneBuf);
         }
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCaps.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCaps.java
index 7f6edaaea..f507c0343 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCaps.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCaps.java
@@ -11,11 +11,8 @@ public final class GLESCaps {
 
     private GLESCaps() {}
 
-    public static boolean isCapAllowed(int cap, boolean isGLES, boolean hasClipCullDistance) {
+    public static boolean isCapAllowed(int cap, boolean isGLES) {
         if (!isGLES) return true;
-        if (cap >= GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 && cap < GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES) {
-            return hasClipCullDistance;
-        }
         return switch (cap) {
             case GL11.GL_LINE_SMOOTH,
                  GL11.GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH,
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMEnable.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMEnable.java
index 6ecb0c3e1..f2d5ef400 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMEnable.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMEnable.java
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ public final class GLSMEnable {
         // Handle clip planes dynamically (supports up to MAX_CLIP_PLANES)
         if (cap >= GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 && cap < GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + MAX_CLIP_PLANES) {
             glCtx.clipPlaneStates[cap - GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0].enable();
-            glCtx.clipPlaneGeneration++;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -119,7 +118,6 @@ public final class GLSMEnable {
         // Handle clip planes dynamically (supports up to MAX_CLIP_PLANES)
         if (cap >= GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 && cap < GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + MAX_CLIP_PLANES) {
             glCtx.clipPlaneStates[cap - GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0].disable();
-            glCtx.clipPlaneGeneration++;
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMRasterizer.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMRasterizer.java
index b6ffe8038..78a993845 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMRasterizer.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMRasterizer.java
@@ -509,6 +509,14 @@ public final class GLSMRasterizer {
         return glCtx.clipPlaneEnabledMask != 0;
     }
 
+    public static boolean clipEmulationActive() {
+        return RenderSystem.isClipDistanceEmulated() && anyClipPlaneEnabled();
+    }
+
+    public static boolean clipEmulationActive(GLContextState glCtx) {
+        return RenderSystem.isClipDistanceEmulated() && anyClipPlaneEnabled(glCtx);
+    }
+
     public static void glSampleCoverage(float value, boolean invert) {
         if (DisplayListManager.isRecording()) {
             throw DisplayListManager.unsupportedInList("glSampleCoverage");
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java
index 208af9cf7..b433d1d54 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/RenderSystem.java
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class RenderSystem {
     private static volatile boolean isGLES;
     private static volatile int glesVersion;
     private static volatile boolean glesDetected;
-    private static volatile boolean hasClipCullDistance;
+    private static boolean clipDistanceEmulated;
 
     private static volatile boolean isLTW;
     private static volatile boolean ltwDetected;
@@ -132,7 +132,12 @@ public class RenderSystem {
         supportsClearTexture = GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL44 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_clear_texture;
         supportsStencilTexturing = GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL43 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_stencil_texturing;
         supportsTextureStorage = isGLES ? glesVersion >= 300 : GLStateManager.capabilities.OpenGL42 || GLStateManager.capabilities.GL_ARB_texture_storage;
-        hasClipCullDistance = !isGLES || hasExtension("GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance");
+        final boolean esClipExt = !isGLES || hasExtension("GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance");
+        final int maxClipDistances = esClipExt ? RENDER_BACKEND.getInteger(GL30.GL_MAX_CLIP_DISTANCES) : 0;
+        clipDistanceEmulated = SystemProperties.EMULATE_CLIP_DISTANCES || maxClipDistances < GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES;
+        if (clipDistanceEmulated) {
+            GLStateManager.LOGGER.info("Clip distances emulated (GL_MAX_CLIP_DISTANCES={}, forced={})", maxClipDistances, SystemProperties.EMULATE_CLIP_DISTANCES);
+        }
 
         // Cache maximum image units
         if (supportsImageLoadStore) {
@@ -434,8 +439,8 @@ public class RenderSystem {
         return supportsImageLoadStore;
     }
 
-    public static boolean hasClipCullDistance() {
-        return hasClipCullDistance;
+    public static boolean isClipDistanceEmulated() {
+        return clipDistanceEmulated;
     }
 
     private static boolean hasExtension(String name) {
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipDistanceGlsl.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipDistanceGlsl.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61568e1f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipDistanceGlsl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
+
+public final class ClipDistanceGlsl {
+
+    public static final String VS_OUT_DIST0 = "out vec4 angelica_ClipDist0;";
+    public static final String VS_OUT_DIST1 = "out vec4 angelica_ClipDist1;";
+    public static final String FS_IN_DIST0 = "in vec4 angelica_ClipDist0;";
+    public static final String FS_IN_DIST1 = "in vec4 angelica_ClipDist1;";
+    public static final String FS_DISCARD = "if (any(lessThan(angelica_ClipDist0, vec4(0.0))) || any(lessThan(angelica_ClipDist1, vec4(0.0)))) discard;\n";
+
+    private ClipDistanceGlsl() {}
+
+    public static void appendVsAssign(StringBuilder sb, String[] distances) {
+        sb.append("  angelica_ClipDist0 = vec4(").append(distances[0]).append(", ").append(distances[1]).append(", ").append(distances[2]).append(", ").append(distances[3]).append(");\n");
+        sb.append("  angelica_ClipDist1 = vec4(").append(distances[4]).append(", ").append(distances[5]).append(", ").append(distances[6]).append(", ").append(distances[7]).append(");\n");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentKey.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentKey.java
index ba6f5ca0d..82bf93bab 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentKey.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentKey.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLContextState;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMRasterizer;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TexEnvState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureUnitArray;
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
     private static final int GLOBAL_BITS = 14;
     private static final int BIT_COMBINED_GLINT = 61;
     private static final int BIT_GLINT_REPLACE_ALPHA = 62;
+    private static final int BIT_CLIP_DISCARD = 63;
     private static final int BIT_FOG_MODE          = 0;  // 2 bits
     private static final int BIT_ALPHA_TEST        = 2;  // 1 bit
     private static final int BIT_ALPHA_FUNC        = 3;  // 3 bits
@@ -126,6 +128,7 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
         long global = 0;
         if (CombinedGlint.isActive()) global |= 1L << BIT_COMBINED_GLINT;
         if (CombinedGlint.replacesAlpha()) global |= 1L << BIT_GLINT_REPLACE_ALPHA;
+        if (GLSMRasterizer.clipEmulationActive(glCtx)) global |= 1L << BIT_CLIP_DISCARD;
 
         // Fog
         global |= activeFogMode(glCtx);
@@ -259,6 +262,7 @@ public final class FragmentKey {
 
     public int fogMode()              { return (int) (packed[0] & 0x3); }
     public boolean combinedGlint()    { return (packed[0] & (1L << BIT_COMBINED_GLINT)) != 0; }
+    public boolean clipDiscard()      { return (packed[0] & (1L << BIT_CLIP_DISCARD)) != 0; }
     public boolean glintReplaceAlpha() { return (packed[0] & (1L << BIT_GLINT_REPLACE_ALPHA)) != 0; }
     public int textureSupersamplingSamples() { return 1 << (int) ((packed[0] >> BIT_TEXTURE_SUPERSAMPLING) & 0x7); }
     public boolean alphaTestEnabled() { return ((packed[0] >> BIT_ALPHA_TEST) & 1) != 0; }
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentShaderGenerator.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentShaderGenerator.java
index 6fe4e51b2..7540aafdb 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentShaderGenerator.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FragmentShaderGenerator.java
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ public final class FragmentShaderGenerator {
         }
 
         sb.append("void main() {\n");
+        if (key.clipDiscard()) {
+            sb.append(ClipDistanceGlsl.FS_DISCARD);
+        }
         emitLineStipple(sb, key);
         emitTextureSampling(sb, key);
         emitTexEnvChain(sb, key);
@@ -49,6 +52,9 @@ public final class FragmentShaderGenerator {
     private static void emitInputs(StringBuilder sb, FragmentKey key) {
         sb.append("// Inputs from vertex shader\n");
         sb.append("in vec4 v_Color;\n");
+        if (key.clipDiscard()) {
+            sb.append(ClipDistanceGlsl.FS_IN_DIST0).append('\n').append(ClipDistanceGlsl.FS_IN_DIST1).append('\n');
+        }
         if (key.overlayInstanced()) {
             sb.append("in vec4 v_Overlay;\n");
         }
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/Uniforms.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/Uniforms.java
index c50225812..6e2748e94 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/Uniforms.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/Uniforms.java
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLContextState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMBuffers;
-import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.ClipPlaneState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.FogState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.LightState;
@@ -330,9 +329,7 @@ public class Uniforms {
     private void stageClipPlanes(GLContextState glCtx) {
         final ClipPlaneState cps = glCtx.clipPlaneState;
         clipPlaneBuf.clear();
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES; i++) {
-            cps.putEyePlane(i, clipPlaneBuf);
-        }
+        cps.putEffectivePlanes(glCtx.clipPlaneEnabledMask, clipPlaneBuf);
         final long src = memAddress0(clipPlaneBuf);
         for (int i = 0; i < 32 * 4; i += 4) {
             putInt(FFPUniformBlock.CLIP_PLANES + i, memGetInt(src + i));
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexKey.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexKey.java
index 6d72ef2ce..0c10347bd 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexKey.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexKey.java
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLContextState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMCurrentAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMRasterizer;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TexGenState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.states.TextureUnitArray;
 import org.joml.Matrix4f;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ public final class VertexKey {
     private static final int BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0 = BIT_UNIT_TEXMAT_BASE + MAX_UNITS;
     private static final int BIT_LINE_STIPPLE        = BIT_UNIT23_UV_FROM_UNIT0 + 1;
     private static final int BIT_INSTANCING          = BIT_LINE_STIPPLE + 1;
+    private static final int BIT_CLIP_EMULATED       = BIT_INSTANCING + 3;
     private static final long INSTANCING_MASK        = 0x7L;
 
     static {
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ public final class VertexKey {
     public int texGenModeQ()              { return (int)((packed >> BIT_TEXGEN_Q) & 0x7); }
     public boolean texGenEnabled()        { return texGenModeS() != TG_NONE || texGenModeT() != TG_NONE || texGenModeR() != TG_NONE || texGenModeQ() != TG_NONE; }
     public boolean clipPlanesEnabled()    { return bit(BIT_CLIP_PLANES); }
+    public boolean clipEmulated()         { return bit(BIT_CLIP_EMULATED); }
     public boolean lineStipple()          { return bit(BIT_LINE_STIPPLE); }
     public boolean lineQuads()            { return bit(BIT_LINE_QUADS); }
     public Instancing instancing()         { return Instancing.VALUES[(int) ((packed >> BIT_INSTANCING) & INSTANCING_MASK)]; }
@@ -238,6 +241,7 @@ public final class VertexKey {
 
         if (GLSMRasterizer.anyClipPlaneEnabled(glCtx)) {
             bits |= (1L << BIT_CLIP_PLANES);
+            if (RenderSystem.isClipDistanceEmulated()) bits |= 1L << BIT_CLIP_EMULATED;
         }
 
         if (glCtx.lineStippleActive) {
@@ -279,6 +283,6 @@ public final class VertexKey {
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return String.format("FFPVertexKey[0x%012X: lit=%b l0=%b l1=%b cm=%b fog=%b tex=%d%d%d%d texmat=%d%d%d%d col=%b nrm=%b vtex=%b vlm=%b tg=%d/%d/%d/%d clip=%b lquads=%b inst=%s]", packed,lightingEnabled(), lightEnabled(0), lightEnabled(1), colorMaterialEnabled(), fogEnabled(), unitTexCoordEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(3)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(3)?1:0, hasVertexColor(), hasVertexNormal(), hasVertexTexCoord(), hasVertexLightmap(), texGenModeS(), texGenModeT(), texGenModeR(), texGenModeQ(), clipPlanesEnabled(), lineQuads(), instancing());
+        return String.format("FFPVertexKey[0x%012X: lit=%b l0=%b l1=%b cm=%b fog=%b tex=%d%d%d%d texmat=%d%d%d%d col=%b nrm=%b vtex=%b vlm=%b tg=%d/%d/%d/%d clip=%b clipEmu=%b lquads=%b inst=%s]", packed,lightingEnabled(), lightEnabled(0), lightEnabled(1), colorMaterialEnabled(), fogEnabled(), unitTexCoordEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexCoordEnabled(3)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(0)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(1)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(2)?1:0, unitTexMatEnabled(3)?1:0, hasVertexColor(), hasVertexNormal(), hasVertexTexCoord(), hasVertexLightmap(), texGenModeS(), texGenModeT(), texGenModeR(), texGenModeQ(), clipPlanesEnabled(), clipEmulated(), lineQuads(), instancing());
     }
 }
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexShaderGenerator.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexShaderGenerator.java
index d96ecf935..286271930 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexShaderGenerator.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/VertexShaderGenerator.java
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
         if (key.lineStipple()) {
             sb.append("flat out vec2 v_LineStart;\n");
         }
+        if (key.clipEmulated()) {
+            sb.append(ClipDistanceGlsl.VS_OUT_DIST0).append('\n').append(ClipDistanceGlsl.VS_OUT_DIST1).append('\n');
+        }
         if (key.separateSpecular()) {
             sb.append("out vec3 v_SpecularColor;\n");
         }
@@ -398,10 +401,19 @@ public final class VertexShaderGenerator {
 
     private static void emitClipDistances(StringBuilder sb, VertexKey key) {
         sb.append("  // Clip distances\n");
+        final boolean emulated = key.clipEmulated();
+        final String[] distances = emulated ? new String[8] : null;
         for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
             final String own = "dot(u_ClipPlane[" + i + "], eyePos)";
             final String distance = key.lineQuads() ? acrossLine(own, "dot(u_ClipPlane[" + i + "], lineEyeOther)") : own;
-            sb.append("  gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = ").append(distance).append(";\n");
+            if (emulated) {
+                distances[i] = distance;
+            } else {
+                sb.append("  gl_ClipDistance[").append(i).append("] = ").append(distance).append(";\n");
+            }
+        }
+        if (emulated) {
+            ClipDistanceGlsl.appendVsAssign(sb, distances);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/GLSMHooks.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/GLSMHooks.java
index 94689f0d3..10d2eb0e3 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/GLSMHooks.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/GLSMHooks.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ public final class GLSMHooks {
     public static final EventBus<ProgramDeleteEvent> PROGRAM_DELETE = EventBus.create(ProgramDeleteEvent.class);
     public static final EventBus<BlendFuncChangeEvent> BLEND_FUNC_CHANGE = EventBus.create(BlendFuncChangeEvent.class);
     public static final EventBus<FogStateChangeEvent> FOG_STATE_CHANGE = EventBus.create(FogStateChangeEvent.class);
+    public static final EventBus<ClipPlanesInUseEvent> CLIP_PLANES_IN_USE = EventBus.create(ClipPlanesInUseEvent.class);
     public static final EventBus<LightmapCoordsEvent> LIGHTMAP_COORDS = EventBus.create(LightmapCoordsEvent.class);
     public static final EventBus<AlphaStateChangeEvent> ALPHA_STATE_CHANGE = EventBus.create(AlphaStateChangeEvent.class);
     public static final EventBus<ShaderColorChangeEvent> SHADER_COLOR_CHANGE = EventBus.create(ShaderColorChangeEvent.class);
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ public final class GLSMHooks {
     public static final ProgramDeleteEvent programDeleteEvent = new ProgramDeleteEvent();
     public static final BlendFuncChangeEvent blendFuncChangeEvent = new BlendFuncChangeEvent();
     public static final FogStateChangeEvent fogStateChangeEvent = new FogStateChangeEvent();
+    public static final ClipPlanesInUseEvent clipPlanesInUseEvent = new ClipPlanesInUseEvent();
     public static final LightmapCoordsEvent lightmapCoordsEvent = new LightmapCoordsEvent();
     public static final AlphaStateChangeEvent alphaStateChangeEvent = new AlphaStateChangeEvent();
     public static final ShaderColorChangeEvent shaderColorChangeEvent = new ShaderColorChangeEvent();
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/events/ClipPlanesInUseEvent.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/events/ClipPlanesInUseEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4cd2ba40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/hooks/events/ClipPlanesInUseEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.events;
+
+import net.minecraftforge.eventbus.api.event.MutableEvent;
+
+public final class ClipPlanesInUseEvent extends MutableEvent {}
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMOwners.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMOwners.java
index 8201d07ae..fee2456a0 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMOwners.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/redirect/GLSMOwners.java
@@ -106,22 +106,22 @@ final class GLSMOwners {
             "glGetIntegeri", "glGetIntegeri_v", "glGetQueryObjecti", "glGetQueryObjectui", "glGetQueryObjectui64",
             "glGetString", "glGetStringi", "glIsQuery", "glQueryCounter"},
         {"com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMRasterizer",
-            "anyClipPlaneEnabled", "disableCull", "disableScissorTest", "enableCull", "enableScissorTest",
-            "getAutoNormalState", "getClipPlaneState", "getClipPlaneStates", "getCullState", "getDitherState",
-            "getEdgeFlagState", "getHintState", "getLineSmoothState", "getLineState", "getLineStippleState",
-            "getMap1Color4State", "getMap1IndexState", "getMap1NormalState", "getMap1TextureCoord1State",
-            "getMap1TextureCoord2State", "getMap1TextureCoord3State", "getMap1TextureCoord4State",
-            "getMap1Vertex3State", "getMap1Vertex4State", "getMap2Color4State", "getMap2IndexState",
-            "getMap2NormalState", "getMap2TextureCoord1State", "getMap2TextureCoord2State", "getMap2TextureCoord3State",
-            "getMap2TextureCoord4State", "getMap2Vertex3State", "getMap2Vertex4State", "getMultisampleState",
-            "getPointSmoothState", "getPointSpriteState", "getPointState", "getPolygonOffsetFillState",
-            "getPolygonOffsetLineState", "getPolygonOffsetPointState", "getPolygonSmoothState", "getPolygonState",
-            "getPolygonStippleState", "getSampleAlphaToCoverageState", "getSampleAlphaToOneState",
-            "getSampleCoverageState", "getScissorState", "getScissorTest", "getShadeModelState", "getViewportState",
-            "glClipPlane", "glCullFace", "glFrontFace", "glGetClipPlane", "glHint", "glLineStipple", "glLineWidth",
-            "glPointParameter", "glPointParameterf", "glPointParameteri", "glPointSize", "glPolygonMode",
-            "glPolygonOffset", "glPolygonOffsetClamp", "glPolygonStipple", "glSampleCoverage", "glScissor",
-            "glShadeModel", "glViewport"},
+            "anyClipPlaneEnabled", "clipEmulationActive", "disableCull", "disableScissorTest", "enableCull",
+            "enableScissorTest", "getAutoNormalState", "getClipPlaneState", "getClipPlaneStates", "getCullState",
+            "getDitherState", "getEdgeFlagState", "getHintState", "getLineSmoothState", "getLineState",
+            "getLineStippleState", "getMap1Color4State", "getMap1IndexState", "getMap1NormalState",
+            "getMap1TextureCoord1State", "getMap1TextureCoord2State", "getMap1TextureCoord3State",
+            "getMap1TextureCoord4State", "getMap1Vertex3State", "getMap1Vertex4State", "getMap2Color4State",
+            "getMap2IndexState", "getMap2NormalState", "getMap2TextureCoord1State", "getMap2TextureCoord2State",
+            "getMap2TextureCoord3State", "getMap2TextureCoord4State", "getMap2Vertex3State", "getMap2Vertex4State",
+            "getMultisampleState", "getPointSmoothState", "getPointSpriteState", "getPointState",
+            "getPolygonOffsetFillState", "getPolygonOffsetLineState", "getPolygonOffsetPointState",
+            "getPolygonSmoothState", "getPolygonState", "getPolygonStippleState", "getSampleAlphaToCoverageState",
+            "getSampleAlphaToOneState", "getSampleCoverageState", "getScissorState", "getScissorTest",
+            "getShadeModelState", "getViewportState", "glClipPlane", "glCullFace", "glFrontFace", "glGetClipPlane",
+            "glHint", "glLineStipple", "glLineWidth", "glPointParameter", "glPointParameterf", "glPointParameteri",
+            "glPointSize", "glPolygonMode", "glPolygonOffset", "glPolygonOffsetClamp", "glPolygonStipple",
+            "glSampleCoverage", "glScissor", "glShadeModel", "glViewport"},
         {"com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLSMTexEnvGen",
             "glGetTexEnv", "glGetTexEnvf", "glGetTexEnvi", "glGetTexGen", "glGetTexGend", "glGetTexGenf",
             "glGetTexGeni", "glTexEnv", "glTexEnvf", "glTexEnvi", "glTexGen", "glTexGend", "glTexGenf", "glTexGeni"},
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/BooleanState.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/BooleanState.java
index 669488c99..2015ca421 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/BooleanState.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/BooleanState.java
@@ -23,8 +23,12 @@ public class BooleanState implements ISettableState<BooleanState> {
         this.ffpStateOnly = ffpStateOnly;
     }
 
+    protected boolean forwardsToBackend() {
+        return !ffpStateOnly;
+    }
+
     public void applyToBackend() {
-        if (ffpStateOnly) return;
+        if (!forwardsToBackend()) return;
         if (enabled) {
             RENDER_BACKEND.enable(glCap);
         } else {
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ public class BooleanState implements ISettableState<BooleanState> {
             stateUnknown = false;
             this.enabled = enabled;
             onEnabledChanged();
-            if (!ffpStateOnly) {
+            if (forwardsToBackend()) {
                 if (enabled) {
                     RENDER_BACKEND.enable(this.glCap);
                 } else {
diff --git a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/ClipPlaneState.java b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/ClipPlaneState.java
index 27c91d2ef..dda6a5c42 100644
--- a/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/ClipPlaneState.java
+++ b/glsm/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/states/ClipPlaneState.java
@@ -27,10 +27,16 @@ public class ClipPlaneState {
         dest[3] = tempPlane.w;
     }
 
-    /** Writes the 4-component eye-space plane equation into {@code buf} at its current position. */
-    public void putEyePlane(int index, FloatBuffer buf) {
-        final float[] p = eyePlanes[index];
-        buf.put(p[0]).put(p[1]).put(p[2]).put(p[3]);
+    // Vulkan and clip emulation have no per-distance enable: a disabled plane must read as distance 0.
+    public void putEffectivePlanes(int enabledMask, FloatBuffer buf) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < eyePlanes.length; i++) {
+            if ((enabledMask & (1 << i)) != 0) {
+                final float[] p = eyePlanes[i];
+                buf.put(p[0]).put(p[1]).put(p[2]).put(p[3]);
+            } else {
+                buf.put(0f).put(0f).put(0f).put(0f);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     public void getEyePlane(int index, DoubleBuffer buf) {
diff --git a/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCapsTest.java b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCapsTest.java
index c3b875e39..d48aa824e 100644
--- a/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCapsTest.java
+++ b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/GLESCapsTest.java
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class GLESCapsTest {
     };
 
     private static boolean onGles(int cap) {
-        return GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, true, true);
+        return GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, true);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -60,25 +60,10 @@ class GLESCapsTest {
     @Test
     void desktopContextAllowsEveryCap() {
         for (int cap : DESKTOP_ONLY) {
-            assertTrue(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, false, false), () -> "cap 0x" + Integer.toHexString(cap) + " is legal on desktop core and the gate must never suppress it there");
+            assertTrue(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, false), () -> "cap 0x" + Integer.toHexString(cap) + " is legal on desktop core and the gate must never suppress it there");
         }
         for (int cap : VALID_ON_GLES) {
-            assertTrue(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, false, false));
+            assertTrue(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, false));
         }
     }
-
-    @Test
-    void clipPlanesFollowClipCullDistance() {
-        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES; i++) {
-            final int cap = GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + i;
-            assertTrue(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, true, true), () -> "clip plane " + cap + " works where EXT_clip_cull_distance is present and must not be suppressed");
-            assertFalse(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, true, false), () -> "clip plane " + cap + " is invalid on GLES without EXT_clip_cull_distance");
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void capsOutsideTheClipPlaneRangeAreUnaffectedByClipCullDistance() {
-        assertTrue(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(GL11.GL_BLEND, true, false));
-        assertTrue(GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES, true, false));
-    }
 }
diff --git a/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipPlaneGLTest.java b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipPlaneGLTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6872d09b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/ClipPlaneGLTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLCoreTest;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMAttribStack;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMBuffers;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMCurrentAttribs;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMDraws;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMEnable;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMMatrices;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMRasterizer;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMVertexInput;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.ClipTestSupport;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
+
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+@GLCoreTest
+class ClipPlaneGLTest {
+
+    private static final int SIZE = 64;
+    private static final int BACKGROUND = 0xFF000000;
+    private static final int QUAD = 0xFF0000FF;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        FfpFixture.resetFfpState();
+        FfpFixture.activateFfp();
+        GLSMRasterizer.glViewport(0, 0, SIZE, SIZE);
+        GLSMMatrices.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_PROJECTION);
+        GLSMMatrices.glLoadIdentity();
+        GLSMMatrices.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_MODELVIEW);
+        GLSMMatrices.glLoadIdentity();
+        GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES; i++) {
+            GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + i);
+        }
+        FfpFixture.resetFfpState();
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "emulated={0}")
+    @ValueSource(booleans = {false, true})
+    void disabledPlaneDoesNotClip(boolean emulated) {
+        try (var ignored = ClipTestSupport.emulation(emulated)) {
+            ClipTestSupport.setPlane(1, 0, 0, 0, -1);
+            GLSMEnable.glEnable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE1);
+            GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE1);
+            ClipTestSupport.setPlane(0, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+            GLSMEnable.glEnable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+            assertRightHalfOnly(drawQuad(), "plane1 disabled, plane0 enabled");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "emulated={0}")
+    @ValueSource(booleans = {false, true})
+    void attribPopRestoresClipping(boolean emulated) {
+        try (var ignored = ClipTestSupport.emulation(emulated)) {
+            ClipTestSupport.setPlane(0, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+            GLSMEnable.glEnable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+            assertDriverClipPlane0(!emulated, "after glEnable");
+            GLSMAttribStack.glPushAttrib(GL11.GL_ENABLE_BIT);
+            GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+            final int[] unclipped = drawQuad();
+            GLSMAttribStack.glPopAttrib();
+            assertDriverClipPlane0(!emulated, "after glPopAttrib");
+            GLSMAttribStack.replayStateToBackend();
+            assertDriverClipPlane0(!emulated, "after replayStateToBackend");
+            final int[] restored = drawQuad();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < unclipped.length; i++) {
+                final int px = i;
+                assertEquals(QUAD, unclipped[i], () -> "plane disabled inside the pushed scope, pixel " + px % SIZE + "," + px / SIZE);
+            }
+            assertRightHalfOnly(restored, "after glPopAttrib");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertDriverClipPlane0(boolean expected, String when) {
+        assertEquals(expected, GL11.glIsEnabled(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0), () -> when + ": clip plane reaches the driver only when clip distances are native");
+    }
+
+    private static void assertRightHalfOnly(int[] pixels, String what) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++) {
+            final int x = i % SIZE, y = i / SIZE;
+            assertEquals(x < SIZE / 2 ? BACKGROUND : QUAD, pixels[i], () -> what + ": first mismatch at pixel " + x + "," + y);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int[] drawQuad() {
+        final int vao = GLSMVertexInput.glGenVertexArrays();
+        GLSMVertexInput.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        final int vbo = GLSMBuffers.glGenBuffers();
+        try {
+            GLSMBuffers.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            final FloatBuffer positions = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(18);
+            positions.put(new float[] { -1, -1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0 }).flip();
+            GLSMBuffers.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, positions, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            FfpFixture.attrib(0, 3, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false, 12, 0);
+            GLSMBuffers.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+            VAOManager.setCurrentVertexFlags(0);
+
+            FfpFixture.clear();
+            GLSMCurrentAttribs.glColor4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+            GLSMDraws.glDrawArrays(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
+            GLSMVertexInput.glBindVertexArray(0);
+            return FfpFixture.readRegion(SIZE);
+        } finally {
+            GLSMBuffers.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
+            GLSMVertexInput.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FFPUniformBlockSpirvLayoutTest.java b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FFPUniformBlockSpirvLayoutTest.java
index 89fa0effc..c555200a5 100644
--- a/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FFPUniformBlockSpirvLayoutTest.java
+++ b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FFPUniformBlockSpirvLayoutTest.java
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 import org.lwjgl.PointerBuffer;
 import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
 import org.lwjgl.util.shaderc.Shaderc;
@@ -55,6 +56,30 @@ class FFPUniformBlockSpirvLayoutTest {
         MemoryUtil.memFree(result.spirv());
     }
 
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "emulated={0}")
+    @ValueSource(booleans = {false, true})
+    void clipDistanceCapabilityFollowsEmulation(boolean emulated) {
+        long vbits = bit("BIT_CLIP_PLANES");
+        if (emulated) vbits |= bit("BIT_CLIP_EMULATED");
+        final String vs = VertexShaderGenerator.generate(VertexKey.fromPacked(vbits));
+        assertEquals(!emulated, declaresClipDistance(vs, Shaderc.shaderc_vertex_shader), "vertex ClipDistance capability");
+    }
+
+    private static boolean declaresClipDistance(String glsl, int shaderKind) {
+        final SpirvCompiler.Result result = SpirvCompiler.compile(glsl, shaderKind, "clip-emulation-test", SpirvCompiler.Options.vulkanForced460Core());
+        assertNotNull(result.spirv(), () -> "SPIR-V compile failed: " + result.error() + "\n" + glsl);
+        try {
+            final IntBuffer words = result.spirv().asIntBuffer();
+            for (int i = 5; i < words.limit(); i += Math.max(1, words.get(i) >>> 16)) {
+                final int word = words.get(i);
+                if ((word & 0xFFFF) == 17 && words.get(i + 1) == 32) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(result.spirv());
+        }
+    }
+
     private static VertexKey cubeKey(boolean lightmapUnit, boolean unit0TextureMatrix, boolean texGen) {
         long bits = bit("BIT_HAS_VERTEX_COLOR") | bit("BIT_HAS_VERTEX_NORMAL") | bit("BIT_HAS_VERTEX_TEX") | bit("BIT_UNIT_TEX_BASE");
         if (lightmapUnit) bits |= 1L << (position("BIT_UNIT_TEX_BASE") + 1);
diff --git a/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FfpUniformBlockDedupTest.java b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FfpUniformBlockDedupTest.java
index e1553bc3f..1f3d7f845 100644
--- a/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FfpUniformBlockDedupTest.java
+++ b/glsm/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/ffp/FfpUniformBlockDedupTest.java
@@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLCoreTest;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMCurrentAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMDepthStencilAlpha;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMEnable;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMFog;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMLighting;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMMatrices;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMRasterizer;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMTexEnvGen;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.ClipTestSupport;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestFactory;
-import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL30;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL31;
 
-import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -32,12 +32,6 @@ class FfpUniformBlockDedupTest {
         return GL30.glGetInteger(GL31.GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_START, FFPUniformBlock.BINDING_POINT);
     }
 
-    private static DoubleBuffer doubles(double... values) {
-        final DoubleBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createDoubleBuffer(values.length);
-        buf.put(values).flip();
-        return buf;
-    }
-
     private static void resetState() {
         GLSMMatrices.glMatrixMode(GL11.GL_TEXTURE);
         GLSMMatrices.glLoadIdentity();
@@ -58,7 +52,8 @@ class FfpUniformBlockDedupTest {
         GLSMLighting.glLight(GL11.GL_LIGHT0, GL11.GL_DIFFUSE, floats(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
         GLSMLighting.glMaterialf(GL11.GL_FRONT, GL11.GL_SHININESS, 0.0f);
         GLSMTexEnvGen.glTexGen(GL11.GL_S, GL11.GL_OBJECT_PLANE, floats(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
-        GLSMRasterizer.glClipPlane(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0, doubles(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+        GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+        ClipTestSupport.setPlane(0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         GLSMRasterizer.glLineStipple(1, (short) 0xFFFF);
         GLSMRasterizer.glViewport(0, 0, 854, 480);
     }
@@ -149,7 +144,10 @@ class FfpUniformBlockDedupTest {
         addCategory(tests, "currentTexCoord", () -> GLSMCurrentAttribs.glTexCoord2f(0.125f, 0.375f));
         addCategory(tests, "lightmapCoord", () -> GLStateManager.ctx().lastBrightnessX = 96.0f);
         addCategory(tests, "texGenPlane", () -> GLSMTexEnvGen.glTexGen(GL11.GL_S, GL11.GL_OBJECT_PLANE, floats(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f)));
-        addCategory(tests, "clipPlane", () -> GLSMRasterizer.glClipPlane(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0, doubles(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 7.0)));
+        addCategory(tests, "clipPlane", () -> {
+            GLSMEnable.glEnable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+            ClipTestSupport.setPlane(0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 7.0);
+        });
         addCategory(tests, "alphaRef", () -> GLSMDepthStencilAlpha.glAlphaFunc(GL11.GL_GREATER, 0.35f));
         addCategory(tests, "fogColor", () -> GLSMFog.glFog(GL11.GL_FOG_COLOR, floats(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f, 0.4f)));
         addCategory(tests, "fogDensity", () -> GLSMFog.glFogf(GL11.GL_FOG_DENSITY, 0.75f));
diff --git a/glsm/src/testFixtures/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/testutil/ClipTestSupport.java b/glsm/src/testFixtures/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/testutil/ClipTestSupport.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c542f9287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glsm/src/testFixtures/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/glsm/testutil/ClipTestSupport.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMRasterizer;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+
+import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
+
+public final class ClipTestSupport {
+
+    private ClipTestSupport() {}
+
+    public static void setPlane(int index, double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+        final DoubleBuffer eq = BufferUtils.createDoubleBuffer(4);
+        eq.put(a).put(b).put(c).put(d).flip();
+        GLSMRasterizer.glClipPlane(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + index, eq);
+    }
+
+    public static Emulation emulation(boolean emulated) {
+        return new Emulation(emulated);
+    }
+
+    public static final class Emulation implements AutoCloseable {
+        private final boolean previous;
+
+        private Emulation(boolean emulated) {
+            previous = Reflect.getStatic(RenderSystem.class, "clipDistanceEmulated");
+            Reflect.setStatic(RenderSystem.class, "clipDistanceEmulated", emulated);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            Reflect.setStatic(RenderSystem.class, "clipDistanceEmulated", previous);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lwjgl3-backend/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend.java b/lwjgl3-backend/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend.java
index db48af785..b1999ebc6 100644
--- a/lwjgl3-backend/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend.java
+++ b/lwjgl3-backend/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend.java
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ public final class Lwjgl3GLRenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
     public void finish() {GL11C.glFinish();}
 
     private static boolean capAllowed(int cap) {
-        return GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, RenderSystem.isGLES(), RenderSystem.hasClipCullDistance());
+        return GLESCaps.isCapAllowed(cap, RenderSystem.isGLES());
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/lwjgl3-backend/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/GlesSmokeTest.java b/lwjgl3-backend/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/GlesSmokeTest.java
index 2b79f23b2..c74c2b057 100644
--- a/lwjgl3-backend/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/GlesSmokeTest.java
+++ b/lwjgl3-backend/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/lwjgl3/GlesSmokeTest.java
@@ -12,11 +12,14 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLStateManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.backend.BackendManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMInitConfig;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.ClipTestSupport;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.DisabledOnOs;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.OS;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11C;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL12C;
@@ -153,6 +156,32 @@ class GlesSmokeTest {
         assertEquals(GL11C.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11C.glGetError());
     }
 
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "emulated={0}")
+    @ValueSource(booleans = {false, true})
+    void clipPlaneKeepsOnlyTheEnabledHalfSpace(boolean emulated) {
+        try (var ignored = ClipTestSupport.emulation(emulated)) {
+            try {
+                bindClearedTarget();
+                ClipTestSupport.setPlane(1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+                ClipTestSupport.setPlane(0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+                GLSMEnable.glEnable(GL30C.GL_CLIP_DISTANCE0);
+                GLSMDraws.glBegin(GL11C.GL_QUADS);
+                GLSMCurrentAttribs.glColor4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+                GLSMDraws.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
+                GLSMDraws.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
+                GLSMDraws.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
+                GLSMDraws.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
+                GLSMDraws.glEnd();
+
+                assertEquals(0xFF000000, readPixel(SIZE / 4, SIZE / 2), "x < 0 must be clipped by plane 0");
+                assertEquals(0xFF00FF00, readPixel(3 * SIZE / 4, SIZE / 2), "x >= 0 must survive; plane 1 set but not enabled must not clip");
+                assertEquals(GL11C.GL_NO_ERROR, GL11C.glGetError());
+            } finally {
+                GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL30C.GL_CLIP_DISTANCE0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     void proxyTextureProbeFindsTheMaxTextureSize() {
         final int maxSize = Integer.highestOneBit(GL11C.glGetInteger(GL11C.GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE));
@@ -173,9 +202,13 @@ class GlesSmokeTest {
     }
 
     private static int readCenterPixel() {
+        return readPixel(SIZE / 2, SIZE / 2);
+    }
+
+    private static int readPixel(int x, int y) {
         final ByteBuffer pixel = MemoryUtil.memAlloc(4);
         try {
-            GLSMFramebuffer.glReadPixels(SIZE / 2, SIZE / 2, 1, 1, GL11C.GL_RGBA, GL11C.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel);
+            GLSMFramebuffer.glReadPixels(x, y, 1, 1, GL11C.GL_RGBA, GL11C.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel);
             return (pixel.get(3) & 0xFF) << 24 | (pixel.get(0) & 0xFF) << 16 | (pixel.get(1) & 0xFF) << 8 | pixel.get(2) & 0xFF;
         } finally {
             MemoryUtil.memFree(pixel);
diff --git a/scripts/flyby-scenes/clip-planes.txt b/scripts/flyby-scenes/clip-planes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..031ba3445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/flyby-scenes/clip-planes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Clip-plane scene for -Dangelica.debug.testBlocks=true. ~ is the flight start, yaw 0 faces south (+z).
+# Each angelica:test_clip_plane TESR keeps only the lower half of a gold cube (plane 0) and leaves a reject-all plane 1 disabled.
+
+gamerule doMobSpawning false
+gamerule doDaylightCycle false
+time set 6000
+
+fill ~-2 ~-1 ~4 ~2 ~0 ~4 angelica:test_clip_plane
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/SDLGPURenderBackend.java b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/SDLGPURenderBackend.java
index 55d36ad12..ceefa04d4 100644
--- a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/SDLGPURenderBackend.java
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/SDLGPURenderBackend.java
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
+import org.lwjgl.util.spvc.Spvc;
 import org.lwjgl.sdl.SDLGPU;
 import org.lwjgl.sdl.SDL_GPUBlitInfo;
 import org.lwjgl.sdl.SDLTimer;
@@ -2547,17 +2548,23 @@ public class SDLGPURenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
             if (length != null && length.remaining() > 0) length.put(0, 0);
             return;
         }
-        if (s == null) return;
-        final byte[] bytes = s.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        final int n = Math.min(bytes.length, out.remaining());
-        out.put(bytes, 0, n);
+        final byte[] bytes = (s == null ? "" : s).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        final int pos = out.position();
+        final int max = out.remaining();
+        final int n = Math.max(0, Math.min(bytes.length, max - 1));
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) out.put(pos + i, bytes[i]);
+        if (max > 0) out.put(pos + n, (byte) 0);
         if (length != null && length.remaining() > 0) length.put(0, n);
     }
+    private static int glStringLength(String s) {
+        return s == null || s.isEmpty() ? 0 : s.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length + 1;
+    }
     @Override public int getShaderi(int shader, int pname) {
         return switch (pname) {
             case GL20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS  ->  shaderManager.isCompiled(shader) ? 1 : 0;
             case GL20.GL_SHADER_TYPE     ->  shaderManager.getShaderType(shader);
-            case GL20.GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH ->  shaderManager.getShaderInfoLog(shader).length();
+            case GL20.GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH ->  glStringLength(shaderManager.getShaderInfoLog(shader));
+            case GL20.GL_SHADER_SOURCE_LENGTH -> glStringLength(shaderManager.getShaderSource(shader));
             default -> 0;
         };
     }
@@ -2565,7 +2572,7 @@ public class SDLGPURenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
         return switch (pname) {
             case GL20.GL_LINK_STATUS -> shaderManager.isLinked(program) ? 1 : 0;
             case GL20.GL_VALIDATE_STATUS -> shaderManager.isLinked(program) ? 1 : 0;
-            case GL20.GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH -> shaderManager.getProgramInfoLog(program).length();
+            case GL20.GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH -> glStringLength(shaderManager.getProgramInfoLog(program));
             case GL20.GL_ATTACHED_SHADERS -> shaderManager.getAttachedShaderCount(program);
             case GL20.GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS -> {
                 final var entries = getOrBuildUniformEntries(program);
@@ -2605,6 +2612,7 @@ public class SDLGPURenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
             final int loc = e.getValue();
             int glType;
             int arrayLen = 1;
+            boolean array = false;
             if (prog.allSamplerNames.contains(name)) {
                 glType = GL20.GL_SAMPLER_2D;
             } else {
@@ -2613,6 +2621,7 @@ public class SDLGPURenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
                 if (umi != null) {
                     glType = FormatMap.mapMemberInfoToGlType(umi);
                     arrayLen = Math.max(1, umi.arrayLen());
+                    array = umi.arrayStride() > 0;
                 } else {
                     glType = GL20.GL_FLOAT_VEC4;
                 }
@@ -2620,7 +2629,7 @@ public class SDLGPURenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
                     glType = FormatMap.remapUnsignedIntToBool(glType);
                 }
             }
-            result.add(new UniformEntry(name, glType, arrayLen));
+            result.add(new UniformEntry(array ? name + "[0]" : name, glType, arrayLen));
         }
         result.sort(Comparator.comparing(UniformEntry::name));
         final List<UniformEntry> immutable = Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
@@ -2679,6 +2688,78 @@ public class SDLGPURenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
     @Override public int getUniformLocation(int program, ByteBuffer name) {
         return shaderManager.getUniformLocation(program, MemoryUtil.memASCII(name));
     }
+    @Override public void getUniformfv(int program, int location, FloatBuffer params) {
+        final Readback rb = readback(program, location);
+        if (rb == null) return;
+        final int pos = params.position();
+        final int count = Math.min(rb.count(), params.remaining());
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            final float raw = rb.raw(i);
+            final int bits = Float.floatToRawIntBits(raw);
+            params.put(pos + i, switch (rb.type()) {
+                case FLOAT -> raw;
+                case INT -> (float) bits;
+                case UINT -> (float) (bits & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                case BOOL -> bits != 0 ? 1f : 0f;
+                case OPAQUE -> rb.opaqueValue();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    @Override public void getUniformiv(int program, int location, IntBuffer params) {
+        final Readback rb = readback(program, location);
+        if (rb == null) return;
+        final int pos = params.position();
+        final int count = Math.min(rb.count(), params.remaining());
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            final float raw = rb.raw(i);
+            final int bits = Float.floatToRawIntBits(raw);
+            params.put(pos + i, switch (rb.type()) {
+                case FLOAT -> roundHalfAwayFromZero(raw);
+                case BOOL -> bits != 0 ? 1 : 0;
+                case INT, UINT -> bits;
+                case OPAQUE -> rb.opaqueValue();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    private enum ReadType { FLOAT, INT, UINT, BOOL, OPAQUE }
+    private record Readback(float[] storage, int start, int count, ReadType type, int opaqueValue) {
+        float raw(int i) {
+            return storage != null && start + i < storage.length ? storage[start + i] : 0f;
+        }
+    }
+    private Readback readback(int program, int location) {
+        final ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog = shaderManager.getProgram(program);
+        if (prog == null || !prog.linked || location < 0 || location >= prog.uniformSlotCount) return null;
+        final int kind = prog.locationKind[location];
+        if (kind != ShaderManager.ProgramObject.LOCATION_KIND_PLAIN) {
+            return new Readback(null, 0, 1, ReadType.OPAQUE, opaqueUnit(prog, location, kind));
+        }
+        final ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo info = prog.memberInfo(location);
+        if (info == null) return null;
+        final int perElement = info.vectorSize() * info.columns();
+        final int index = prog.arrayIndexBySlot[location];
+        final int base = location - index;
+        final float[] storage = s().uniformStaging(prog).uniformDataBySlot[base];
+        return new Readback(storage, index * perElement, perElement, readType(prog, base, info), 0);
+    }
+    private static ReadType readType(ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog, int base, ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo info) {
+        if (info.baseType() == Spvc.SPVC_BASETYPE_FP32) return ReadType.FLOAT;
+        if (info.baseType() != Spvc.SPVC_BASETYPE_UINT32) return ReadType.INT;
+        final String name = prog.locationName[base];
+        return name != null && prog.boolUniforms.contains(name) ? ReadType.BOOL : ReadType.UINT;
+    }
+    private static int roundHalfAwayFromZero(float f) {
+        final double r = Math.floor(Math.abs((double) f) + 0.5);
+        return (int) (f < 0 ? -r : r);
+    }
+    private static int opaqueUnit(ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog, int location, int kind) {
+        final String name = prog.locationName[location];
+        if (name == null) return 0;
+        final int unit = kind == ShaderManager.ProgramObject.LOCATION_KIND_SAMPLER
+            ? prog.samplerTextureUnits.getInt(name)
+            : prog.imageTextureUnits.getInt(name);
+        return Math.max(unit, 0);
+    }
     @Override public void getShaderSource(int shader, IntBuffer length, ByteBuffer source) {
         writeUtf8(shaderManager.getShaderSource(shader), length, source);
     }
@@ -4131,6 +4212,7 @@ public class SDLGPURenderBackend extends RenderBackend {
             case GL20.GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS -> 32;
             case GL20.GL_MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS -> 16;
             case GL20.GL_MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS -> 8;
+            case GL30.GL_MAX_CLIP_DISTANCES -> device.hasClipDistance() ? GLStateManager.MAX_CLIP_PLANES : 0;
             case GL30.GL_MAX_COLOR_ATTACHMENTS -> 8;
             case GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING -> cs.boundArrayBuffer;
             case GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING -> cs.currentVao.elementBuffer;
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/Device.java b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/Device.java
index 5f8f73317..af36559fb 100644
--- a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/Device.java
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/Device.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ public final class Device {
 
     private long device;
     private boolean claimed;
+    private boolean clipDistance = true;
     private int supportedShaderFormats;
     private String driverName;
     private boolean fencePollEnabled;
@@ -116,6 +117,10 @@ public final class Device {
     }
 
     public boolean createDevice() {
+        return createDevice(!SystemProperties.EMULATE_CLIP_DISTANCES);
+    }
+
+    boolean createDevice(boolean requestClipDistance) {
         if (device != 0) return true;
 
         installLogCallback();
@@ -130,9 +135,9 @@ public final class Device {
         }
 
         final boolean gpuDebug = SystemProperties.LWJGL_DEBUG || SystemProperties.SDL_GPU_DEBUG;
-        device = createGPUDevice(gpuDebug, candidates);
+        device = createGPUDevice(gpuDebug, candidates, requestClipDistance);
         if (device == 0 && VideoDriverRecovery.shouldRetryOnX11(SDL_GetCurrentVideoDriver(), vulkanLoaderAvailable(), System.getenv("DISPLAY"))) {
-            device = VideoDriverRecovery.retryUnderX11(() -> createGPUDevice(gpuDebug, candidates));
+            device = VideoDriverRecovery.retryUnderX11(() -> createGPUDevice(gpuDebug, candidates, requestClipDistance));
         }
         if (device == 0) {
             logDeviceCreationFailure(REQUESTED_SHADER_FORMATS);
@@ -206,13 +211,22 @@ public final class Device {
         }
     }
 
-    private long createGPUDevice(boolean gpuDebug, String[] candidates) {
+    private long createGPUDevice(boolean gpuDebug, String[] candidates, boolean requestClipDistance) {
         final boolean macos = Platform.get() == Platform.MACOSX;
         for (final String driver : candidates) {
             final boolean macVulkan = macos && isVulkan(driver);
             if (macVulkan) useMoltenVk();
-            final long dev = SDL_CreateGPUDevice(REQUESTED_SHADER_FORMATS, gpuDebug, driver);
-            if (dev != 0) return dev;
+            long dev = createWithProperties(gpuDebug, driver, requestClipDistance);
+            boolean clip = requestClipDistance;
+            if (dev == 0 && clip && isVulkan(driver)) {
+                LOG.info("SDL GPU Vulkan device creation failed with shaderClipDistance ({}); the device may lack it, retrying without it, clip distances will be emulated", SDLError.SDL_GetError());
+                dev = createWithProperties(gpuDebug, driver, false);
+                clip = false;
+            }
+            if (dev != 0) {
+                clipDistance = clip;
+                return dev;
+            }
             LOG.warn("Failed to create a '{}' SDL GPU device: {}", driver, SDLError.SDL_GetError());
             if (macVulkan && MoltenVK.locate() == null) {
                 LOG.warn("Vulkan on macOS needs MoltenVK. Add {} to the mods folder or install MoltenVK.", MoltenVK.JAR_NAME);
@@ -221,6 +235,22 @@ public final class Device {
         return 0;
     }
 
+    private static long createWithProperties(boolean gpuDebug, String driver, boolean clipDistance) {
+        final int props = SDLProperties.SDL_CreateProperties();
+        try {
+            SDLProperties.SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_GPU_DEVICE_CREATE_SHADERS_SPIRV_BOOLEAN, (REQUESTED_SHADER_FORMATS & SDL_GPU_SHADERFORMAT_SPIRV) != 0);
+            SDLProperties.SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_GPU_DEVICE_CREATE_SHADERS_DXBC_BOOLEAN, (REQUESTED_SHADER_FORMATS & SDL_GPU_SHADERFORMAT_DXBC) != 0);
+            SDLProperties.SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_GPU_DEVICE_CREATE_SHADERS_DXIL_BOOLEAN, (REQUESTED_SHADER_FORMATS & SDL_GPU_SHADERFORMAT_DXIL) != 0);
+            SDLProperties.SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_GPU_DEVICE_CREATE_SHADERS_MSL_BOOLEAN, (REQUESTED_SHADER_FORMATS & SDL_GPU_SHADERFORMAT_MSL) != 0);
+            SDLProperties.SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_GPU_DEVICE_CREATE_DEBUGMODE_BOOLEAN, gpuDebug);
+            SDLProperties.SDL_SetStringProperty(props, SDL_PROP_GPU_DEVICE_CREATE_NAME_STRING, driver);
+            SDLProperties.SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_GPU_DEVICE_CREATE_FEATURE_CLIP_DISTANCE_BOOLEAN, clipDistance);
+            return SDL_CreateGPUDeviceWithProperties(props);
+        } finally {
+            SDLProperties.SDL_DestroyProperties(props);
+        }
+    }
+
     public void claimWindow(long window) {
         if (device == 0) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("SDL GPU device not created");
@@ -298,6 +328,7 @@ public final class Device {
         driverVersion = null;
         driverInfo = null;
         supportedShaderFormats = 0;
+        clipDistance = true;
     }
 
     private void logWindowDiagnostics(long window) {
@@ -351,6 +382,10 @@ public final class Device {
         return device;
     }
 
+    public boolean hasClipDistance() {
+        return clipDistance;
+    }
+
     public String getDriverName() {
         return driverName;
     }
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/frame/ContextState.java b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/frame/ContextState.java
index 124a87967..e5accb628 100644
--- a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/frame/ContextState.java
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/frame/ContextState.java
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.sdlgpu.shader.LogicOpVariant;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.sdlgpu.shader.ShaderManager;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.sdlgpu.shader.UniformStaging;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2FloatOpenHashMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ public final class ContextState {
     private final Reference2ObjectOpenHashMap<ShaderManager.ProgramObject, UniformStaging> uniformStagingByProgram = new Reference2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
     private ShaderManager.ProgramObject stagingProg;
     private UniformStaging currentUniformStaging;
+    public final Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<float[]> uniformArrayScratch = new Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
 
     public UniformStaging uniformStaging(ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog) {
         if (prog == stagingProg) return currentUniformStaging;
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/pipeline/PipelineApplier.java b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/pipeline/PipelineApplier.java
index e83653fee..cf53cc80d 100644
--- a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/pipeline/PipelineApplier.java
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/pipeline/PipelineApplier.java
@@ -754,16 +754,32 @@ public final class PipelineApplier {
     public float[] reuseOrAlloc(ContextState st, int location, int length) {
         final ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog = st.boundProgramObj;
         if (prog == null || location < 0 || location >= prog.uniformSlotCount) return null;
+        if (prog.floatLimitBySlot[location] < 0) return arrayScratch(st, length);
         final float[] existing = st.uniformStaging(prog).uniformDataBySlot[location];
         if (existing != null && existing.length == length) return existing;
         return new float[length];
     }
 
+    private static float[] arrayScratch(ContextState st, int length) {
+        float[] scratch = st.uniformArrayScratch.get(length);
+        if (scratch == null) {
+            scratch = new float[length];
+            st.uniformArrayScratch.put(length, scratch);
+        }
+        return scratch;
+    }
+
     public void putUniformFv(ContextState st, int location, FloatBuffer value) {
         final ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog = st.boundProgramObj;
         if (prog == null || location < 0 || location >= prog.uniformSlotCount) return;
         final int n = value.remaining();
         final int pos = value.position();
+        if (prog.floatLimitBySlot[location] < 0) {
+            final float[] v = arrayScratch(st, n);
+            value.get(pos, v);
+            putUniform(st, location, v);
+            return;
+        }
         final float[] existing = st.uniformStaging(prog).uniformDataBySlot[location];
         if (existing != null && existing.length == n) {
             if (contentEquals(existing, value, pos, n)) {
@@ -824,6 +840,7 @@ public final class PipelineApplier {
         if (Tracy.ENABLED) frameManager.noteUniformBlockFlush(b, size);
     }
 
+    private static final long ARRAY_HASH_SEED = 0x9E3779B97F4A7C15L;
     private static final boolean VERIFY_PER_FRAME_BLOCK = SystemProperties.SDL_VERIFY_PER_FRAME_UNIFORM_BLOCK;
     private final HashSet<String> perFrameBlockDriftWarned = new HashSet<>();
 
@@ -837,6 +854,12 @@ public final class PipelineApplier {
     public void putUniform(ContextState st, int location, float[] data) {
         final ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog = st.boundProgramObj;
         if (prog == null || location < 0 || location >= prog.uniformSlotCount) return;
+        final int limit = prog.floatLimitBySlot[location];
+        if (limit < 0) {
+            putArrayElement(st, prog, st.uniformStaging(prog), location - prog.arrayIndexBySlot[location], location, data);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (data.length > limit) return;
         final UniformStaging us = st.uniformStaging(prog);
         final int len = data.length;
         final long valueKey;
@@ -884,6 +907,62 @@ public final class PipelineApplier {
             }
             return;
         }
+        writeStages(st, prog, us, location, data);
+    }
+
+    private void putArrayElement(ContextState st, ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog, UniformStaging us, int base, int location, float[] data) {
+        final ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo baseInfo = prog.memberInfo(base);
+        if (baseInfo == null) return;
+        final int len = prog.arrayLenBySlot[location];
+        final int index = prog.arrayIndexBySlot[location];
+        final int count = Math.min(elementCount(baseInfo, data), len - index);
+        if (count <= 0) return;
+        final int floatsPerElement = baseInfo.vectorSize() * baseInfo.columns();
+        if (Tracy.ENABLED) st.slotWrites++;
+        final int start = index * floatsPerElement;
+        final int floats = count * floatsPerElement;
+        float[] storage = us.uniformDataBySlot[base];
+        final boolean fresh = storage == null;
+        long storageHash;
+        if (fresh) {
+            storage = us.uniformDataBySlot[base] = new float[len * floatsPerElement];
+            storageHash = ARRAY_HASH_SEED;
+        } else {
+            storageHash = us.uniformValueHashBySlot[base];
+        }
+        boolean changed = fresh;
+        for (int i = 0; i < floats; i++) {
+            final int oldBits = Float.floatToRawIntBits(storage[start + i]);
+            final int newBits = Float.floatToRawIntBits(data[i]);
+            if (oldBits == newBits) continue;
+            storageHash ^= arrayHashTerm(start + i, oldBits) ^ arrayHashTerm(start + i, newBits);
+            storage[start + i] = data[i];
+            changed = true;
+        }
+        if (!changed) {
+            if (Tracy.ENABLED) st.slotWritesElided++;
+            return;
+        }
+        us.uniformValueHashBySlot[base] = storageHash;
+        for (int b = 0; b < ShaderManager.BLOCK_COUNT; b++) {
+            final ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo info = prog.blockInfoBySlot[b][location];
+            if (info == null) continue;
+            final ContextState.UniformBlockState block = st.uniformBlocks[b];
+            if (prog.blockSize[b] > block.size) block.size = prog.blockSize[b];
+            final FloatBuffer blockFb = block.staging(prog.blockSize[b]);
+            final int hashSlot = block.hashSlot(prog.blockInfoBySlot[b][base].offset());
+            if (hashSlot >= 0) block.setHash(hashSlot, storageHash);
+            writeMember(st, prog, blockFb, prog.blockSize[b], info, data, location, false);
+            block.dirty = true;
+            if (VERIFY_PER_FRAME_BLOCK && b == ShaderManager.BLOCK_PER_FRAME && block.flushedThisFrame) {
+                notePerFrameBlockDrift(prog, base);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        writeStages(st, prog, us, location, data);
+    }
+
+    private void writeStages(ContextState st, ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog, UniformStaging us, int location, float[] data) {
         final ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo vs = prog.vsInfoBySlot[location];
         if (vs != null && us.vsUniformFb != null) {
             writeMember(st, prog, us.vsUniformFb, prog.vertexUboSize, vs, data, location, true);
@@ -896,6 +975,10 @@ public final class PipelineApplier {
         }
     }
 
+    private static long arrayHashTerm(int index, int bits) {
+        return bits == 0 ? 0L : Hashing.fmix64(ARRAY_HASH_SEED, Hashing.packHiLo(index, bits));
+    }
+
     public void storeMatrix(ContextState st, int location, boolean transpose, FloatBuffer value, int size) {
         if (location < 0) return;
         final int n = value.remaining();
@@ -914,16 +997,19 @@ public final class PipelineApplier {
         putUniform(st, location, out);
     }
 
-    private void writeMember(ContextState st, ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog, FloatBuffer ubo, int uboSize, ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo info, float[] data, int loc, boolean isVs) {
+    private static int elementCount(ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo info, float[] data) {
         final int floatsPerElement = info.vectorSize() * info.columns();
-        if (floatsPerElement <= 0) return;
-        final int srcCount = data.length / floatsPerElement;
-        if (srcCount <= 0) return;
-        final int dataBytes = srcCount * floatsPerElement * 4;
+        return floatsPerElement <= 0 ? 0 : data.length / floatsPerElement;
+    }
+
+    private void writeMember(ContextState st, ShaderManager.ProgramObject prog, FloatBuffer ubo, int uboSize, ShaderManager.UniformMemberInfo info, float[] data, int loc, boolean isVs) {
+        final int count = Math.min(elementCount(info, data), info.arrayLen());
+        if (count <= 0) return;
+        final int dataBytes = count * info.vectorSize() * info.columns() * 4;
         final int avail = uboSize - info.offset();
         if (dataBytes > avail) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Uniform overflows UBO: prog=" + st.boundProgram + " loc=" + loc + " name='" + prog.locationToName.getOrDefault(loc, "?") + "' dataBytes=" + dataBytes + " availFromOffset=" + avail + " stage=" + (isVs ? "VS" : "FS"));
         }
-        Std140Writer.write(ubo, info, data, srcCount);
+        Std140Writer.write(ubo, info, data, count);
     }
 }
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/ShaderManager.java b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/ShaderManager.java
index 14bcc76bc..95ab1b32b 100644
--- a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/ShaderManager.java
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/ShaderManager.java
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
             else prog.fragmentUboSize = refl.uboSize();
         }
         for (UboMember m : refl.uboMembers()) {
-            final int loc = ensureLocation(prog, m.name());
+            final int loc = ensureLocation(prog, m.name(), m.arrayLen());
             final UniformMemberInfo info = new UniformMemberInfo(
                 m.offset(), m.size(), m.arrayStride(), isVertex,
                 m.vectorSize(), m.columns(), m.baseType(), m.arrayLen()
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
             prog.blockSize[b] = Math.max(prog.blockSize[b], block.size());
             prog.blockBinding[b] = block.binding();
             for (UboMember m : block.members()) {
-                final int loc = ensureLocation(prog, m.name());
+                final int loc = ensureLocation(prog, m.name(), m.arrayLen());
                 if (prog.blockMemberInfo[b].containsKey(loc)) continue;
                 prog.blockMemberInfo[b].put(loc, new UniformMemberInfo(
                     m.offset(), m.size(), m.arrayStride(), false,
@@ -809,14 +809,34 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     }
 
     private static int ensureLocation(ProgramObject prog, String name) {
+        return ensureLocation(prog, name, 1);
+    }
+
+    private static int ensureLocation(ProgramObject prog, String name, int arrayLen) {
         final int existing = prog.nameToLocation.getInt(name);
-        if (existing != -1) return existing;
-        final int loc = prog.nextUniformLocation++;
+        if (existing != -1) {
+            final int registered = Math.max(1, prog.arrayLenByLocation.get(existing));
+            if (registered == arrayLen) return existing;
+            retireLocations(prog, existing, registered);
+        }
+        final int loc = prog.nextUniformLocation;
+        prog.nextUniformLocation += arrayLen;
         prog.nameToLocation.put(name, loc);
         prog.locationToName.put(loc, name);
+        for (int i = 1; i < arrayLen; i++) prog.locationToName.put(loc + i, name + "[" + i + "]");
+        if (arrayLen > 1) prog.arrayLenByLocation.put(loc, arrayLen);
         return loc;
     }
 
+    private static void retireLocations(ProgramObject prog, int base, int len) {
+        prog.arrayLenByLocation.remove(base);
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) prog.locationToName.remove(base + i);
+        prog.locationToMemberInfo.remove(base);
+        prog.vertexMemberInfo.remove(base);
+        prog.fragmentMemberInfo.remove(base);
+        for (int b = 0; b < BLOCK_COUNT; b++) prog.blockMemberInfo[b].remove(base);
+    }
+
     private static void applyVaryingMatch(ByteBuffer fragmentSpirv, StageReflection vs, StageReflection fs) {
         if (vs.vsOutputs().isEmpty() || fs.fsInputs().isEmpty() || fragmentSpirv == null) return;
         final HashMap<String, Integer> vsOutLocs = new HashMap<>(vs.vsOutputs().size() * 2);
@@ -1268,7 +1288,13 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public int getUniformLocation(int program, String name) {
         final ProgramObject prog = programObjects.get(program);
         if (prog == null || !prog.linked) return -1;
-        return prog.nameToLocation.getInt(name);
+        final int exact = prog.nameToLocation.getInt(name);
+        if (exact != -1) return exact;
+        final int index = UniformNames.arrayIndex(name);
+        if (index < 0) return -1;
+        final int base = prog.nameToLocation.getInt(name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf('[')));
+        if (base < 0 || base >= prog.uniformSlotCount || index >= prog.arrayLenBySlot[base]) return -1;
+        return base + index;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1645,7 +1671,12 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
     public record UniformMemberInfo(
         int offset, int size, int arrayStride, boolean isVertex,
         int vectorSize, int columns, int baseType, int arrayLen
-    ) {}
+    ) {
+        public UniformMemberInfo element(int i) {
+            return new UniformMemberInfo(offset + i * arrayStride, size - i * arrayStride, arrayStride, isVertex,
+                vectorSize, columns, baseType, arrayLen - i);
+        }
+    }
 
     public record UboMember(
         String name, int offset, int size, int arrayStride,
@@ -2069,11 +2100,24 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
             return m != null ? m : blockMemberInfo[BLOCK_PER_PASS].get(loc);
         }
 
+        public UniformMemberInfo memberInfo(int slot) {
+            for (int b = 0; b < BLOCK_COUNT; b++) {
+                final UniformMemberInfo info = blockInfoBySlot[b][slot];
+                if (info != null) return info;
+            }
+            final UniformMemberInfo vs = vsInfoBySlot[slot];
+            return vs != null ? vs : fsInfoBySlot[slot];
+        }
+
         private static final UniformMemberInfo[] EMPTY_INFO = new UniformMemberInfo[0];
 
         public UniformMemberInfo[] vsInfoBySlot;
         public UniformMemberInfo[] fsInfoBySlot;
         public int uniformSlotCount;
+        public final Int2IntOpenHashMap arrayLenByLocation = new Int2IntOpenHashMap();
+        public int[] arrayIndexBySlot = EMPTY_UNITS;
+        public int[] arrayLenBySlot = EMPTY_UNITS;
+        public int[] floatLimitBySlot = EMPTY_UNITS;
         public final int[] vertexInputBaseType = new int[16];
         public final int[] vertexInputVecSize = new int[16];
         public final String[] vertexInputName = new String[16];
@@ -2200,24 +2244,51 @@ public final class ShaderManager {
                     locationKind[loc] = LOCATION_KIND_PLAIN;
                 }
             }
+            arrayIndexBySlot = new int[n];
+            arrayLenBySlot = new int[n];
+            Arrays.fill(arrayLenBySlot, 1);
+            for (var it = arrayLenByLocation.int2IntEntrySet().fastIterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+                final var e = it.next();
+                final int base = e.getIntKey();
+                final int len = e.getIntValue();
+                for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                    arrayLenBySlot[base + i] = len;
+                    arrayIndexBySlot[base + i] = i;
+                }
+            }
             for (int b = 0; b < BLOCK_COUNT; b++) {
                 blockInfoBySlot[b] = new UniformMemberInfo[n];
                 for (var it = blockMemberInfo[b].int2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                     final var e = it.next();
-                    final int k = e.getIntKey();
-                    if (k >= 0 && k < n) blockInfoBySlot[b][k] = e.getValue();
+                    fillSlots(blockInfoBySlot[b], e.getIntKey(), e.getValue());
                 }
             }
             for (var it = vertexMemberInfo.int2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                 final var e = it.next();
-                final int k = e.getIntKey();
-                if (k >= 0 && k < n) vsInfoBySlot[k] = e.getValue();
+                fillSlots(vsInfoBySlot, e.getIntKey(), e.getValue());
             }
             for (var it = fragmentMemberInfo.int2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                 final var e = it.next();
-                final int k = e.getIntKey();
-                if (k >= 0 && k < n) fsInfoBySlot[k] = e.getValue();
+                fillSlots(fsInfoBySlot, e.getIntKey(), e.getValue());
             }
+            floatLimitBySlot = new int[n];
+            for (int slot = 0; slot < n; slot++) {
+                if (arrayLenBySlot[slot] > 1) {
+                    floatLimitBySlot[slot] = -1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final UniformMemberInfo info = memberInfo(slot);
+                final int floats = info == null || info.arrayStride() > 0 ? 0 : info.vectorSize() * info.columns();
+                floatLimitBySlot[slot] = floats > 0 ? floats : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void fillSlots(UniformMemberInfo[] bySlot, int base, UniformMemberInfo info) {
+            final int n = bySlot.length;
+            if (base < 0 || base >= n) return;
+            bySlot[base] = info;
+            final int len = arrayLenBySlot[base];
+            for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) bySlot[base + i] = info.element(i);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/UniformNames.java b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/UniformNames.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2038b5f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/shader/UniformNames.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.sdlgpu.shader;
+
+public final class UniformNames {
+
+    private UniformNames() {}
+
+    public static int arrayIndex(String name) {
+        final int len = name.length();
+        if (len == 0 || name.charAt(len - 1) != ']') return -1;
+        int i = len - 1;
+        while (i > 0 && isDigit(name.charAt(i - 1))) i--;
+        if (i == 0 || name.charAt(i - 1) != '[') return -1;
+        if (name.charAt(i) == '0' && i + 1 != len - 1) return -1;
+        long index = 0;
+        for (int c = i; c < len - 1; c++) {
+            index = index * 10 + (name.charAt(c) - '0');
+            if (index > Integer.MAX_VALUE) return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        }
+        return (int) index;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isDigit(char c) {
+        return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/DeviceLifecycleGpuTest.java b/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/DeviceLifecycleGpuTest.java
index 109cdb8ef..6d8bc74ca 100644
--- a/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/DeviceLifecycleGpuTest.java
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/device/DeviceLifecycleGpuTest.java
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.sdlgpu.device;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.sdlgpu.SdlTestRig;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
@@ -46,4 +48,12 @@ class DeviceLifecycleGpuTest {
         device.destroyDevice();
         assertEquals(0L, device.getDevice());
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void createsVulkanDeviceWithoutClipDistance() {
+        device = new Device();
+        assertTrue(device.createDevice(false), "no SDL GPU device on this machine");
+        Assumptions.assumeTrue(device.isVulkan(), "test needs the vulkan driver, got " + device.getDriverName());
+        assertFalse(device.hasClipDistance());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlFfpTest.java b/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlFfpTest.java
index 37cfb04c9..c312fcdd8 100644
--- a/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlFfpTest.java
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlFfpTest.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.CubeParityFixture;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.FfpFixture;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.Instancing;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ParticleParityFixture;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.ClipTestSupport;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
@@ -127,6 +128,30 @@ class GlsmSdlFfpTest {
         assertTexelEverywhere("two units, glCallLists");
     }
 
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(booleans = {false, true})
+    void disabledClipPlaneDoesNotClip(boolean emulated) {
+        try (var ignored = ClipTestSupport.emulation(emulated)) {
+            bindBaseTexture();
+            try {
+                ClipTestSupport.setPlane(1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+                GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE1);
+                ClipTestSupport.setPlane(0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+                GLSMEnable.glEnable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+                quadUnit0Only();
+
+                final int[] pixels = GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.readTarget();
+                final int left = pixelAt(pixels, SIZE, SIZE / 4, SIZE / 2);
+                final int right = pixelAt(pixels, SIZE, 3 * SIZE / 4, SIZE / 2);
+                assertTrue(left != TEXEL, () -> "left quarter must be clipped by enabled plane 0: " + describe(left));
+                assertEquals(TEXEL, right, () -> "right quarter must survive; disabled plane 1 must not clip: " + describe(right));
+            } finally {
+                GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+                GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     void litTexturedQuadIsShaded() {
         bindBaseTexture();
diff --git a/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlUniformArrayTest.java b/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlUniformArrayTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a73a116e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdl-gpu/src/test/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/sdlgpu/glsm/GlsmSdlUniformArrayTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.sdlgpu.glsm;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMDraws;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMPrograms;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMVertexInput;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlTestSupport;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL20;
+import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
+
+@Tag("glsm-sdl")
+@ExtendWith(GlsmSdlFrameExtension.class)
+class GlsmSdlUniformArrayTest {
+
+    private static final int COUNT = 8;
+    private static final int[][] A = {
+        {10, 20, 30}, {40, 50, 60}, {70, 80, 90}, {100, 110, 120},
+        {130, 140, 150}, {160, 170, 180}, {190, 200, 210}, {220, 230, 240}
+    };
+    private static final int[] X = {250, 5, 15};
+    private static final int[][] B = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}, {11, 12, 13}};
+
+    private int program;
+    private int vao;
+    private int arr;
+    private int single;
+    private int pick;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        program = GlTestSupport.program(GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.FULLSCREEN_VERTEX, """
+            #version 330 core
+            uniform vec4 arr[8];
+            uniform vec4 single;
+            uniform ivec4 iarr[2];
+            uniform vec4 one[1];
+            uniform int pick;
+            out vec4 color;
+            void main() { color = pick == -2 ? vec4(iarr[1]) / 255.0 : pick == -3 ? one[0] : pick < 0 ? single : arr[pick]; }
+            """);
+        vao = GLSMVertexInput.glGenVertexArrays();
+        GLSMVertexInput.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+        GLSMPrograms.glUseProgram(program);
+        arr = loc("arr");
+        single = loc("single");
+        pick = loc("pick");
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() {
+        GLSMPrograms.glUseProgram(0);
+        GLSMVertexInput.glBindVertexArray(0);
+        GLSMVertexInput.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
+        GLSMPrograms.glDeleteProgram(program);
+    }
+
+    private int loc(String name) {
+        return GLSMPrograms.glGetUniformLocation(program, name);
+    }
+
+    private static int argb(int[] rgb) {
+        return 0xFF000000 | (rgb[0] << 16) | (rgb[1] << 8) | rgb[2];
+    }
+
+    private static float[] vec(int[] rgb) {
+        return new float[] {rgb[0] / 255f, rgb[1] / 255f, rgb[2] / 255f, 1f};
+    }
+
+    private static FloatBuffer pack(int[]... colors) {
+        final FloatBuffer buf = MemoryUtil.memAllocFloat(colors.length * 4);
+        for (int[] c : colors) buf.put(vec(c));
+        buf.flip();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    private void writeAt(int location, int[]... colors) {
+        final FloatBuffer buf = pack(colors);
+        try {
+            GLSMPrograms.glUniform4(location, buf);
+        } finally {
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(buf);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeElement(int location, int[] rgb) {
+        final float[] v = vec(rgb);
+        GLSMPrograms.glUniform4f(location, v[0], v[1], v[2], v[3]);
+    }
+
+    private void writeAll() {
+        writeAt(arr, A);
+    }
+
+    private int drawPick(int index) {
+        GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.beginFrame();
+        GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.bindTarget();
+        GLSMPrograms.glUniform1i(pick, index);
+        GLSMDraws.glDrawArrays(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
+        return GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.readTarget(GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.SIZE / 2, GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.SIZE / 2, 1, 1)[0];
+    }
+
+    private void assertPick(int index, int[] expected, String label) {
+        final int got = drawPick(index);
+        assertEquals(Integer.toHexString(argb(expected)), Integer.toHexString(got), label + ": " + GlsmSdlHeadlessRig.describe(got));
+    }
+
+    private float[] readUniform(int location) {
+        final FloatBuffer buf = MemoryUtil.memAllocFloat(4);
+        try {
+            GLSMPrograms.glGetUniform(program, location, buf);
+            final float[] out = new float[4];
+            buf.get(out);
+            return out;
+        } finally {
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(buf);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void arrayElementLocations() {
+        assertNotEquals(-1, arr, "arr");
+        assertNotEquals(-1, single, "single");
+        assertEquals(arr, loc("arr[0]"), "arr[0]");
+        assertEquals(arr + 3, loc("arr[3]"), "arr[3]");
+        assertEquals(arr + 7, loc("arr[7]"), "arr[7]");
+        assertEquals(-1, loc("arr[8]"), "arr[8]");
+        assertEquals(-1, loc("arr[03]"), "arr[03]");
+        assertEquals(-1, loc("arr[-1]"), "arr[-1]");
+        assertEquals(arr, loc("arr[]"), "arr[] is index 0, as Mesa parses it");
+        assertEquals(single, loc("single[0]"), "single[0]");
+        assertEquals(-1, loc("single[1]"), "single[1]");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void elementWriteLandsInTheArray() {
+        writeAll();
+        final int element3 = loc("arr[3]");
+        writeElement(element3, X);
+
+        assertPick(3, X, "pick=3 shows the element write");
+        assertPick(2, A[2], "pick=2 keeps the bulk write");
+        assertArrayEquals(vec(X), readUniform(element3), 0f, "glGetUniform arr[3]");
+        assertArrayEquals(vec(A[2]), readUniform(loc("arr[2]")), 0f, "glGetUniform arr[2]");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void elementWriteClampsToTheArrayEnd() {
+        writeAll();
+        writeAt(loc("arr[6]"), B);
+
+        assertPick(6, B[0], "pick=6");
+        assertPick(7, B[1], "pick=7");
+        assertPick(5, A[5], "pick=5");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void countBeyondTheDeclarationFollowsMesa() {
+        writeElement(single, A[0]);
+        writeAt(single, B);
+
+        assertPick(-1, A[0], "count 2 on a non-array is ignored");
+        assertArrayEquals(vec(A[0]), readUniform(single), 0f, "glGetUniform single keeps its value");
+
+        writeAt(loc("one"), B);
+        assertPick(-3, B[0], "count 2 on a size-1 array clamps");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void fullWriteAfterElementWriteIsNotElided() {
+        writeAll();
+        writeElement(loc("arr[3]"), X);
+        writeAll();
+
+        assertPick(3, A[3], "pick=3 after the repeated full write");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void intElementReadsBackAsInts() {
+        final int element1 = loc("iarr[1]");
+        assertEquals(loc("iarr") + 1, element1, "iarr[1]");
+        GLSMPrograms.glUniform4i(loc("iarr"), 1, 2, 3, 4);
+        GLSMPrograms.glUniform4i(element1, X[0], X[1], X[2], 255);
+
+        assertPick(-2, X, "pick=-2 shows iarr[1]");
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[] {X[0], X[1], X[2], 255}, readIntUniform(element1), "glGetUniformiv iarr[1]");
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4}, readIntUniform(loc("iarr")), "glGetUniformiv iarr[0]");
+    }
+
+    private int[] readIntUniform(int location) {
+        final IntBuffer buf = MemoryUtil.memAllocInt(4);
+        try {
+            GLSMPrograms.glGetUniform(program, location, buf);
+            final int[] out = new int[4];
+            buf.get(out);
+            return out;
+        } finally {
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(buf);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void activeUniformReportsArrayNameWithIndexZero() {
+        final Map<String, Integer> sizes = activeUniformSizes();
+        assertEquals(COUNT, sizes.getOrDefault("arr[0]", -1), "size of arr[0] in " + sizes);
+        assertEquals(1, sizes.getOrDefault("single", -1), "size of single in " + sizes);
+        assertEquals(1, sizes.getOrDefault("one[0]", -1), "size of one[0] in " + sizes);
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Integer> activeUniformSizes() {
+        final int active = GLSMPrograms.glGetProgrami(program, GL20.GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS);
+        final Map<String, Integer> sizes = new HashMap<>();
+        final IntBuffer length = MemoryUtil.memAllocInt(1);
+        final IntBuffer size = MemoryUtil.memAllocInt(1);
+        final IntBuffer type = MemoryUtil.memAllocInt(1);
+        final ByteBuffer name = MemoryUtil.memAlloc(128);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < active; i++) {
+                GLSMPrograms.glGetActiveUniform(program, i, length, size, type, name);
+                final byte[] bytes = new byte[length.get(0)];
+                for (int c = 0; c < bytes.length; c++) bytes[c] = name.get(c);
+                sizes.put(new String(bytes, java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), size.get(0));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(name);
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(type);
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(size);
+            MemoryUtil.memFree(length);
+        }
+        return sizes;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/BlockClipPlaneTest.java b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/BlockClipPlaneTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b70df2c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/BlockClipPlaneTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common;
+
+import net.minecraft.block.BlockContainer;
+import net.minecraft.block.material.Material;
+import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
+import net.minecraft.world.World;
+
+public class BlockClipPlaneTest extends BlockContainer {
+
+    public BlockClipPlaneTest() {
+        super(Material.iron);
+        setHardness(0.7f);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileEntity createNewTileEntity(World world, int meta) {
+        return new TileEntityClipPlaneTest();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isOpaqueCube() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean renderAsNormalBlock() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRenderType() {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/TileEntityClipPlaneTest.java b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/TileEntityClipPlaneTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93eb2e6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/common/TileEntityClipPlaneTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common;
+
+import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
+
+public class TileEntityClipPlaneTest extends TileEntity {
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean canUpdate() {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/iris/IrisGLSMBridge.java b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/iris/IrisGLSMBridge.java
index 3ccd30a5e..c3e7f6d24 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/iris/IrisGLSMBridge.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/iris/IrisGLSMBridge.java
@@ -274,6 +274,13 @@ public class IrisGLSMBridge {
             refreshBlendCondition();
         });
 
+        GLSMHooks.CLIP_PLANES_IN_USE.addListener(event -> {
+            if (!Iris.enabled) return;
+            if (Iris.getPipelineManager().getPipelineNullable() instanceof DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline drp) {
+                drp.onClipPlanesInUseChanged();
+            }
+        });
+
         GLSMHooks.FOREIGN_DRAW_END.addListener(event -> {
             if (!Iris.enabled) return;
             if (programRestoreDeferred) {
@@ -336,12 +343,13 @@ public class IrisGLSMBridge {
             WorldRenderingPipeline pipeline = Iris.getPipelineManager().getPipelineNullable();
             if (pipeline instanceof DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline drp) {
                 DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.Pass activePass = drp.getActivePassProgram();
-                if (activePass != null && activePass.getProgram() != null && activePass.getProgram().getProgramId() == event.newProgram) {
+                final Program bound = activePass != null ? activePass.boundProgram() : null;
+                if (bound != null && bound.getProgramId() == event.newProgram) {
                     final int frame = SystemTimeUniforms.COUNTER.getAsInt();
                     if (programLastUpdatedFrame.get(event.newProgram) != frame
                         || !ProgramUniforms.isActiveProgramBound()
                         || ProgramUniforms.activeHasDeferredUploads()) {
-                        activePass.getProgram().getUniforms().update();
+                        bound.getUniforms().update();
                         programLastUpdatedFrame.put(event.newProgram, frame);
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/ClientProxy.java b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/ClientProxy.java
index e2fe06c58..7e4756edc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/ClientProxy.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/ClientProxy.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.commands.AngelicaCommand;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.AngelicaMod;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.BlockError;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.BlockIsbrhTest;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.TileEntityClipPlaneTest;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.ModStatus;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.compat.bettercrashes.BetterCrashesCompat;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.mixins.interfaces.IGameSettingsExt;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.render.CloudRenderer;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.render.EmissiveTextureAutoloader;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.AngelicaBlockSafetyRegistry;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.ClipPlaneTestRenderer;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.FpsReducer;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.FramePacer;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.IsbrhTestRenderer;
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.utils.AngelicaJar;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.utils.AnimationMode;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.utils.ManagedEnum;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.zoom.Zoom;
+import cpw.mods.fml.client.registry.ClientRegistry;
 import cpw.mods.fml.client.registry.RenderingRegistry;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.FMLCommonHandler;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.event.FMLInitializationEvent;
@@ -146,6 +149,7 @@ public final class ClientProxy extends CommonProxy {
         if (AngelicaConfig.enableTestBlocks) {
             BlockIsbrhTest.renderId = RenderingRegistry.getNextAvailableRenderId();
             RenderingRegistry.registerBlockHandler(BlockIsbrhTest.renderId, new IsbrhTestRenderer());
+            ClientRegistry.bindTileEntitySpecialRenderer(TileEntityClipPlaneTest.class, new ClipPlaneTestRenderer());
         }
         AngelicaJar.configureShaderDiskCache(event.getSourceFile());
         if (AngelicaConfig.enableIris) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/CommonProxy.java b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/CommonProxy.java
index 179a38c97..b4910fc15 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/CommonProxy.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/proxy/CommonProxy.java
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.proxy;
 
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.BlockClipPlaneTest;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.BlockIsbrhTest;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.BlockTest;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.common.TileEntityClipPlaneTest;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.config.AngelicaConfig;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.event.FMLInitializationEvent;
 import cpw.mods.fml.common.event.FMLPostInitializationEvent;
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ public class CommonProxy {
         if (AngelicaConfig.enableTestBlocks) {
             GameRegistry.registerBlock(new BlockTest(), "test_block");
             GameRegistry.registerBlock(new BlockIsbrhTest(), "test_isbrh");
+            GameRegistry.registerBlock(new BlockClipPlaneTest(), "test_clip_plane");
+            GameRegistry.registerTileEntity(TileEntityClipPlaneTest.class, "angelica:test_clip_plane");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/ClipPlaneTestRenderer.java b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/ClipPlaneTestRenderer.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c864498f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gtnewhorizons/angelica/rendering/ClipPlaneTestRenderer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering;
+
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMEnable;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMMatrices;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GLSMRasterizer;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderBlocks;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.TextureMap;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntitySpecialRenderer;
+import net.minecraft.init.Blocks;
+import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
+import org.lwjgl.BufferUtils;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+
+import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
+
+public class ClipPlaneTestRenderer extends TileEntitySpecialRenderer {
+
+    private static final DoubleBuffer KEEP_LOWER_HALF = plane(0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.5);
+    private static final DoubleBuffer REJECT_ALL = plane(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+
+    private static DoubleBuffer plane(double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+        final DoubleBuffer buf = BufferUtils.createDoubleBuffer(4);
+        buf.put(a).put(b).put(c).put(d).flip();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void renderTileEntityAt(TileEntity te, double x, double y, double z, float partialTicks) {
+        GLSMMatrices.glPushMatrix();
+        GLSMMatrices.glTranslated(x, y, z);
+        GLSMRasterizer.glClipPlane(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE1, REJECT_ALL);
+        GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE1);
+        GLSMRasterizer.glClipPlane(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0, KEEP_LOWER_HALF);
+        GLSMEnable.glEnable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+        GLSMMatrices.glTranslated(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+        bindTexture(TextureMap.locationBlocksTexture);
+        RenderBlocks.getInstance().renderBlockAsItem(Blocks.gold_block, 0, 1.0f);
+        GLSMEnable.glDisable(GL11.GL_CLIP_PLANE0);
+        GLSMMatrices.glPopMatrix();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.java b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.java
index 27a79db99..283fa2cc0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.Instancing;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.BatchStateGuard;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.GLSMHooks;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.PendingProgramSelection;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.profiling.Tracy;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureInfoCache;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.RenderingState;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.rendering.tesr.BatchEligibility;
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ import java.util.OptionalInt;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
 import java.util.function.IntFunction;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
@@ -148,6 +150,8 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
  * Encapsulates the compiled shader program objects for the currently loaded shaderpack.
  */
 public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, RenderTargetStateListener, TesrInstancingPipeline, PendingProgramSelection {
+	private static final Tracy.ZoneId Z_CLIP_VARIANT = Tracy.zoneId("irisClipVariant", Tracy.COLOR_IRIS);
+
 	private final RenderTargets renderTargets;
 
 	@Nullable
@@ -202,7 +206,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 	private final EnumMap<Instancing, Map<Pair<String, InputAvailability>, Map<PatchShaderType, String>>> instancedAttributeTransforms = new EnumMap<>(Instancing.class);
 	private final boolean[] supportsInstancing = initialInstancingSupport();
 	private final Map<Pair<String, InputAvailability>, Map<PatchShaderType, String>> wideLineTransforms = new HashMap<>();
-	private final Map<SharedProgramKey, WideLineProgram> wideLinePrograms = new HashMap<>();
+	private final Map<WideLineKey, WideLineProgram> wideLinePrograms = new HashMap<>();
 	private final boolean packWidensLines;
 	private final ParityFlipState parityState = new ParityFlipState(AngelicaConfig.shaderParityFlip);
 	private final Supplier<ImmutableSet<Integer>> flippedGbuffers;
@@ -965,7 +969,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 
 	public int getActivePassProgramId() {
 		if (current == null) return -1;
-		final Program p = current.getProgram();
+		final Program p = current.boundProgram();
 		return p != null ? p.getProgramId() : -1;
 	}
 
@@ -1044,6 +1048,29 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 		}
 	}
 
+	private boolean clipRebindPending;
+
+	public void onClipPlanesInUseChanged() {
+		if (current == null) return;
+		clipRebindPending = true;
+		GLSMHooks.pendingProgramSelection = this;
+	}
+
+	private void resolveClipRebind() {
+		if (!clipRebindPending) return;
+		if (DisplayListManager.isRecording()) {
+			GLSMHooks.pendingProgramSelection = this;
+			return;
+		}
+		clipRebindPending = false;
+		final Pass pass = current;
+		if (pass == null) return;
+		final Program live = pass.liveProgram;
+		if (live != null && GLSMPrograms.getActiveProgram() == live.getProgramId() && pass.select(activeInstancing, GLSMRasterizer.clipEmulationActive()) != live) {
+			pass.rebindProgram();
+		}
+	}
+
 	private void clearPendingSelection() {
 		if (GLSMHooks.pendingProgramSelection == this) {
 			GLSMHooks.pendingProgramSelection = null;
@@ -1053,11 +1080,10 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 	private void matchPass() {
 		clearPendingSelection();
 
-		if (!shouldOverrideShaders()) {
-			return;
+		if (shouldOverrideShaders()) {
+			matchPass(getCondition(getPhase()));
 		}
-
-		matchPass(getCondition(getPhase()));
+		resolveClipRebind();
 	}
 
 	private void matchPass(RenderCondition condition) {
@@ -1139,7 +1165,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 			}
 			return;
 		}
-		final Program program = pass.getProgram();
+		final Program program = pass.select(Instancing.NONE, GLSMRasterizer.clipEmulationActive());
 		final GlFramebuffer expected = isBeforeTranslucent ? pass.framebufferBeforeTranslucents : pass.framebufferAfterTranslucents;
 		if (program != null && GLSMPrograms.getActiveProgram() == program.getProgramId() && GLSMFramebuffer.getDrawFramebuffer() == expected.getId()) {
 			return;
@@ -1199,7 +1225,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 		if (shared != null) {
 			final Pass pass = createPassInner(shared.program(), source.getDirectives(), shadow, id);
 			this.customUniforms.mapPassLike(shared.firstPass(), pass);
-			pass.setInstancingKey(source.getName(), availability, shadow);
+			pass.setVariantSource(source, id, availability, shadow);
 			return pass;
 		}
 
@@ -1224,7 +1250,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 
 		final Pass pass = createPassInner(program, source.getDirectives(), shadow, id);
 		this.customUniforms.mapholderToPass(builder, pass);
-		pass.setInstancingKey(source.getName(), availability, shadow);
+		pass.setVariantSource(source, id, availability, shadow);
 		if (shareKey != null) {
 			builtPrograms.put(shareKey, new BuiltProgram(program, pass));
 		}
@@ -1432,18 +1458,24 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 		private final List<BufferBlendOverride> bufferBlendOverrides;
 		private final boolean shadowViewport;
 
-		private String instancingSourceName;
-		private InputAvailability instancingAvailability;
-		private boolean instancingShadow;
-		private final Program[] instancedVariants = new Program[Instancing.VALUES.length];
-		private final boolean[] instancedVariantAttempted = new boolean[Instancing.VALUES.length];
+		private ProgramSource variantSource;
+		private ProgramId variantId;
+		private InputAvailability variantAvailability;
+		private boolean variantShadow;
+		private final Program[][] variants = new Program[Instancing.VALUES.length][2];
+		private final boolean[][] variantAttempted = new boolean[Instancing.VALUES.length][2];
 		@Nullable
-		private WideLineProgram wideLineProgram;
-		private boolean wideLineProgramAttempted;
+		private Program boundProgram;
+		@Nullable
+		private Program liveProgram;
+		private final WideLineProgram[] wideLineVariants = new WideLineProgram[2];
+		private final boolean[] wideLineProgramAttempted = new boolean[2];
 
 		private Pass(@Nullable Program program, GlFramebuffer framebufferBeforeTranslucents, GlFramebuffer framebufferAfterTranslucents,
 					 @Nullable AlphaTestOverride alphaTestOverride, @Nullable BlendModeOverride blendModeOverride, @Nullable List<BufferBlendOverride> bufferBlendOverrides, boolean shadowViewport) {
 			this.program = program;
+			this.variants[Instancing.NONE.ordinal()][0] = program;
+			this.variantAttempted[Instancing.NONE.ordinal()][0] = true;
 			this.framebufferBeforeTranslucents = framebufferBeforeTranslucents;
 			this.framebufferAfterTranslucents = framebufferAfterTranslucents;
 			this.alphaTestOverride = alphaTestOverride;
@@ -1457,15 +1489,22 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 		}
 
 		void rebindProgram() {
-			if (program != null) program.use();
 			final boolean suspended = GLStateManager.suspendExitCapture();
 			try {
-				DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.this.customUniforms.push(this);
+				bindSelected();
 			} finally {
 				GLStateManager.resumeExitCapture(suspended);
 			}
 		}
 
+		private void bindSelected() {
+			final Program selected = select(activeInstancing, GLSMRasterizer.clipEmulationActive());
+			liveProgram = selected;
+			if (activeInstancing == Instancing.NONE) boundProgram = selected;
+			if (selected != null) selected.use();
+			DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.this.customUniforms.push(selected == null || selected == program ? this : selected);
+		}
+
 		private void useNow() {
 			final boolean suspended = GLStateManager.suspendExitCapture();
 			try {
@@ -1511,12 +1550,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 				bufferBlendOverrides.forEach(BufferBlendOverride::apply);
 			}
 
-			if (activeInstancing != Instancing.NONE && program != null) {
-				DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.this.bindInstancedVariant(activeInstancing);
-			} else {
-				if (program != null) program.use();
-				DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline.this.customUniforms.push(this);
-			}
+			bindSelected();
 		}
 
 		public void stopUsing() {
@@ -1541,62 +1575,113 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 			return program;
 		}
 
-		void setInstancingKey(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow) {
-			this.instancingSourceName = sourceName;
-			this.instancingAvailability = availability;
-			this.instancingShadow = shadow;
+		@Nullable
+		public Program boundProgram() {
+			return boundProgram != null ? boundProgram : program;
+		}
+
+		void setVariantSource(ProgramSource source, ProgramId id, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow) {
+			this.variantSource = source;
+			this.variantId = id;
+			this.variantAvailability = availability;
+			this.variantShadow = shadow;
 		}
 
 		@Nullable
-		Program instancedVariant(Instancing kind) {
+		Program select(Instancing kind, boolean clipped) {
 			final int i = kind.ordinal();
-			if (!instancedVariantAttempted[i]) {
-				instancedVariantAttempted[i] = true;
-				if (instancingSourceName != null && supportsInstancing[i]) {
-					instancedVariants[i] = sharedInstancedVariant(instancingSourceName, instancingAvailability, instancingShadow, kind);
+			if (!variantAttempted[i][0]) {
+				variantAttempted[i][0] = true;
+				if (variantSource != null && supportsInstancing[i]) {
+					variants[i][0] = sharedVariant(new InstancedVariantKey(variantSource.getName(), variantAvailability, variantShadow, kind, false),
+						() -> buildInstancedVariant(variantSource.getName(), variantAvailability, variantShadow, kind));
 				}
 			}
-			return instancedVariants[i];
+			final Program unclipped = variants[i][0];
+			if (!clipped || unclipped == null) return unclipped;
+			if (!variantAttempted[i][1]) {
+				variantAttempted[i][1] = true;
+				variants[i][1] = sharedVariant(new InstancedVariantKey(variantSource.getName(), variantAvailability, variantShadow, kind, true),
+					() -> buildClipVariant(variantSource, variantId, variantAvailability, variantShadow, kind));
+			}
+			return variants[i][1] != null ? variants[i][1] : unclipped;
 		}
 
 		@Nullable
-		WideLineProgram wideLineProgram() {
-			if (!wideLineProgramAttempted) {
-				wideLineProgramAttempted = true;
-				if (instancingSourceName != null) {
-					wideLineProgram = sharedWideLineProgram(instancingSourceName, instancingAvailability, instancingShadow);
+		WideLineProgram wideLineProgram(boolean clipped) {
+			final int c = clipped ? 1 : 0;
+			if (!wideLineProgramAttempted[c]) {
+				wideLineProgramAttempted[c] = true;
+				if (variantSource != null && (!clipped || wideLineProgram(false) != null)) {
+					wideLineVariants[c] = sharedWideLineProgram(variantSource, variantAvailability, variantShadow, clipped);
 				}
 			}
-			return wideLineProgram;
+			return wideLineVariants[c] != null || !clipped ? wideLineVariants[c] : wideLineVariants[0];
 		}
 
 		public void destroy() {
 			if (this.program != null) {
 				this.program.destroy();
 			}
-			for (int i = 0; i < instancedVariants.length; i++) {
-				if (instancedVariants[i] != null) {
-					instancedVariants[i].destroy();
-					instancedVariants[i] = null;
+			for (int i = 0; i < variants.length; i++) {
+				for (int c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
+					if ((i != Instancing.NONE.ordinal() || c != 0) && variants[i][c] != null) {
+						variants[i][c].destroy();
+						variants[i][c] = null;
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	private record InstancedVariantKey(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow, Instancing kind) {}
+	private record InstancedVariantKey(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow, Instancing kind, boolean clipped) {}
 
 	// Passes sharing a program also share its instanced variants
 	private final Map<InstancedVariantKey, Program> instancedVariantPrograms = new HashMap<>();
 
 	@Nullable
-	private Program sharedInstancedVariant(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow, Instancing kind) {
-		final InstancedVariantKey key = new InstancedVariantKey(sourceName, availability, shadow, kind);
+	private Program sharedVariant(InstancedVariantKey key, Supplier<Program> build) {
 		if (instancedVariantPrograms.containsKey(key)) return instancedVariantPrograms.get(key);
-		final Program variant = buildInstancedVariant(sourceName, availability, shadow, kind);
+		final Program variant = build.get();
 		instancedVariantPrograms.put(key, variant);
 		return variant;
 	}
 
+	@Nullable
+	private Program buildClipVariant(ProgramSource source, ProgramId id, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow, Instancing kind) {
+		final String name = source.getName() + kind.variantSuffix + "_clipped";
+		final boolean glint = GlintScrollInjector.shouldInject(id, source);
+		return buildClipped(source, name, (vertex, fragment) -> {
+			final Map<PatchShaderType, String> transformed = TransformPatcher.patchAttributesInstanced(vertex, null, null, null, fragment, availability, glint, kind, true);
+			return transformed != null ? linkVariant(name, transformed, availability, shadow) : null;
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Nullable
+	private static <T> T buildClipped(ProgramSource source, String name, BiFunction<String, String, T> build) {
+		if (source.getGeometrySource().isPresent() || source.getTessControlSource().isPresent() || source.getTessEvalSource().isPresent()) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		if (Tracy.ENABLED) Tracy.beginZone(Z_CLIP_VARIANT);
+		try {
+			return build.apply(source.getVertexSource().orElse(null), source.getFragmentSource().orElse(null));
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			Iris.logger.warn("Clip plane variant failed for {}; clip planes stay unclipped there", name, e);
+			return null;
+		} finally {
+			if (Tracy.ENABLED) Tracy.endZone();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private Program linkVariant(String name, Map<PatchShaderType, String> transformed, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow) {
+		final ProgramBuilder builder = beginBuilder(name, transformed);
+		wireGbufferProgram(builder, availability, shadow);
+		final Program variant = builder.build();
+		vertexWriteReplays.attach(name, variant, transformed, (samplers, images) -> wireGbufferResources(samplers, images, availability, shadow));
+		this.customUniforms.mapholderToPass(builder, variant);
+		return variant;
+	}
+
 	@Nullable
 	private Program buildInstancedVariant(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow, Instancing kind) {
 		final Map<Pair<String, InputAvailability>, Map<PatchShaderType, String>> transforms = instancedAttributeTransforms.get(kind);
@@ -1605,12 +1690,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 			return null;
 		}
 		try {
-			final ProgramBuilder builder = beginBuilder(sourceName + kind.variantSuffix, transformed);
-			wireGbufferProgram(builder, availability, shadow);
-			final Program variant = builder.build();
-			vertexWriteReplays.attach(sourceName + kind.variantSuffix, variant, transformed, (samplers, images) -> wireGbufferResources(samplers, images, availability, shadow));
-			this.customUniforms.mapholderToPass(builder, variant);
-			return variant;
+			return linkVariant(sourceName + kind.variantSuffix, transformed, availability, shadow);
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			Iris.logger.warn("{} instanced variant link failed for {}; disabling it", kind, sourceName, e);
 			supportsInstancing[kind.ordinal()] = false;
@@ -1641,50 +1721,52 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 
 	@Override
 	public boolean hasInstancedVariant(Instancing kind) {
-		return current != null && current.instancedVariant(kind) != null;
+		return current != null && current.select(kind, false) != null;
 	}
 
 	public boolean hasInstancedVariant(RenderCondition condition, InputAvailability availability, Instancing kind) {
 		final Pass pass = table.match(condition, availability);
-		return pass != null && pass.instancedVariant(kind) != null;
+		return pass != null && pass.select(kind, false) != null;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void bindInstancedVariant(Instancing kind) {
 		activeInstancing = kind;
-		final Program variant = current.instancedVariant(kind);
-		variant.use();
-		this.customUniforms.push(variant);
+		current.bindSelected();
 	}
 
 	private record WideLineProgram(Program program, int lineWidthLocation, int screenSizeLocation) {}
 
+	private record WideLineKey(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow, boolean clipped) {}
+
 	@Nullable
-	private WideLineProgram sharedWideLineProgram(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow) {
-		final SharedProgramKey key = new SharedProgramKey(sourceName, availability, shadow);
+	private WideLineProgram sharedWideLineProgram(ProgramSource source, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow, boolean clipped) {
+		final WideLineKey key = new WideLineKey(source.getName(), availability, shadow, clipped);
 		if (wideLinePrograms.containsKey(key)) return wideLinePrograms.get(key);
-		final WideLineProgram built = buildWideLineProgram(sourceName, availability, shadow);
+		final WideLineProgram built = clipped ? buildClippedWideLineProgram(source, availability, shadow)
+			: buildWideLineProgram(source.getName() + "_widelines", wideLineTransforms.get(Pair.of(source.getName(), availability)), availability, shadow);
 		wideLinePrograms.put(key, built);
 		return built;
 	}
 
 	@Nullable
-	private WideLineProgram buildWideLineProgram(String sourceName, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow) {
-		final Map<PatchShaderType, String> transformed = wideLineTransforms.get(Pair.of(sourceName, availability));
+	private WideLineProgram buildClippedWideLineProgram(ProgramSource source, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow) {
+		final String name = source.getName() + "_widelines_clipped";
+		return buildClipped(source, name, (vertex, fragment) ->
+			buildWideLineProgram(name, TransformPatcher.patchAttributesWideLines(vertex, null, null, null, fragment, availability, true), availability, shadow));
+	}
+
+	@Nullable
+	private WideLineProgram buildWideLineProgram(String name, @Nullable Map<PatchShaderType, String> transformed, InputAvailability availability, boolean shadow) {
 		if (transformed == null) {
 			return null;
 		}
-		final String name = sourceName + "_widelines";
 		try {
-			final ProgramBuilder builder = beginBuilder(name, transformed);
-			wireGbufferProgram(builder, availability, shadow);
-			final Program program = builder.build();
-			vertexWriteReplays.attach(name, program, transformed, (samplers, images) -> wireGbufferResources(samplers, images, availability, shadow));
-			this.customUniforms.mapholderToPass(builder, program);
+			final Program program = linkVariant(name, transformed, availability, shadow);
 			final int id = program.getProgramId();
 			return new WideLineProgram(program, GLSMPrograms.glGetUniformLocation(id, "iris_LineWidth"), GLSMPrograms.glGetUniformLocation(id, "iris_ScreenSize"));
 		} catch (Exception e) {
-			Iris.logger.warn("Wide line program link failed for {}; lines there stay 1 px wide", sourceName, e);
+			Iris.logger.warn("Wide line program link failed for {}; lines there stay 1 px wide", name, e);
 			return null;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1698,8 +1780,8 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 		}
 		GLSMHooks.resolvePendingProgram();
 		final Pass pass = current;
-		if (pass == null || pass.getProgram() == null || activeInstancing != Instancing.NONE
-			|| GLSMPrograms.getActiveProgram() != pass.getProgram().getProgramId()) {
+		final Program bound = pass != null ? pass.boundProgram() : null;
+		if (bound == null || activeInstancing != Instancing.NONE || GLSMPrograms.getActiveProgram() != bound.getProgramId()) {
 			return false;
 		}
 
@@ -1709,7 +1791,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 			return false;
 		}
 		final boolean needsWidening = shadow || !packWidensLines;
-		final WideLineProgram wide = needsWidening ? linePass.wideLineProgram() : null;
+		final WideLineProgram wide = needsWidening ? linePass.wideLineProgram(GLSMRasterizer.clipEmulationActive()) : null;
 		if (needsWidening && wide == null) {
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -1742,11 +1824,11 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 	}
 
 	public void compileWideLinePrograms() {
-		table.match(RenderCondition.LINES, LINE_INPUTS).wideLineProgram();
+		table.match(RenderCondition.LINES, LINE_INPUTS).wideLineProgram(false);
 		final Pass shadowPass = table.match(RenderCondition.SHADOW, SHADOW_INPUTS);
-		if (shadowPass != null) shadowPass.wideLineProgram();
+		if (shadowPass != null) shadowPass.wideLineProgram(false);
 		final Pass shadowWaterPass = table.match(RenderCondition.SHADOW_TRANSLUCENT, SHADOW_INPUTS);
-		if (shadowWaterPass != null) shadowWaterPass.wideLineProgram();
+		if (shadowWaterPass != null) shadowWaterPass.wideLineProgram(false);
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -1851,7 +1933,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 		table.forEach(pass -> {
 			if (pass == null || !visited.add(pass)) return;
 			for (Instancing kind : Instancing.VALUES) {
-				if (kind != Instancing.NONE) pass.instancedVariant(kind);
+				if (kind != Instancing.NONE) pass.select(kind, false);
 			}
 		});
 	}
@@ -2667,7 +2749,7 @@ public class DeferredWorldRenderingPipeline implements WorldRenderingPipeline, R
 			source.getTessControlSource().orElse(null),
 			source.getTessEvalSource().orElse(null),
 			source.getFragmentSource().orElse(null),
-			inputs)));
+			inputs, false)));
 	}
 
 	private static final ProgramId[] INSTANCED_PROGRAM_IDS = {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/CommonTransformer.java b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/CommonTransformer.java
index 1606af637..688a95f86 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/CommonTransformer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/CommonTransformer.java
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.GlslTransformUtils;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ClipDistanceGlsl;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.ShaderType;
+import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform.parameter.AttributeParameters;
 import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform.parameter.Parameters;
 import org.taumc.glsl.Transformer;
 import org.taumc.glsl.grammar.GLSLParser;
@@ -123,7 +126,9 @@ public class CommonTransformer {
 			});
 		}
 
-		if (parameters.patch == Patch.ATTRIBUTES && parameters.type == ShaderType.VERTEX) {
+		if (parameters.patch == Patch.ATTRIBUTES && RenderSystem.isClipDistanceEmulated()) {
+			injectClipDiscard(root, (AttributeParameters) parameters);
+		} else if (parameters.patch == Patch.ATTRIBUTES && parameters.type == ShaderType.VERTEX) {
 			root.injectVariable("uniform bool angelica_ClipPlanesEnabled;");
 			root.injectVariable("uniform vec4 angelica_ClipPlane[8];");
 			root.appendMain(
@@ -144,4 +149,31 @@ public class CommonTransformer {
 			);
 		}
 	}
+
+	private static final String CLIP_VS_BLOCK;
+	static {
+		final String[] distances = new String[8];
+		for (int i = 0; i < distances.length; i++) {
+			distances[i] = "dot(angelica_ClipPlane[" + i + "], _cp_ep)";
+		}
+		final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(256).append("{ vec4 _cp_ep = iris_ModelViewMatrix * iris_Vertex;\n");
+		ClipDistanceGlsl.appendVsAssign(sb, distances);
+		CLIP_VS_BLOCK = sb.append('}').toString();
+	}
+
+	private static void injectClipDiscard(Transformer root, AttributeParameters parameters) {
+		if (!parameters.clipDiscard) {
+			return;
+		}
+		if (parameters.type == ShaderType.VERTEX) {
+			root.injectVariable("uniform vec4 angelica_ClipPlane[8];");
+			root.injectVariable(ClipDistanceGlsl.VS_OUT_DIST0);
+			root.injectVariable(ClipDistanceGlsl.VS_OUT_DIST1);
+			root.appendMain(CLIP_VS_BLOCK);
+		} else if (parameters.type == ShaderType.FRAGMENT) {
+			root.injectVariable(ClipDistanceGlsl.FS_IN_DIST0);
+			root.injectVariable(ClipDistanceGlsl.FS_IN_DIST1);
+			root.prependMain(ClipDistanceGlsl.FS_DISCARD);
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformer.java b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformer.java
index 12d33c115..6f54535f9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformer.java
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ public class ShaderTransformer {
         final ShaderDiskCache.Key k = ShaderDiskCache.key("iris-transform").str(patch.name());
         parameters.appendDiskKey(k);
         k.i(RenderSystem.getMaxGlslVersion()).b(RenderSystem.supportsSSBO()).b(RenderSystem.supportsImageLoadStore())
-            .b(RenderSystem.isGLES()).b(BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND.isSDLGPU()).b(BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND.supportsComputeImageAtomics()).str(RwImageStoreExtractor.atomicCustomImagesKey())
+            .b(RenderSystem.isGLES()).b(RenderSystem.isClipDistanceEmulated()).b(BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND.isSDLGPU()).b(BackendManager.RENDER_BACKEND.supportsComputeImageAtomics()).str(RwImageStoreExtractor.atomicCustomImagesKey())
             .i(maxSupportedHoistVersion);
         if (enabledRequirements == null) {
             k.i(-1);
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/TransformPatcher.java b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/TransformPatcher.java
index f0114afe0..a18ff5834 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/TransformPatcher.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/TransformPatcher.java
@@ -143,11 +143,15 @@ public class TransformPatcher {
     }
 
     public static Map<PatchShaderType, String> patchAttributesInstanced(String vertex, String geometry, String tessControl, String tessEval, String fragment, InputAvailability inputs, boolean scrollGlint, Instancing instancing) {
-        return transform(vertex, geometry, tessControl, tessEval, fragment, new AttributeParameters(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, geometry != null, tessControl != null, inputs, scrollGlint, instancing));
+        return patchAttributesInstanced(vertex, geometry, tessControl, tessEval, fragment, inputs, scrollGlint, instancing, false);
     }
 
-    public static Map<PatchShaderType, String> patchAttributesWideLines(String vertex, String geometry, String tessControl, String tessEval, String fragment, InputAvailability inputs) {
-        return transform(vertex, geometry, tessControl, tessEval, fragment, new AttributeParameters(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, geometry != null, tessControl != null, inputs, false, Instancing.NONE, true));
+    public static Map<PatchShaderType, String> patchAttributesInstanced(String vertex, String geometry, String tessControl, String tessEval, String fragment, InputAvailability inputs, boolean scrollGlint, Instancing instancing, boolean clipDiscard) {
+        return transform(vertex, geometry, tessControl, tessEval, fragment, new AttributeParameters(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, geometry != null, tessControl != null, inputs, scrollGlint, instancing, false, clipDiscard));
+    }
+
+    public static Map<PatchShaderType, String> patchAttributesWideLines(String vertex, String geometry, String tessControl, String tessEval, String fragment, InputAvailability inputs, boolean clipDiscard) {
+        return transform(vertex, geometry, tessControl, tessEval, fragment, new AttributeParameters(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, geometry != null, tessControl != null, inputs, false, Instancing.NONE, true, clipDiscard));
     }
 
     public static Map<PatchShaderType, String> patchAttributes(String vertex, String geometry, String tessControl, String tessEval, String fragment, InputAvailability inputs) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/parameter/AttributeParameters.java b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/parameter/AttributeParameters.java
index be359161d..02733d514 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/parameter/AttributeParameters.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/parameter/AttributeParameters.java
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ public class AttributeParameters extends Parameters {
 	public final boolean scrollGlint;
 	public final Instancing instancing;
 	public final boolean wideLines;
+	public final boolean clipDiscard;
 	// WARNING: adding new fields requires updating hashCode and equals methods!
 
 	public AttributeParameters(Patch patch, boolean hasGeometry, boolean hasTesselation, InputAvailability inputs, boolean scrollGlint, Instancing instancing) {
-		this(patch, hasGeometry, hasTesselation, inputs, scrollGlint, instancing, false);
+		this(patch, hasGeometry, hasTesselation, inputs, scrollGlint, instancing, false, false);
 	}
 
-	public AttributeParameters(Patch patch, boolean hasGeometry, boolean hasTesselation, InputAvailability inputs, boolean scrollGlint, Instancing instancing, boolean wideLines) {
+	public AttributeParameters(Patch patch, boolean hasGeometry, boolean hasTesselation, InputAvailability inputs, boolean scrollGlint, Instancing instancing, boolean wideLines, boolean clipDiscard) {
 		super(patch, null);
 		this.hasGeometry = hasGeometry;
 		this.hasTesselation = hasTesselation;
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ public class AttributeParameters extends Parameters {
 		this.scrollGlint = scrollGlint;
 		this.instancing = instancing;
 		this.wideLines = wideLines;
+		this.clipDiscard = clipDiscard;
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ public class AttributeParameters extends Parameters {
 	@Override
 	public void appendDiskKey(ShaderDiskCache.Key k) {
 		super.appendDiskKey(k);
-		k.b(hasGeometry).b(hasTesselation).str(inputs == null ? null : inputs.name()).b(scrollGlint).str(instancing.name()).b(wideLines);
+		k.b(hasGeometry).b(hasTesselation).str(inputs == null ? null : inputs.name()).b(scrollGlint).str(instancing.name()).b(wideLines).b(clipDiscard);
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ public class AttributeParameters extends Parameters {
 		result = prime * result + (scrollGlint ? 1231 : 1237);
 		result = prime * result + instancing.ordinal();
 		result = prime * result + (wideLines ? 1231 : 1237);
+		result = prime * result + (clipDiscard ? 1231 : 1237);
 		result = prime * result + ((inputs == null) ? 0 : inputs.hashCode());
 		return result;
 	}
@@ -72,6 +75,8 @@ public class AttributeParameters extends Parameters {
 			return false;
 		if (wideLines != other.wideLines)
 			return false;
+		if (clipDiscard != other.clipDiscard)
+			return false;
 		if (inputs == null) {
             return other.inputs == null;
 		} else return inputs.equals(other.inputs);
diff --git a/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/AttributeTransformerLinkGLTest.java b/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/AttributeTransformerLinkGLTest.java
index 5c4b162eb..5c1fa9efd 100644
--- a/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/AttributeTransformerLinkGLTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/AttributeTransformerLinkGLTest.java
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class AttributeTransformerLinkGLTest {
 
     @Test
     void wideLineVariantLinksWithLineUniformsLive() {
-        final Map<PatchShaderType, String> result = TransformPatcher.patchAttributesWideLines(COMPAT_VERTEX, null, null, null, COMPAT_FRAGMENT, InputAvailability.NONE);
+        final Map<PatchShaderType, String> result = TransformPatcher.patchAttributesWideLines(COMPAT_VERTEX, null, null, null, COMPAT_FRAGMENT, InputAvailability.NONE, false);
         final int program = link("wideLines", result);
         try {
             assertNotEquals(-1, GLSMPrograms.glGetUniformLocation(program, "iris_LineWidth"), () -> result.get(PatchShaderType.VERTEX));
diff --git a/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/AttributeTransformerInstancedTest.java b/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/AttributeTransformerInstancedTest.java
index 15c96f68b..ec59943bf 100644
--- a/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/AttributeTransformerInstancedTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/AttributeTransformerInstancedTest.java
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizon.gtnhlib.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ClipDistanceGlsl;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.CubeInstancedAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.InstancedAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.Instancing;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.ParticleInstancedAttribs;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.hooks.ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.ClipTestSupport;
 import net.coderbot.iris.gbuffer_overrides.matching.InputAvailability;
 import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform.parameter.AttributeParameters;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
@@ -467,4 +469,54 @@ class AttributeTransformerInstancedTest {
         assertNotNull(entityResult);
         assertHas(entityResult.get(PatchShaderType.VERTEX), "layout(location = " + ImmediateExtendedAttribHandler.LOC_ENTITY_IDS + ") in vec4 iris_Entity;");
     }
+
+    private static final String[] CLIP_NAMES = {"gl_ClipDistance", "angelica_ClipDist", "angelica_ClipPlane"};
+
+    private static Map<PatchShaderType, String> clipStages(boolean emulated, boolean clipDiscard) {
+        try (var ignored = ClipTestSupport.emulation(emulated)) {
+            final Map<PatchShaderType, String> result = TransformPatcher.patchAttributesInstanced(VERTEX, null, null, null, FRAGMENT, TEX_LM, false, Instancing.NONE, clipDiscard);
+            assertNotNull(result);
+            for (String stage : result.values()) {
+                if (stage != null) ShaderParser.parseShader(stage);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void nativeClipDistancesWrittenByTheVertexStage() {
+        final Map<PatchShaderType, String> result = clipStages(false, false);
+        assertHas(result.get(PatchShaderType.VERTEX), "gl_ClipDistance[7] = dot(angelica_ClipPlane[7], _cp_ep);");
+        assertLacks(result.get(PatchShaderType.VERTEX), "angelica_ClipDist0");
+        assertLacks(result.get(PatchShaderType.FRAGMENT), "angelica_ClipDist0");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void emulatedUnclippedVariantCarriesNoClipCode() {
+        final Map<PatchShaderType, String> result = clipStages(true, false);
+        for (String stage : result.values()) {
+            if (stage == null) continue;
+            for (String name : CLIP_NAMES) assertLacks(stage, name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void emulatedClippedVariantDiscardsFirstInFragmentMain() {
+        final Map<PatchShaderType, String> result = clipStages(true, true);
+        final String v = result.get(PatchShaderType.VERTEX);
+        assertHas(v, "uniform vec4 angelica_ClipPlane[8];");
+        assertHas(v, "out vec4 angelica_ClipDist0;");
+        assertHas(v, "out vec4 angelica_ClipDist1;");
+        assertHas(v, "angelica_ClipDist0 = vec4(dot(angelica_ClipPlane[0], _cp_ep), dot(angelica_ClipPlane[1], _cp_ep), dot(angelica_ClipPlane[2], _cp_ep), dot(angelica_ClipPlane[3], _cp_ep));");
+        assertHas(v, "angelica_ClipDist1 = vec4(dot(angelica_ClipPlane[4], _cp_ep), dot(angelica_ClipPlane[5], _cp_ep), dot(angelica_ClipPlane[6], _cp_ep), dot(angelica_ClipPlane[7], _cp_ep));");
+        assertLacks(v, "gl_ClipDistance");
+
+        final String f = result.get(PatchShaderType.FRAGMENT);
+        assertHas(f, "in vec4 angelica_ClipDist0;");
+        assertHas(f, "in vec4 angelica_ClipDist1;");
+        final String body = squash(f);
+        final int mainIdx = body.indexOf("voidmain(){");
+        assertTrue(mainIdx >= 0, f);
+        assertTrue(body.startsWith(squash(ClipDistanceGlsl.FS_DISCARD), mainIdx + "voidmain(){".length()), "discard is not the first statement of main:\n" + f);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformerDiskCacheTest.java b/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformerDiskCacheTest.java
index 6713a456b..6bcb00f60 100644
--- a/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformerDiskCacheTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/net/coderbot/iris/pipeline/transform/ShaderTransformerDiskCacheTest.java
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 package net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform;
 
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.RenderSystem;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.ffp.Instancing;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.shader.ShaderDiskCache;
+import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.ClipTestSupport;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.testutil.Reflect;
 import com.gtnewhorizons.angelica.glsm.texture.TextureType;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import net.coderbot.iris.gbuffer_overrides.matching.InputAvailability;
 import net.coderbot.iris.helpers.Tri;
+import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform.parameter.AttributeParameters;
 import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform.parameter.ComputeParameters;
 import net.coderbot.iris.pipeline.transform.parameter.TextureStageParameters;
 import net.coderbot.iris.shaderpack.texture.TextureStage;
@@ -97,6 +101,23 @@ class ShaderTransformerDiskCacheTest {
         assertNotEquals(before, after);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void keyChangesWithClipEmulationAndClipDiscard() {
+        final InputAvailability avail = InputAvailability.of(true, true);
+        final AttributeParameters unclipped = new AttributeParameters(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, false, false, avail, false, Instancing.NONE, false, false);
+        final AttributeParameters clipped = new AttributeParameters(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, false, false, avail, false, Instancing.NONE, false, true);
+        final String nativeKey;
+        try (var ignored = ClipTestSupport.emulation(false)) {
+            nativeKey = ShaderTransformer.diskKey(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, compositeInputs(), unclipped).hex();
+        }
+        try (var ignored = ClipTestSupport.emulation(true)) {
+            final String emulatedKey = ShaderTransformer.diskKey(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, compositeInputs(), unclipped).hex();
+            final String clippedKey = ShaderTransformer.diskKey(Patch.ATTRIBUTES, compositeInputs(), clipped).hex();
+            assertNotEquals(nativeKey, emulatedKey);
+            assertNotEquals(emulatedKey, clippedKey);
+        }
+    }
+
     private static Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<Tri<String, TextureType, TextureStage>, String> textureMap(int capacity) {
         final Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<Tri<String, TextureType, TextureStage>, String> m = new Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<>(capacity);
         m.put(new Tri<>("colortex0", TextureType.TEXTURE_2D, TextureStage.COMPOSITE_AND_FINAL), "a.png");